Solovetsky kob thiab nws cov attractions. Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub Solovetsky Islands tuaj, dab tsi saib

Solovetsky Islands yog ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Nyob rau ib tug me me archipelago nyob rau hauv lub dawb Hiav txwv tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb tej yam ntuj tso, keeb kwm thiab kev cai complex, muaj yog tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv attractions yog cov kob ntawm Solovki, uas rau centuries ua hauj lwm lub npe nrov Solovetsky monastery.

xwm

Cov islands nyob 9,000 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv ib cov theem ntawm tsim ntawm lub Dawb hiav txwv, qhov chaw uas tom qab lub melting ntawm loj glaciers tshwm sim nyiaj nqa av. 2/3 ntawm tag nrho archipelago cheeb tsam occupies Bolshoi Solovetsky Island.

Archipelago yog nyob rau hauv lub taiga tsam. Tsis tshua muaj neeg picturesque thiab varied toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov kob: lub siab toj muab txoj kev mus pas dej, flowering meadows - marshes. 70% ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog them los ntawm cov hav zoov, feem ntau spruce thiab ntoo thuv. Hais txog 5% ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntog rau hauv tundra ceg. Qhuav voronichnye tundra raug rau nqaum tsam uas lawv yog ua raws li los ntawm cov qhab krivostvolnyh birch (birch winding). Nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm cov kob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ntov thiab hluav taws kub tshwm sim birch thiab Aspen forests. Meadows nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub kob nyob los ntawm cov 0.1-0.2% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm cov nplua nuj hom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub tiaj nyom nroj tsuag. Hais txog 15% ntawm cov Islands tuaj ua hauv cov hav iav nrog ib tug predominance ntawm upland thiab hloov hom. Xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm txog 300 square kilometers, yog ib qho ntawm feem amazing ntuj nta ntawm lub Solovetsky archipelago.

Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj muaj ntau tshaj 550 lub pas dej. Lawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv loj, zoo, keeb kwm, xim dej, tab sis tag nrho cov heev scenic.

Qhov twg yog qhov Solovetsky Islands

Solovetsky archipelago muaj raws ntawm rau loj Islands tuaj thiab ntau tshaj ib puas me me, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm lub Dawb Hiav txwv nyob rau hauv 290 km north-west of lub nroog ntawm Arkhangelsk, qhov chaw ntawm lub Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub islands yog 300 square kilometers. Lawv muaj xws li islands xws li:

• Solovetsky (Solovetsky Loj) - 218,72 square kilometers;
• Anzersky - 47,11 km²;
• Feem ntau cov Muksalma - 18,96 km²;
• Ntiav Muksalma - 1.2 square kilometers;
• Big 3ayatsky - 1.25 square kilometers;
• Me Zayatsky - 1.1 km².

zaj dabneeg

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Solovetsky Islands pib nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub lig Mesolithic. Lub III txhiab BC hiav txwv zoov thiab fishermen sab Solovetsky Islands thiab pib lawv txoj kev loj hlob, uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum lub caij nyoog nruab nrab. Solovki pom heev heev ib co kua nplaum ntawm lawv economic-utilitarian thiab kev cai dab qhuas kev ua ub no: ntau tshaj 20 settlements, camps thiab kev cob qhia, plaub tej chaw dawb huv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ancient qhov chaw, ib tug ntau ntawm ib pob zeb labyrinths, txhiab tus artifacts.

Txheej thaum ub inhabitants ntawm Solovki koom nyob rau hauv kev mus yos hav zoov marine tsiaj thiab cov kob pas dej thiab hav zoov ua si, nuv ntses, thiab nqaum gatherers, ua pob zeb cov cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm sau qhov chaw nyob sab xib xub, javelins, kev yos hav zoov axes, pob zeb anchors, ceramics, cim iconic drilling taus thiab ntau lwm yam khoom. Cov ancient inhabitants ntawm lub archipelago twb koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov pob zeb labyrinths, uas lub tsev lub sanctuary.

Lub hauv paus Stauropegial Solovetsky Monastery

Solovetsky kob los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm monastery yog founded nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub XV xyoo pua los ntawm Cyril ntawm Belozersk thiab Valaam Monastery monks Savvatii, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Zosima li cov abode of "tus Cawm Seej thiab Chudotvortsa Nikolaya". Thaum lub sij hawm lub XV-XVI centuries. monastery maj loj hlob, tau txais nyob rau hauv nws muaj cov loj Islands tuaj archipelago.

