Tsarist Russia thiab nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv kom meej

Czarist Russia - nws yog ib tug keeb kwm lub sij hawm yuav tsum vov ib tug txaus lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws pib nrog cov reign ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab Tsar Ivana Groznogo, thiab xaus nyob rau hauv 1917, thaum lub monarchy twb abolished. Yuav kom dim ntau yam keeb kwm relics thiab artifacts uas qhia tshiab sib nrauj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg. Tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws kawm ntawm cov no yog cov ntau yam cov tub rog khoom plig, raws li lawv tau hais rau tshwj xeeb achievements, exploits thiab heroism. Yeej, tus awardees cov txiv neej, raws li cov poj niam tsis ua hauj lwm hauv cov kev pab tub rog. Tab sis txhua yam rau tej muaj lawv tus kheej insignia.

Kev txiav txim ntawm lub Liberation

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj thiab tsim txiaj puav pheej ntawm tag nrho cov poj niam yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. Catherine. Nws twb xub hais Peter kuv rau nws tus poj niam. Nthuav keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm. Thaum lub sij hawm Prut phiaj los nqis tes ua ntej huab tais pab tub rog raug kev. Thiab yog hais tias tsis yog tus jewels ntawm Catherine thiab keej sib khom lus, lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yuav tau tos ib lub teeb liab tsis ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv gratitude, Peter tsim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm dai kom zoo nkauj abundance ntawm precious pob zeb, nrog rau cov motto "Hlub thiab Fatherland." Xim ribbons - liab. Tej zaum nws yog hu ua nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Liberation. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv 2 degrees, nws twb muab rau tag nrho cov me nyuam ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe ntshav ntawm ib tug poj niam thaum yug los, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb noble thiab distinguished tej. Tam sim no peb hnov echoes ntawm no kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug liab ribbon hnav khaub ncaws me nyuam ntxhais.

Poj niam qhov khoom plig

Cov poj niam txeeb Tsarist Russia tsis yog kev ua ib tug tib Order ntawm St. Catherine, muaj medals rau kev ua tau zoo kho mob hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas rau cov raug mob, los yog cia li rau ib tug zoo ntev-lub sij hawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, lub Mariinsky insignia. Nws yog muab rau cov poj niam uas txig ua tiav raws li lawv txoj hauj lwm rau 15 xyoo los yog ntau tshaj.

Cov kev ncaj ncees nrog txiv neej pw, uas nqa nws kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob thiab tsev kho mob, tau txais lawv txeeb. Piv txwv li, lub puav pheej "rau cov neeg saib mob nyob rau hauv lub Crimea," los yog "Yuav kom tus Vaj Cross viv ncaus lub zej lub zos nyob rau hauv Finland."

Lwm txim hluav taws xob, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm Tsarist Russia - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. Olga. Nws twb muab tsub ib zaug ib tug poj niam uas nws peb tug tub, uas tau muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. George, muab lawv lub neej rau lawv lub teb chaws.

Kawm rau hauv daim ntawv, sau ntawv, dluab thiab decorations rau cov ntshaw koj yuav tau txais ib tug tswv yim ntawm cov dab ntawd tsarist Russia. Qhov no yog ib qho interesting thiab ib tug tej txheej ntawm peb keeb kwm.

Cov Qib thiab lub npe

Txiv neej lub khoom plig yog ntau npaum li cas ntawm lawv muab rau cov feat nyob rau hauv cov tub rog battles thiab achievements nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub khoom plig, cov neeg raug feem ntau yog muab cov qib thiab lub npe.

Ua ntej Peter kuv twb tsis kom meej meej tseg thiab lub system ntawm posts thiab ibyam. Cov neeg coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Boyar Duma, hu ua dumnyi tub ceev xwm, cov uas sawv tawm lub Duma nobles thiab ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li lub boyars, courtiers.

