Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv lub nroog ntawm Russia. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws

Ntawm tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj uas tau ntsib ntxhov siab rau teb chaws Russia, hluav taws kub tshaj plaws, txij li ntawm txhua lub xyoo pua cov khoom siv ntawm lub nroog thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsev nyob deb nroog, tau hav zoov. Txawm hais tias lawv raug xa los ntawm cov neeg tej kev txhaum, los yog tau los ntawm ib tug neeg qhov yuam kev, lawv yeej tau mus nrog lawv sib tham, thiab yog li ntawd keeb kwm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog cais tsis tau los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Tsev kawm ntawv, qhia txog kev sib ntaus nrog hluav taws

Qhia txog cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv tua hluav taws hauv kev khiav hauj lwm thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws qhia txog kev rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv Russia tau mus. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, tau tsim hauv xyoo 1957, nyob hauv Moscow hauv Durova Street. Nyob rau hauv cov halls ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog sau artifacts, uas recreate keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam hluav taws los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan lub phem rau peb hnub.

Tsis ntev tshaj plaws yog qhov Museum of Fire Protection hauv St. Petersburg, nyob ntawm Bolshoy Prospect VO, 73. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm keeb kwm ntawm firefighting nyob rau hauv nws npog lub sij hawm pib nrog ob peb tom qab lub sij hawm - lub caij nyoog ntawm Peter kuv , Cov lus nthuav qhia kuj yog kev txaus siab thiab muaj ntau yam khoom pov thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd, hluav taws kub tua hluav taws yog tsim los ntawm Samara, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo thiab Krasnodar. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub tua hluav taws kev pab, tab sis kuj sib ntaus tawm tsam hluav taws nyob rau hauv Russia.

Feem ntau, cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov hluav taws tua hluav taws hauv Moscow, St.Petersburg, thiab ntau lub nroog hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov nyiaj ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov nrhiav tau ib daim duab txog tias cov neeg Russians tau ntev li cas tiv thaiv cov kev kub ntxhov uas lawv mus xyuas lawv.

Gosudarev cov lus txiav txim siab tivthaiv hluav taws

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hluav taws tiv thaiv, reflected nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv archival uas tau tuaj rau peb, originates los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus txiav txim los ntawm tus Grand Duke ntawm Moscow, Ivan III, tus yawg ntawm Ivan lub Terrible, tom qab ib tug txaus ntshai hluav taws kub uas devastated lub peev nyob rau hauv 1472.

Nyob rau hauv lawv thiab cov cai tswjfwm tom qab, uas yog twb nyob hauv Romanov era, nws tau nruj nruj tswj nyob rau hauv lub zos (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub peev) los kho cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb kom deb li deb tau thiab tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov phiaj xwm los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws tau teev tseg. Raws li rau cov ua txhaum cai ntawm cov siab tshaj plaws, thiab txawm ntau li ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua cov neeg ua txhaum cov hluav taws, cov kev nplua loj tshaj.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj pes tsawg tus neeg hauv lub zos squares, leej twg, txawm tias tsar tseev cov zaub mov tom tsev kub kub lub hli thiab tsim hluav taws hauv thaj chaw, thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ib txhis "kab tias" yeej ib txwm kov yeej cov cai tswj hwm hluav taws kev nyab xeeb. Vim li ntawd, tej kev kub ntxhov qee zaum kuj tau ua rau lub sijhawm zoo kawg nkaus uas lawv rhuav tshem tag nrho lub zos.

Ntshai hluav taws kub ntawm ib ntu dhau los

Tsis txaus siab nws tsuas yog qhia txog ob peb lub caij nyoog xwb, uas tau qhia txog cov ncauj lus ntawm cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv pov hwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob saum toj no nyob rau hauv ─ xws li qhov teeb meem loj hauv lawv lub neej hauv lub xeev. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, nws yog hluav taws kub ntawm 1212, uas pov tseg nyob rau hauv ob peb teev 4,300 yards ntawm Veliky Novgorod. Txog ib txhiab tus pej xeem ua neeg raug nws.

Nyob rau hauv 1354, qhov hluav taws kub uas engulfed Moscow nyob rau hauv ob teev kos rau hauv qhov kev haus luam yeeb ashes tsis tsuas yog lub Kremlin, tab sis kuj lub zos adjoining. Qhov hluav taws kub uas tau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1547 kuj tuag rau lub peev. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv nws hluav taws tua ob peb txhiab tus neeg ntawm tus Vaj Saib.

Yug Los ntawm Lavxias Tebchaws Hluav Taws Kub Tua

Cov lus teb rau kev sib tw, cuam tshuam los ntawm cov raging ntsiab, yog cov creation nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm tshwj xeeb hluav taws kub brigades. Thawj thawj zaug, lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim hauv 1649 nrog kev koom tes los ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich thiab muaj npe "Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Nroog Deanery". Raws li nws cov cai, kev tua hluav taws brigades tshwm nyob hauv txhua lub zos loj hauv lub teb chaws, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau them nyiaj hli.

Qhov kev cai lij choj ntawd tau hais kom cov tub ceev xwm cov tub ceev xwm tuav ntaub ntawv, tshwj tsis yog ua haujlwm tim khawm, los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw hauv lawv thaj chaw thiab txheeb xyuas cov neeg ua txhaum cai ntawm kev siv hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich txhawj txog nws tus kheej nrog kev tsim cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev tua hluav taws, kev siv dej kav rau lub hom phiaj no, uas tau los ua tus qauv ntawm cov neeg hos.