By kawg ntawm lub XV xyoo pua los ntawm cov monks tau ua peb ntoo churches: Assumption, St. Nicholas thiab kev Hloov Hlo, heev heev ntoo hlwb thiab outbuildings, uas xa tuaj nrog los ntawm ib tug ntoo laj kab.

Lub sab ntsuj plig stronghold ntawm Lavxias teb sab North

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI monastery nkag mus rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm loj nyiaj txiag kho mob nrog rau lub npe ntawm Abbot Philip (Kolycheva), reformer, kws kes duab vajtse, nquag thiab feemxyuam kws xam nyiaj txiag. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1550-1560-ies tau nqa tawm ntawm txoj kev, tab sis cov kob twb nrhiav tau los ntawm B. Muksalma "mis nyuj vaj" nrog mos lwj thiab nyuj. Yuav kom muab cov pej xeem ntawm lub monastery khiav dej 52 Lake Solovetsky islands kev cob cog rua haus raws. Rau cov tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv 1582-1594 gg. Nws tau tsa ib lub pob zeb phab ntsa nrog yees thiab rooj vag. Annunciation (rooj vag) Lub tsev teev ntuj ua tau nyob rau hauv 1596-1600 gg.

Thaum lub sij hawm XVII xyoo pua Solovetsky monastery tseem yuav tsim raws li ib tug tswj dej num, nyiaj txiag, sab ntsuj plig, ua tub rog, kev nom kev tswv thiab kev cai chaw ntawm lub Dawb Hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII-XX centuries. Nws yog ib tug ntawm lub qhov chaw ntawm exile thiab raug kaw ntawm kev nom kev tswv criminals.

lub Soviet era

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1917 pib tsim ib tug tshiab Russia. Solovetsky Islands ceased mus yuav tus sab ntsuj plig chaw thiab lub monastery twb abolished. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1920, cov Arkhangelsk lub xeev Commission pib lub nationalization ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm tus monastery. Tau raug tsa los ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Solovki Islands tuaj, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib lub koom haum ua liaj ua teb "Solovki", uas muaj kom txog thaum 1923. Lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub ua liaj ua teb tsis tau txhais hais tias cov tshem tawm ntawm monasticism. Hais txog 200 monks tau pej xeem neeg ua hauj lwm, tau raug tsa los ntawm cov kev cai dab qhuas zej zog, uas nws ua ub no yog saib xyuas los ntawm lub Office of Solovki Islands tuaj.

Lub gulag archipelago

Los ntawm 1923 mus 1939 cov kob thiab tag nrho cov vaj tse ntawm cov qub Solovetsky monastery nyob Solovki tsev rau txim camp NKVD (ntxhw). Ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Kholmogory, Pertominskogo thiab Arkhangelsk, Solovki camp yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub SLON hloov ntawm txawv sij hawm. Cov lawv twb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab aristocracy, lub tsev teev ntuj, intellectuals, tag nrho cov pre-revolutionary nom tswv ob tog, criminal ntsiab uas tau raug txim ntawm domestic affairs, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws tog thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Ntawm cov uas poob cev qhev tau teev nyob rau hauv ntxhw zaum thiab ntxias, sau ntawv, paj huam, kev cai dab qhuas cov thawj coj ntawm Russia: xibfwb, kos duab historian AE Anisimov, ID historian Antsiferov inventor BA Artemyev, xibfwb SA Askol'dov historian BB Bakhtin, cov artist IE Braz, ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Decembrists AB Bobrishchev-Dushkin, kws sau paj lug MN Uab lag, ethnographer NN Vinogradov, txawj sau ntawv 0.B. Bolkiah, historian Herman Gordon, lub kws sau paj lug AK Gorsky, academician DS Likhachev, pov thawj, kws ntawv thiab lexicographer DA Florensky thiab lwm tus neeg.

Sights ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai complex

Kev cai thiab Historic Ensemble ntawm lub Solovetsky Islands - ib qho ntawm ib yam, nws nyob rau hauv lub meej mom thiab tiav ntawm tseem muaj sia nyob therein lossis thiab ceg, qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam, vaj tse nyob, muaj txuj ci, economic, waterworks, txoj kev network thiab dej medieval systems, raws li zoo raws li archaeological chaw, monuments, reflecting ancient thiab medieval domonastyrskuyu kob kab lis kev cai. Lawv cov concentrated nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub loj Islands tuaj archipelago, tab sis ib thaj nyuag thiab keeb kwm sib thooj, roos ib zaug xwb, indivisible tag nrho. Nws txawv Cheebtsam yog tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub archipelago thiab tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab North.

Lub constituent qhov chaw ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab kev cai complex Solovetsky archipelago yog:

• Lub monastery-fortress ntawm XV-XX centuries., Ib tug qub monastic hais sib haum ntawm XVI-XX centuries., Monasteries thiab deserts XVI-XX centuries.;
• Tua lub tsev pheeb suab kob hydraulic thiab dej systems;
• Ceg "sanctuary-chaw nres tsheb» III-Kuv millennia BC B. Zayatsky Anzersky thiab Islands tuaj;
• memorial vaj tse pawg ua hauj lwm Solovetsky camps 1923-1939 gg. nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug cib Hoobkas;
• Ntuj ua hauj lwm.

Center ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai complex ntawm lub archipelago yog lub Solovetsky monastery - ib tug holistic cim architectural khaub ncaws ntau. Nws siv yog ib tug zoo kawg li monumental, kaj ib tug neeg ua cim los ntawm ntau cov chaw thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub meej mom ntawm tag nrho cov nws qhov chaw.

lwm yam attractions

Archaeological thiab architectural monuments, historic qhov chaw thiab amazing khoom muaj lub npe hu rau yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov Solovetsky Islands. Sights tsim nyog tshwj xeeb xim muaj nyob rau ntawm cov hauv qab no islands:

• Anzersky: Trinity monastery (lub XVII), Trinity Koom Txoos (1880-1884), Khaulakhauthas-raug ntsia saum ntoo Skete (XIX).
• Big Zayatsky: Zayatsky (St. Andrew) monastery (lub XVI), pob tsuas Harbor, Pob zeb Chaw nres nkoj (lub XVI), lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Andrew.
• Feem ntau cov Muksalma: Sergiev hermitage (XVI), pob tsuas pas dej tauv, txuas Muksalma nrog loj Solovetsky Island (XIX).

muaj

Labyrinths Solovetsky Islands yog lub tsev mus rau 500 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov natural-hwv ceg Island muaj yeej ntawm endangered thiab tsis tshua muaj hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv txoj kev kawm, kev txuag thiab li ntawm cov zaum muab kev koom tes. Mus txog rau cov kob, koj yuav tau saib xyuas ntawm lub zos muaj, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nraus txawv txawv paj yuav ua tau ib tug tsawg hom. Nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv nram qab no muaj: Rhodiola rosea, daphne dog dig, Platanthera bifolia, Orchis pom, Dryopteris txiv neej, broad-leaved orchis, Siberian ntoo thuv, girchovnik sab qaum teb, lauzeleuriya recumbent, mustard thiab lwm yam Arctic hiav txwv.

Nqaum dej dawb Hiav txwv - ib qho ntawm lub richest thiab feem ntau tsim Algoflora pas (qhov chaw uas muaj cov 160 hom benthic algae).

fauna

Lub fauna ntawm cov kob los ntawm virtue ntawm cov kev cai ntawm lub Solovki archipelago thiab sab qaum teb qhov chaw tsis txawv ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj. Ob tug ntawm lawv hom nyob ntawm no ua tsaug tus txiv neej. Qhov no reindeer, coj mus rau cov kob nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo, thiab cov muskrat, uas nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub 1920s.

Richer nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm avifauna Islands tuaj. Noog nyob rau hauv Solovki kaw ze li ntawm 200 hom. Co muaj "Liab phau ntawv": dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, osprey, ntau shelduck, ib tug tuag thaum xaus. Ntawm exceptional kev txaus siab yog ib qho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tus loj tshaj plaws zos ntawm arctic tern thiab Russia lub loj tshaj plaws pawg ntawm gulls broody. Qhov loj tshaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm hom faib Solovetsky Island.