Nyob rau hauv 1722 nws twb qhia roster, uas qhia ib tug ntshiab hierarchy ntawm txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab pej xeem cov kev pab. Txij no mus, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia pib yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 14 chav kawm. Cov tub rog muaj ntau honorable tshaj civil, thiab muab ntau tsim nyog. Rose yog yooj yim thiab ceev kom cov sab saum toj hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tshaj nyob rau hauv lub pej xeem teb.

Tshaj Czarist Russia - nws txawv, hais tias nws yog ib tug yawm hnav rau tag nrho cov kev pab cuam tib neeg: nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, ib tug pej xeem thiab lub tsev hais plaub qhov kev pab. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, lawv meant teej tug mus rau lub imperial them nyiaj yug, piv txwv li, ib tug adjutant general thiab adjutant.

poj niam ua hauj lwm

Roster thiab ua kev kho me ntsis nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug raws li txoj cai ntawm cov poj niam. Tam sim no nws tau txiav txim qib ntawm nws tus txiv, yog hais tias nws yog tsis tau sib yuav, los yog cov nyob qib ntawm cov txiv - yog hais tias nkag mus hauv. Kev kho mob yog tsim nyog, rau piv txwv, "Ms. counselor" thaum ua ntawv thov mus rau lub tswv yim tus poj niam. Ib txhia ntawm cov poj niam nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, thiab lawv, raws li qhov qeb duas, muaj lawv tus kheej cov qib uas tsis yog nyob ntawm seb txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv los yog leej txiv.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia - ib tug system uas tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv hnub no lub koom txoos. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv 1918 lawv twb tshem tawm tom qab uas lawv tau txais ib tug ib nrab rov qab, twb Qib raws li tub ceev xwm ntawm cov rog.

npib

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nyiaj yog kev lom zem heev thiab muaj nqi. Heev heev kho, hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev, loj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zoo zoo nkauj tshooj nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj npib - tag nrho cov no muab rau koj ib tug zoo hlais ntawm lub ntu. Thiab, Ntxiv, nws yuav pab kom peb to taub thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv kom meej. Rau txhua npib - ib tug kav thiab ib tug tej yam ntau yam ntawm kev siv. Numismatists sau lawv, thiab cov dab neeg txuam nrog lawv. Muaj pheej yig kis ntawm tsarist Russia, thiab muaj - raug nqi ib tug hmoov zoo. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, lawv tsis ntau tshaj ib tug teb raug tso tawm. Cia peb xav txog cov feem ntau nthuav.

Constantine ruble

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm no npib yog tsab, vim hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab tsarist paub kav npe Constantine. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias tom qab lub reign ntawm Alexander kuv nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yuav tau ua ib tug tij laug - Constantine - tab sis nws nyob rau hauv ua ntej, txawm nyob rau hauv 1819, abdicated. Peb paub hais tias tsuas muaj ob peb tug neeg, li ntawd, sai li sai tau raws li nws paub ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Alexander, tus ceev xwm coj cov lus cog tseg rau Constantine. Lub manifesto ntawm cov qub kav, nyob rau hauv uas nws tshaj tawm hais tias lub txais rau Nicholas kuv, tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub capital tom qab 2 lub lim piam. Nyob rau hauv no tsis paub tseeb lub sij hawm Mint pib npaj rau qhov teeb meem tshiab npib nrog rau cov duab ntawm Constantine. 5 kuaj tau ua uas tau tom qab muab faib nrog lub tom ntej no ntawm kwvtij ntawm Alexander II. Peb muaj 2 npib yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab puas thiab 3 - nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws collections. Lawv nqi yog tam sim no ntau tshaj li 100 txhiab. USD.

square penny

Nyob rau hauv 1726, nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg, lub biggest penny nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia twb tso tawm. Nws loj yog 2.3 rau 2.3 cm, qhov hnyav - 16,38 g. Nqe ntawm lub caij - 2 mln. Rubles. 10 extant cov ntawv luam ntawm cov nyiaj npib. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias thaum lub sij hawm square nyiaj - tsis yog ib tug rarity. Nws muaj lwm yam kev ntseeg ntuj nyob rau hauv square embodiment, nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, sau rau hauv lub hnyav heev tau raug tso tawm - tooj liab Ruble, weighing 1.638 kg.