Ib theem tshiab nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub teb chaws hluav taws kev pab

Lub xyoo ntawm tus muaj zog ntawm Peter kuv ua ib lub sij hawm thaum lub koom haum ntawm hluav taws kub tiv thaiv tau nce mus rau ib tug tshiab qualitative theem. Qee qhov, cov khoom siv tua hluav taws tau muab kho dua tshiab, ntau yam uas tus vaj ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm mus nyob txawv teb chaws. Tsaug rau nws nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg ntawm Lavxias teb sab firemen, thawj twj pom, nruab nrog tawv tes tsho thiab tooj liab hoses.

Tom qab ntawd, ntawm lub Admiralty ntawm St. Petersburg, thawj hluav taws chav tsev nyob rau hauv Russia tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub chav tua hluav taws tsis zoo tuaj lig. Lub decree ntawm nws cov creation yog luam tawm los ntawm Alexander kuv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1804.

Sib ntaus hluav taws hauv XIX xyoo pua

Tus tom ntej sovereign, Nicholas kuv, nce mus rau lub zwm txwv hauv 1825, ua kom paub meej tias qhov kev pab hluav taws tsis tu ncua ceased yuav destiny tsuas yog ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Nrog nws, yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw nyob coob ntawm lub teb chaws tau tshwm sim los mus tua hluav taws.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws, cov pej thuam, feem ntau yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog uas nws muaj peev xwm mus tshawb xyuas txhua lub zos. Thaum kuaj tau hluav taws, ib tus chij tshwj xeeb thiab teeb liab tau tsa ceg rau nws, cov naj npawb uas tau ncaj qha mus rau qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv.

Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov cuab yeej hluav taws kuj zoo tuaj. Ntau yam ntawm nws tus thawj qauv yuav pom ob qho tib si hauv Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob thiab nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lwm yam sib xws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, kev tsim cov nroj tsuag hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg uas tsim cov khoom siv tsis yog hluav taws xob thiab cov tsho rau lawv, tiam sis tseem siv tau cov khoom siv: folding ladders, crannies, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv tsim nyog rau kev siv hluav taws kub, pab cuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws.

Lub hnub nyoog hluav taws kub qub, muab tawm rau lub sij hawm ntawm XIX thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov tuam tsev ntawm cov ntxhais zoo ib yam. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov kis tau kuj yog siv rigging, uas tuaj rau hauv kev siv tam sim ntawd, sai li sai tau thaum hluav taws siv tau siv lub tsheb uas los hloov tus nees txoj kev tawm.

Kev sib ntaus tua hluav taws los ntawm Bolsheviks

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej St. Petersburg ntawm Hluav Taws Kev Tiv Thaiv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog muab rau kev koom tes sib ntaus tawm tsam hluav taws hauv lub xyoo dhau xyoo. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb qhia txog lub tsev lag luam nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1918 ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Rau Txoj Kev Pov Hwm thiab Hluav Taws Kub. Nws thawj coj yog MT Elizarov.

Ua tsaug rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm, ib lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob ntau heev, muaj cuab kav nrog cov khoom siv tshiab rau lub sij hawm ntawd, raug tsim nyob hauv lub teb chaws. Tsab xyoo tom ntej no, tsoom fwv tau siv cov kev ntsuas ntxiv los txhawb nqa hluav taws kub ceev. Lub decree ntawm Pawg Neeg ntawm Commissaries nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub NKVD, lub koom haum tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub caij nyoog no, tau tsim los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm, uas yog coj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev pabcuam tua hluav taws thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws.

Keeb kwm ntawm firefighting nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet

Nyob rau xyoo 1924, thawj lub tsev kawm tua hluav taws tau qhib rau hauv Leningrad, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub koom haum uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv teb chaws yav tom ntej. Ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nws nyob lug tsim tom qab ntawm cov teg num ntawm lub Koom Haum Ntxhais Communist League thiab ntau yam lag luam union koom haum. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Voluntary Fire Brigade, uas nws tus ceg tau tshwm sim thoob plaws lub teb chaws.

Cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev pab hluav taws yog xyoo ntawm lub Great Patriotic War, uas nws tus neeg tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam hluav taws. Nws yog paub tias tsuas yog ib qho Leningrad tshaj 2 txhiab ntawm lawv muab lawv lub neej. Thiab nws tsis yog lo lus hais tias nyob rau hauv ntuj 1945 tus neeg tua hluav taws ntawm cov tua hluav taws units marched raws liab Square nrog rau tag nrho cov chav sib ntaus tauj.

Kev lom zem nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub heroic txoj hauj lawm

Nta hnub no qhov kev pab hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntau lub peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tom qab tua hluav taws kub ntawm txhua yam nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv nws cov arsenal muaj qhov tseeb achievements ntawm niaj hnub siv tshuab. Ua ib qho kev qhia txog kev hwm rau cov neeg ntawm kev tsim kev lag luam tiam sis txhua lub sij hawm, tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws tau tsim ib qho kev tuaj yeem hauv xyoo 1999 ─ Hnub Nyoog Qub Hnub Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws.