Stanislav Shushkevich - ib tug muaj kev vam meej paub txog thiab politician

Stanislav Shushkevich (15 Hlis ntuj nqeg 1934) yog ib tug Belarusian paub txog thiab politician. Los ntawm 1991 mus 1994 nws yog tus tswj ntawm lub Supreme Council ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Belarus, kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus Bialowieza tsim kom cov kev CIS.

Keeb kwm thiab xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb

Qhov twg nws pib nws lub neej txoj kev taug kev mus Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich? Nws biography tau pib nyob rau hauv Minsk lub Belarusian-Polish tsev neeg. Nws niam Helena Razumovsky yog ib tug neeg txhais lus thiab txawj sau ntawv, raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv Polish ntawv xov xwm, los nyob rau hauv lub 20-30-ies nyob rau hauv Belarus, nws txiv - Belarusian kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv. Peb lub xyoos tom qab tus me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus tub, nws tau raug ntes thiab tau txais kev pab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Kuzbass mines, twb tso tawm xwb nyob rau hauv 1946. Rov qab tsev, nws pib qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntug zos lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis raws li yog dev tsoob kev coj ntawm Stalinist jailers nws twb dua puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1949 thiab deported mus rau lub Krasnoyarsk Territory. Thaum kawg nws rov qab mus rau Belarus nyob rau hauv 1956.

Nws yog amazing, tab sis lub stigma ntawm "yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg tus tub," uas puas (txawm tawg), lub neej ntawm ntau cov phooj ywg Stanislav Shushkevich, thaj, muaj tsis muaj feem nyob rau hauv nws txoj hmoo. Nyob rau hauv 1951 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo tau txais lub prestigious physics thiab zauv ntawm lub Belarusian State University (BSU), hauv lub xyoo ntawm tso tawm xaus ntawm nws txiv, thiab tam sim ntawd ua ib tug kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau lub koom haum ntawm Physics, Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Byelorussian SSR.

Early hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm

Tsis ntev tom qab ua hauj lwm "meneesom" nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej lub koom haum, Stanislav Shushkevich mus rau CSC senior engineer ntawm lub Minsk xov tooj cua Works. Thaum lub Hoobkas koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab raug ntawm pab kiag li lawm rau lub cev soj ntsuam. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm no yog hais txog ib qho kev nthuav rov, uas nkag ntaqwm nws tus kheej Stanislav Shushkevich. Biography coj nws luv luv tsis muaj leej twg lwm tus, tab sis nrog lub neej yav tom ntej hauj killer ntawm US President Kennedy Lee Harvi Osvaldom.

Lub fact tias nws tuaj nyob rau hauv 1959 nyob rau hauv lub USSR rau ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws visa thiab hais nws lub siab xav mus nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tom qab tsis kam defiantly ua tawv tawv nws sim ua yus tua yus. Nws tau mus rau raws li thiab txiav txim seb qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob Minsk thiab xa mus rau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua Hoobkas. Shushkevich zoo li hais lus Askiv, nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm kev soj ntsuam txog nrog American, Lavxias teb sab lus. Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs, Oswald tsis ua tej yam tseem ceeb nco qab ntsoov, ntsia sluggish thiab indifferent, thiab cov kws kho tsheb yog nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws kom tau nyob rau hauv Minsk hluas tus poj niam, uas nws tsis ntev rov qab rov qab mus rau lub xeev.

Kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Nyob rau hauv 1961, Stanislav Shushkevich rov qab mus rau lub Belarusian State University, nyob qhov twg rau rau xyoo kis los ntawm senior engineer rau cov thawj ntawm department ntawm scientific laboratory. Nyob rau hauv 1967 nws tau raug tsa vice-rector rau scientific ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Minsk xov tooj cua Engineering lub koom haum. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Shushkevich, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub tshiab lub sij hawm, nws yog non-partisan. Qhov no teeb meem yog heev nyuaj rau nws mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau qhov chaw tshiab, txij li thaum tag nrho cov tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab coj ntawm lub koom haum tog pawg neeg yam tsis tau nws kev koom tes. Tig mus rau lub nroog tog Committee, Shushkevich demanded mus nrhiav ib tug daws qhov teeb meem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tam sim ntawd coj tus Communist tog, uas ua rau nws tau mus ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm tsis muaj teeb meem.

Txij li thaum 1967, rau ob xyoos nws ua hauj lwm nyob hauv lub koom haum rau Science Vice-Rector.

Nyob rau hauv 1969, Stanislav Shushkevich rov qab mus rau lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas rau 7 lub xyoo raws li cov xibfwb thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm nuclear physics. Txij li thaum 1986, nws tau Vice-Rector of State University of Science.

pib politkarery

Cia li ua ntej nws Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich yog ib tug naas ej Belarusian paub txog, tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais, tus Belarusian Academy ntawm Sciences, tus neeg sau ntawm ob peb monographs thiab ntau tshaj 150 cov khoom thiab 50 inventions muaj ntau yam lub xeev txeeb.

Nyob rau hauv 1990 nws tau raug xaiv los thawj Deputy Chairman ntawm lub Supreme Council ntawm Belarus. Tom qab lub coup los nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo 1991 los lawm nws demanded lub convening ntawm ib tug txawv tshaj plaw kev sib kho ntawm Parliament, tab sis twb tso tseg los ntawm nws Chairman Nikolaya Dementeya.

Tom qab lub yeej Borisa Eltsina rau 26 Lub yim hli ntuj coup thiab tau raug xaiv los. txog. Chairman ntawm lub Parliament, thiab nyob rau 31 Lub yim hli ntuj los ua nws tus tswj. Thaum lub sij hawm nws tenure, nws txhawb kho nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug dawb ua lag luam khwv nyiaj txiag.

Bialowieza daim ntawv cog lus

Raws li cov memoirs Shushkevich, nws zazvat Boris Yeltsin qub chaw ua si ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU nyob rau hauv lub Bialowieza Hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1991 tsis nrog lub hom phiaj mus ua txhaum li cov Soviet Union, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim tsim ib tug mechanism rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo ntawm Belarus thiab Russia tsis muaj kev koom tes los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws cov tub ceev xwm, leej twg tau xav tias Shushkevich nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej raws li cov purely hniav, ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug xoob confederation. Lub tswv yim rau caw mus rau lub qub, thiab Leonid Kravchuk sawv tom qab lub harmonization ntawm Yeltsin lub sij hawm tuaj txog.

Thiab yog li ntawd nws tuaj rau lub hav zoov peb cov thawj coj ntawm lub Slavic republics inhabited los ntawm cov fraternal haiv neeg uas muaj ib qho hauv paus. Raws li Shushkevich, ntawv cog lus rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb republics twb tiav, tab sis lub ntug yog ib lo lus nug txog seb koj puas yuav tsum nrhiav daim ntawv cog lus mus rau lub USSR Thawj Tswj Hwm Gorbachev. Tag nrho peb ntawm lawv heev npaum li cas yeej tsis xav kom ua li ntawd, tab sis qhov kev yog qhib rau tso tseg tsis muaj ib tug kam tsa muag union treaty. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug oracle Huab Tais Ntuj hais cov fateful kab lus rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb ntawm tus paub txog lub Soviet Union mus nyob qhovtwg li, nws ua ib tug approximate Yeltsin Gennady Burbulis. Shushkevich hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nws yog "wildly khib Burbulis".

Hlis ntuj nqeg 8, Stanislav Shushkevich kos npe ua ke nrog Borisom Eltsinym thiab Leonid Kravchuk, daim ntawv uas tus Soviet Union mus nyob qhovtwg li thiab twb hloov mus rau hauv lub tebchaws no Independent States (CIS).

End of hauj lwm

Ntxiv nom tswv hauj lwm ntawm peb hero yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau txoj kev uas Leonid Kravchuk. Sim siv radical ua lag luam kho pib lawv monstrous nce nqi, luv nqi ntawm ntsig txog nyiaj ntawm Belarusians - tag nrho cov no tawm tsam nws noj qab nyob zoo, comprador nom tswv rog, uas nyob rau hauv 1994 tau yuam kom tsum Shushkevich. Nws twb tau sim nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo yuav tsum tau sau npe nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li cov thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Belarus (Stanislav Shushkevich), noj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub thawj tswj kev xaiv tsa, tab sis scored 10% ntawm lub pov npav. Txawj ntse Belarusians raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm Alexander Lukashenko, nyob rau hauv uas nws coj noj coj ua lub teb chaws txij thaum 1995, muaj tsuas ib tug zuj zus GDP (tsuas yog ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov post-Soviet lub teb chaws).

Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau tshaj 20 xyoo Stanislav Shushkevich yog nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam mus rau lub Belarusian cov tub ceev xwm. Nws occupies ib tug tsis tshua nationalist, thaum lub pro-Western txoj hauj lwm, koom tes uas lub caij 18th xyoo pua Belarus yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab colony thiab tam sim no thiaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws yog muab piv rau lub "Peb Reich".