Lub kim tshaj plaws npib

Nyob rau hauv 2008, nws yog ib tug tshiab cov ntaub ntawv rau tus nqi ntawm cov kis ntawm tsarist Russia - 1 lab 550 txhiab phaus ... Nws lub ntsej muag tus nqi ntawm 20 rubles. Nws twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub txiaj kho kom zoo ntawm 1755. Cov no yog xeem kuaj xwb 2 luam. Tam sim no ib tug ntawm lawv yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Hermitage, thiab lwm yam - nyob rau hauv ib tug private collection.

25 rubles los ntawm cov nugget

Nyob rau hauv Siberia, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem twb pom ib tug loj kub nugget, weighing 5 kg. Huab tais Nicholas II txiav txim siab no ingot ua souvenirs muab kaw cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg nyob rau nws lub hnub yug nyob rau hauv 1908. Nyob rau nws txiav txim, peb tsim ib tug ob peb lub npib ntawm denomination ntawm 25 rubles. Tam sim no qhov no npib yog xav tau heev tsis tshua muaj, nws cov nqi yog 1.9 mln. Rubles.

100 npib nyob rau hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1907 nws yog raws nraim ib puas xyoo ntawm lub yeej tshaj Napoleon ntawm Friedland. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim nws nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshiab lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze St. Petersburg. Thaum nws puag 100 muab tso rau kub npib 5 rubles. Lawv zoo tib yam, qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas distinguishes lawv - xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1907, lub Mint tsis tau muab xws li ib tug kis denomination rau tus kheej ntawm kev. Lub ceremony twb tau mus kawm nws tus kheej Nicholas II, nws tus poj niam thiab tus ntxhais fuabtais Olga, nyob rau hauv uas nws yawm thiab muaj npe lub tsev teev ntuj. Los ntawm cov tshwj xeeb qhov teeb meem tshuav 9 npib uas tau raug muab rau cov neeg koom ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim. Thaum lub caij, cov nqi ntawm 5 rubles ntawm 1907 yog 4,35 lab. Rubles.

Xws li ib tug interesting thiab txawv txawv dab neeg qhia rau peb npib, pom lub ntsiab lus ntawm yav dhau los. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam lub centuries-laus era ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab pab saib yav dhau los txheej xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab, txawv txawv kaum sab xis. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv mus rau peb keeb kwm, xav txog qhov no nthuav kom meej, zoo li cov nyees khawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws, vim hais tias lawv kuj yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub teb chaws thiab cov neeg.

nyees khawm

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov nyees khawm twb tsis yog raws li ib daim ntawm cov khaub ncaws, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug neeg saib xyuas tiv thaiv dab phem. Lub npe "khawm" los ntawm lo lus "scare" uas hnov nrog nws cov ntsiab muaj nuj nqi thaum lub sij hawm - los pawg ntseeg tawm cov ntsujplig phem. Ces nws lub luag hauj lwm tau hloov thiab nws tau ua ib tug zoo ntawm kev hu mus rau card ntawm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov tsho tiv no, tsho tiv no thiab lwm yam kev hnav ris tsho yog ib tug taag naj npawb ntawm cov nyees khawm. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lawv zoo li tes taw hnyav li thiab heev qhov txhia chaw. Maj mam mutating, lawv twb coj li ib txwm daim ntawv rau peb thiab tau cov kev kawm, cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha mus rau tus mej zeej hauv tej pab pawg neeg. Raws li nws nws twb tau mus kawm txog cov kev sib raug teeb meem thiab lub merits ua ntej Fatherland. Nyees khawm, raws li tau zoo raws li lwm cov cim ntawm imperial Russia, tuaj los yog qhov chaw muab kev pab los yog kawm ntawv, lawv sawv cev, piv txwv li, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog tej yam cim uas qhia ib tug neeg teej tug mus rau ib tug hauj lwm.

ntawm Uniform nyees khawm

Uniformed nyees khawm sawv cev rau lub feem ntau nthuav keeb kwm ntawm cov tsim thiab qhia peb lub neej. Qhov no yog pom raws li ib tug duab nyob rau hauv lawv, txoj kev ua kev hloov thiab txhim kho lub sij hawm. Nyees khawm Tsarist Russia mus Nicholas kuv tsis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ntau haiv neeg cov qauv. Lawv tus thiab ua los ntawm tin thiab tooj liab. Tab sis qhov kawg peb emperors tej nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab cov dluab. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev kawm thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm ntau factories chasing cia txhua leej txhua tus mus ua lawv lub hais txog cov era.

