"Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas": yog dab tsi lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj"?

Turgenev, tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, nto moo tsis tsuas yog rau cov nws cov khoom, tiam sis kuj zoo heev ntawm sab ntsuj plig zoo. Sau ib tug series ntawm cov dab neeg, "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas", nws muaj peev xwm los txhawb cov huab tais Alexander II, uas, tom qab nyeem ntawv nws, txiav txim siab los tshem serfdom. Qhov no voj voog muaj xws li zaj dab neeg ntawm Woodward Biryukov. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj"? Peb yuav sim kom paub.

Lub zog lub neej ntawm lub peasants

Cov zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj" - ib tug ntawm cov 25 dab neeg ntawm lub voj voog "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas". Lub cev nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib tug neeg yos hav, uas yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm involuntary xwm txheej.

Lub ntsiab cim, Lub Xyooj, hais rau peb ib tug muaj zog, siab tawv txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tiag tiag nws lub npe yog Thomas Kuzmich. Nws lub npe menyuam yaus, uas txhais tau tias "ib tug twm zeej, morose txiv neej," nws tau txais vim nws pom thiab tej yam lub neej tshwm sim.

Yav tas los, nws zoo siab heev txiv neej: muaj ib tsev neeg, ob tug me nyuam, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug forester, tiv nqa tawm lawv ua hauj lwm. Tab sis qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej lub neej tau hloov: nws tus poj niam, tawm hauv nws thiab cov me nyuam tau ploj mus rau lub nroog txiv neej. Lub Xyooj tab sis tsis limp, nws kuj txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm thiab ua neej nyob, muaj ob tug me nyuam, ib tug ntawm lawv ib tug me nyuam tub. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj hais ib zaug, yog dab tsi lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj." Qhov no nyuaj pluag lub neej thiab ib tug muaj zog cwm pwm forester, thiab ib tug kev ntxeev ntawm tus poj niam nws hlub. Xav txog lwm yam uas yuav pab tau kom peb paub lub ntsiab tseem ceeb.

Kuv lub tsev - kuv fortress

Yog li ntawd hais tias tag nrho cov uas muaj lawv tus kheej ru tsev saum koj lub taub hau. Yog lub tsev pheeb suab forester fortress? Nco qab yuav ua li cas Turgenev "ua" tus neeg tua tsiaj thiab tus nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag lub tsev pheeb suab. Nws tsis muaj lub txee, tsuas yog ib qhov cub, cov neeg muaj mus pw tsaug zog rau hauv pem teb. Hluas nkauj, kiag li liab qab, los ntawm lub chav tsev - tus ntxhais Biryuk. Childhood nws Dais me ntsis resemblance rau kev lom zem lub sij hawm nws zoo tom qab tus me nyuam, uas yog tseem heev me me, thiab pw nyob rau hauv ib tug menyuam txaj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov tsaus ntuj nti thiab dingy, uas yog to taub - tsis muaj hluas nkauj. Yeej muaj tseeb, cov neeg laus poj niam. Tau tus me nyuam ntawm kaum ob xyoos ntawm kom raws kev raws nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab zoo saib xyuas ntawm tus me nyuam yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua. Txawm li cas los, Thomas tus ntxhais tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi yog tsis txaus siab, cia li dutifully co ntxias lis menyuam txaj nrog ib tug me nyuam.

Nrog khoom noj uas lawv ib yam nkaus thiab sib: Cov Xyooj yuav tsis muaj cov neeg yos hav tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis khob cij thiab dej, thiab tus me nyuam muaj nqus cia li qias neeg kub. Tsev neeg muaj ib tug heev nyuaj. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj"? Undoubtedly, cov neeg txom nyem, tab sis lub dag lub zog ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg, uas twb tsis tau mus ua txhaum qhov kev tshwm sim.

Muaj zog thiab lawm

Lub Xyooj tshwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm peb thawj thawj lub sij hawm illuminated los ntawm cov dawb xob laim. Sau ib zaug tsom peb no hero nrog muaj zog nqaij, siab thiab zoo-ua. Tab sis yog nws thiab tu siab heev, tab sis tseem muaj ib tug zoo heev tus txiv neej. Nws tsis tau muab tus neeg tua tsiaj yuav tau txais ntub nyob rau hauv lub nag, thiab muaj tos nws tawm nyob rau hauv nws cov neeg pluag lub tsev pheeb suab. Vim li cas thoob plaws zaj dab neeg, peb pom xws li ib tug muaj zog, tiam sis tu siab heev tus txiv neej? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub neej yog ib qhov nyuaj heev rau nws. Uas los ntawm nws tus poj niam, nws twb tshuav nrog ob tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem. Tseem ua ntej peb qhia lwm sab ntawm nws tus cwj pwm - responsiveness. Ntawv pov thawj - cov dab neeg uas ib tug tub sab uas xav txiav down hauv lub hav zoov nyob rau hauv ib thaj tsam tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug forester Biryukov.

Tag nrho cov peasants paub hais tias Thomas tsis muaj ib tug yuav nco, yuav tsis pub mus ua tub sab ntoo. Nws tsis tau coj bribes, txawm lawv txom nyem, honestly ua lawv ua hauj lwm. Lwm ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj" - Lavxias teb sab tib neeg kev ncaj ncees, lub luag hauj lwm rau cov neeg uas muab nws nrog xws li ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm.

Serfdom - tsis muaj! Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj"?

Peb tswj kom nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi txog tej yam tsa Turgenev nyob rau hauv nws zaj dab neeg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias muaj lub siab xav mus tshem serfdom thaum qhia tau hais tias yog dab tsi lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj." Thomas thiab tus txiv neej-tub sab - serfs. Yuav ua li cas ua neej nyob txhua ib tug ntawm lawv? Heev, txom nyem heev. Tab sis yog hais tias tus thawj - ib tug muaj zog thiab ncaj ncees txiv neej, tus lwm yam yog npaj txhij mus rau qhov ua txhaum tsoo tawm ntawm kev txom nyem. Nws mus rau hauv ib ncig, uas yog guarded los ntawm ib tug zoo-paub Biryuk, thiab ntawm koj tus kheej uas muaj feem yuav chopping ntoo. Tab sis nws ntes tau. Tiam sis ntawm no nws qhia tau hais tias nws tsis muaj zog, txo nws hwj siab rau pity, offends Biryuk rau tag nrho cov txhais tau tias mus. Thiab Thomas, lub caij no, tsis kam muab cov nyiaj rau cov tom hav zoov npaj gentleman-yos hav zoov, los cawm tus txiv neej.

Cov zaj dab neeg "Lub Xyooj" yog sau los ntawm Turgenev raws li ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv serfdom. Nws qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas nyuaj lub neej yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ib tug serf. Thiab yuav ua li cas txawv neeg coj nyob rau hauv tej yam nyuaj.

Peb yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv era, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yooj yim rau to taub yog vim li cas lawv khwv tau.