Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: Tus sau "Sherlock Holmes" xwb thiab tsis yog

Detective, yog undoubtedly ib qho ntawm feem nrov thiab coj lwm yam hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Thawj qhov uas ua tawm kom siab thaum koj hnov lo lus no - ib tug detective soj qab qhov brutal tua ntawm concentration los yog intricate paub tsis meej. Tam sim ntawd nco qab lub npe ntawm tus naas ej rangers: Miss Marple, Allan Pinkerton, Erkyul Puaro thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Sherlock Holmes. Nws lub npe kuj yog ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg lub npe rau xa mus rau ib tug neeg uas amazing deductive txawj thiab advanced cov zajlus kom xav. Sau ntawv hais txog cov adventures ntawm lub detective twb ua classics ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub tias dab tsi yog cov neeg sau ntawm Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Born Arthur Conan Doyle (lub npe yog tej zaum sau ua "Doyle" vim hais tias kev cov nyom nrog cov English) Tej zaum 22, 1859 nyob rau hauv Edinburgh, Scotland, tus tub ntawm ib tug artist thiab kes duab vajtse. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus me nyuam tub txiv feem ntau haus, Arthur tau txais ib tug zoo yooj yim kev kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cuaj xyoos nws raug xa mus nyob deb nce tsev kawm ntawv. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv no taw tes cov txawj sau ntawv tau yuav tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis zoo puas: qias zaub mov, nchav, qhov uas tsis muaj theem ntawm kev qhia ntawv.

Tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv no tsis kaj siab qhov chaw ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawm "Sherlock Holmes" qhib nws lub txuj ci rau kev sau ntawv. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm no Arthur Conan Doyle los ua nrov ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg. Los ntawm kawg ntawm xya xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws txawm pib tsim nws tus kheej phau ntawv journal thiab sim koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub versification.

pib

Nyob rau hauv 1876, Doyle los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub Medical kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Edinburgh. Txoj kev tshawb no twb muab rau nws yooj yim, li ntawd, dawb lub sij hawm mob siab Arthur ntaub ntawv. Twb tau nyob rau nws xyoo thib peb, nws luam tawm ib tug dab neeg luv luv nyob rau hauv lub Scottish magazine nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus ntawv ntawm nws tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub influential periodical. Nyob rau hauv 1881 nws tau txais ib tug kws kho degree los ntawm tus sau ntawm Sherlock Holmes mus rau sab hnub poob teb chaws Africa li ib lub nkoj tus kws kho mob. Ua ntej no, los ntawm txoj kev, nws twb muaj qhov kev paub ntawm ntev voyage: kev ntoj ke mus kawm rau hauv lub Arctic yog tsis nyob rau hauv vain. Rov qab los ntawm ib tug voyage, Doyle pib mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho mob, ib tug ob peb xyoos doctorate nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.

Tab sis tom qab tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb, nws tsis nco qab txog creativity. Nyob rau hauv 1886, Arthur Conan Doyle lub npe hu ua ib tug prose txawj sau ntawv. "Lub Adventures ntawm Sherlock Holmes" - tus thawj dab neeg hais txog lub npe nrov detective - nyob rau hauv periodicals.

Koob meej thiab ... ntuav?

Nyob rau hauv 1889, Doyle thiab nws tus poj niam thiab ib tug tub ntxhais tawm hauv lub UK. Nquag tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob rau Austria, qhov uas nws kawm rau tej lub sij hawm muaj mus los ntawm kev tshuaj Ophthalmology, tab sis tom qab ib tug ob peb lub hlis, qhov ob peb rov qab mus rau London. Arthur rau tej lub sij hawm mus qhib ib tug private chaw ua hauj lwm, sim mus ua ke tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1891 kiag li tawm mus rau hauv lub ntug hu ua "Sherlock Holmes." Sau exciting dab neeg txhua txhua hnub yog ua ntau nrov, nws cia nws tus kheej mus thov ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj rau cov dab neeg, cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab periodicals twb txaus siab them xav tsis thoob nqi rau lub sij hawm mus sau Doyle. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Arthur mus nrog nws tsev neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, sau, qhia nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv 1897, nws rov qab mus rau lub UK, nws sim nws txhais tes raws li ib tug playwright - thiab lub ntiaj teb no tau txais ib tug theatrical version ntawm "Sherlock Holmes."

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm 1899 pib lub Anglo-Boer ua tsov ua rog. Thaum ces muab pov tseg ib tug series ntawm cov dab neeg "Sherlock Holmes" los ntawm pab dawb cov kws kho mob xa mus rau pem hauv ntej. Peb xyoos tom qab, Arthur Conan Doyle tau txais cov prefix "Sir" thiab lub npe ntawm Knight rau nws kev pab cuam mus rau lub Crown nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj ua tsov ua rog. Nws kev yog reflected nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "The Great Boer ua tsov ua rog."

tom qab

Tom qab tsov rog, Arthur tau ib zaug rov qab rau cov xyaum ntawm cov tshuaj, lub sij hawm no rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis txawm defeat nyob rau hauv lub zos kev xaiv tsa, yog li sai sai no uas cov tswv yim no. Nyob rau hauv 1906, tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam, nws yuav txiv rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm, thiab ib tug tshiab alliance theem nws tsis tsuas yog cov menyuam, tab sis kuj tshoov siab rau theatrical versions ntawm tej dab neeg los ntawm cov series "Sherlock Holmes": sau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog tau mus cuag zus tau tej cov "motley daim kab xev", raws li zoo raws li "Brigadier Gerard" thiab "Rodni Stoun" (nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, lub npe twb hloov mus rau "lub tsev Terperli"). Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, nws yog luam tawm "Hound ntawm cov Baskervilles" - ib tug tshiab hais txog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tus neeg mob cov ntse heev detective.

Tab sis qhov kev txiav txim ntawm domestic nqi yog invincible, li ntawd, nws tsis yog li ntawd nrog rau cov phaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ib zaug dua tuaj koom lub Cov Qib ntawm cov British tub rog tuaj pab dawb.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Rov qab nrog ib tug tshiab kev tsov kev rog, tus neeg sau ntawm "Sherlock Holmes" tim khawv spiritualism. Txawv txawv thiab, kuv lees, ib tug tsis tshua lus qhuab qhia ces thiaj li fascinated Doyle, uas nyob rau hauv 1922 nws ib zaug dua yoojyim teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab mus nrog nws tsev neeg mus rau lub tebchaws United States, qhov chaw uas nws npaj siab yuav coj tiag cov qib dab. Yuav luag ob xyoos nws siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev, ua kom nyiam tus loj tshaj tau tus naj npawb ntawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg esoteric tej lus qhia, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub lig twenties, Arthur Conan Doyle rov qab los rau cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv 1929, nws mus rau lub Nordic lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv uas sau tau nws phau ntawv tom kawg, tsis muaj feem xyuam rau twb tswj annoy nws Sherlock Holmes (tus sau txawm ib zaug sim tua nws, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm cov pej xeem siab twb yuam kom tsa cim).

Lub Xya hli ntuj 7, 1930 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle tuag. Nws yog nyob rau hauv '71.

xyaum nquag li

Dhau xws li ib tug tiag tiag li thiab txawv tshaj plaw duab ntawm Sherlock Holmes yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm nws sau pib tshwm sau ntawv qhia lawv lub zeem muag ntawm no txawv txawv cim. Dab neeg hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov detective sau thiab tus tub Artura Konana Doyle, thiab Franklin Roosevelt - ib qho ntawm feem nto moo US cov thawj tswj hwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub nineties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union muaj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov phau ntawv, "Sherlock Holmes" series ntawm lwm tus sau phau (A. Shaburina V. Petrina, M. Trushina kuv T. D.), yim pab uas tus tshiab cov dab neeg twb pom nyob rau hauv lub thawv rau khaub ncaws ntawm Dr. Watson . Number of xyaum nquag li ntse heev Doyle yeej loj loj, thiab tej zaum nyob rau hauv txhua txhua version ntawm cov dab neeg hais txog tus ntse heev detective, muaj ib yam dab tsi wonderfully intriguing.