Imperial dav dawb hau thiab Grenada, tej zaum, feem ntau cov cim ntawm cov xyoo. Nyees khawm nrog xws li cov dluab nyob grenadiers, ib co infantry units. Lwm heev ncej thiab hlua taws xob thiab lub Txoj kev uas sib txuas lus. Ntawm cov uas tsis tshua muaj nyees khawm yuav tau muab sau tseg lighthouse keepers, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv ntiav thiab cov neeg zov tub ceev xwm.

raug dab

Cov feem ntau yooj yim nyees khawm, uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia - stamped. Nyob rau hauv lawv siv cov hlau nto yog thov rau cov duab - lub stamp.

Ntau complex - phony nyees khawm. Lawv muaj li ntawm 2 qhov chaw. Nyob rau Upper ntsej muag ntawm lub extruded los ntawm sab hauv lub stamp, thiab cov qis sab soldered tom qab. Yog li, nws tseem nyob rau hauv lub hollow.

Lub kim tshaj plaws txoj kev raug nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyees khawm. Cov duab rau pem hauv ntej sab yog tsis stamped, thiab yog manufactured nyias, thiab ces nws yuav txuas rau lub hauv paus nrog tshwj xeeb mustache. Cuav nyees khawm Tsarist Russia - lub feem ntau zoo nkauj thiab kim thaum lub caij.

Yuav kom kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub artifacts yog heev nthuav thiab tuav, tiam sis koj yeej ib txwm xav saib cov neeg ua neej nyob, mus plunge rau hauv lub era. Nyob rau hauv daim duab no, peb yuav pab tau.

yees duab

Txij li thaum lub invention ntawm photography , nws tam sim ntawd ntog nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom qab kev vam meej thwmsim ua nrov qhov txhia chaw. Ntawm cov thaum ntxov pab txog yuav nco ntsoov Levitsky SL - yees duab portrait tswv, Carrick VA - tus tsim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem duab, phaw KK - photojournalist Barshchevsky YOG - yees duab ntawm architecture, Boldyrev IV - tus neeg sau ntawm "nrov" dluab thiab cov thawj poj niam yees duab - Morozov, EL Lawv dluab Imprint li cov emperors, thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Ua ntej peb nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm pib ib tug tshiab thiab tsab tsarist Russia. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj yees duab yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nthuav los ntawm ib tug keeb kwm taw tes ntawm view.

Xim duab ntawm Tsarist Russia, tuaj rau peb ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm lub zoo-paub tub yees duab - Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky. Nws tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm huab tais Nicholas II rau duab los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau hauv nws trailer, nws cov kwv tij mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, muab lectures rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Peb cov keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus

Ntsiab lus tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb nco ntsoov tias lub keeb kwm ntawm imperial Russia - yog tsis yog ib lub sij hawm, cov txuj ci uas yog tsuas tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob thiab ib tug milestone, kev coj tus kheej ib txheej ntawm lub hauv paus cov ntaub ntawv rau cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau ntawm cov kev lis kev cai, tej kab ke thiab kev cai uas yog nrov tam sim no, mus rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm. Rau txhua tus neeg nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws, xav nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, uas bears xws ib qho tseem ceeb cov keeb kwm era, Tsarist Russia. Diam duab nyob rau hauv uas nws yog embodied, muaj ib tug wealth ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nyiaj npib, nyees khawm thiab khoom plig yuav pab ntxiv mus rau ntxaum mus rau hauv peb keeb kwm.