Ntawm marine tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntug hiav dej ntawm cov ringed foob, Beluga whale, bearded thiab harp cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov kob ntawm Anzer maturation cai loj ntawm pinnipeds thiab lub thaj ib sab ntawm lub loj loj Solovetsky Island haum pab dawb whales txog li ob peb puas tus neeg.

ecotourism

Lub archipelago yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg kev txaus siab rau cov neeg uas hlub xwm. Tsis tsuas yog rau kev mus saib xyuas tus naas ej monastery ntawm tourists tuaj mus rau lub Solovetsky Islands. Xwm attractions kuj tsim nyog ntawm cov xim. Kuj ceeb tias varied ua hauj lwm pub nyob rau hauv ib tug compact cheeb tsam mus laij los ntawm cov hav zoov, txaus siab rau cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm ntsuab meadows thiab cov pas dej loj, soj ntsuam cov tsiaj qus.

Cim bays ntawm lub archipelago. Zoo nkauj, muaj ntau yam me me Islands tuaj Long Bay yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cev ntawm cov dej, uas yog inhabited los ntawm relict Arctic ntaub ntawv ntawm invertebrates, cov sawv cev zoo kaw ecosystem. Zoo nkauj Trinity Bay, yuav luag ib nrab dissecans Anzersky kob.

Qhov xwm ntawm tus Solovetsky archipelago muaj universal koj nqi, vim hais tias nws qhia qhov yooj yim post-glacial lub sij hawm ntawm lub geological keeb kwm ntawm lub sab qaum teb, lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lub stunning ua hauj lwm thiab yog ib tug vaj tse rau tsawg hom noog thiab loj noog zos. Cov neeg ntse nyob rau hauv leej niam xwm, nws yog ib pom zoo kom mus ntsib tus Solovetsky Islands.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau lub caij ntuj no Solovki

kev taw qhia ntawm qhov lawv nyob rau hauv lub vagaries ntawm cov huab cua thiab lub caij. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub zog yog heev tsawg, muaj li ib txwm mus ncig tebchaws nyob rau hauv cov kob yog tsuas los ntawm huab cua los ntawm Arkhangelsk:

• aircraft menyuam "Cua Nord" (IB-24) ya los ntawm «Talagi» tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv hnub Tuesday thiab hnub Sunday. davhlau lub sij hawm - 45 feeb.
• Los ntawm lub tshav dav hlau "Vaskovo" Friday lub tuam txhab ua hauj lwm flights "2nd AOAO" (L-410).

Yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau cov kob nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov

Nrog paub huab cua nab npawb ntawm cov kev xaiv mus xyuas lub Solovetsky Islands nce ho. Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub archipelago nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn ib tug los ze zog saib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus flights los ntawm Arkhangelsk, qhib thiab kev ntawm Karelia ntawm lub sij hawm no.

Los ntawm cov cheeb tsam mus rau Arkhangelsk pom zoo los ntawm lub dav hlau los yog tsheb ciav hlau. Rau cov tsheb hauv zos txoj kev yuav ua tau ib tug tiag tiag kev sib tw. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, rau Solovki, koj yuav tau txais tej huab cua. Flights ntawm «Talagi» tshav dav hlau (NordAvia) nqa tawm nyob rau hnub Tuesday, hnub Saturday thiab hnub Sunday. Los ntawm "Vaskovo" (2nd AOAO) - nyob Mondays, Wednesday, Fridays thiab Saturdays.

Qhov tseem romantic txoj kev - yog tau tej nkoj nquam ntawm lub Solovetsky Islands nyob rau hauv lub Karelian lub zos ntawm Belomorsk thiab Kem. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub nroog yuav tsum tau hu los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau Murmansk. Los ntawm cov pier Rabocheostrovsk (Kem) hnub sail ships rau Solovki "los daus loj" thiab "Vasiliy Kosyakov". nkoj "Sapphire" mus los ntawm Belomorsk. Cov islands kuj Ply "dej taxis" - me me tej nkoj nquam uas coj pilgrims thiab ib tug neeg tourists. Aircraft thiab tej nkoj nquam coj coob uas xam nrog rau cov ntsiab kob - Solovetsky.