Plato lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tswv yim: qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb hav zoov

Plato yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb philosophers nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Raws li tus tub ntawm ib tug aristocrat thiab ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Socrates, nws, raws li nws tus tij laug Diogenes Laertius, muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug synthesis ntawm cov theories ntawm Heraclitus, Pythagoras thiab Socrates - uas yog, tag nrho cov neeg sages uas yuav muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Lub Ius qhuab qhia thawj Plato lub tswv yim - yog tus thawj thiab central taw tes ntawm tag nrho cov philosophy ntawm creativity. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej nws sau 34 kev sib tham, thiab tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev yuav tau piav los yog hais no ziag no. Nws permeated tag nrho cov philosophy ntawm Plato. Kev tshawb xav ntawm cov tswv yim yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb theem ntawm tsim.

Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv - lub sij hawm no tom qab kev tuag ntawm Socrates. Ces tus philosopher sim piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv xws tham raws li "symposia" thiab "Crito", tshwm thawj zaug rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm meej zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj. Qhov thib ob theem - lub neej ntawm Plato nyob rau hauv Sicily. Muaj nws raug tshoov los ntawm cov Pythagorean tsev kawm ntawv thiab kom meej meej formulated nws "lub hom phiaj idealism." Thiab thaum kawg, cov thib peb theem - zaum kawg. Ces Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim mas yuav kis tau ib tug ua tiav cim thiab meej qauv yog raws li peb tam sim no paub nws.

Nyob rau hauv lub twb hais sib tham "symposia", los yog "tsiab peb caug", lub philosopher Socrates 'has lug hab nyob rau piv txwv qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej yuav ua li cas lub tswv yim (los yog essence) Kev zoo nkauj yuav ua tau zoo dua thiab ntau dua tseeb dua nws yav dhau los incarnations. Nws yog muaj hais tias nws thawj qhia lub tswv yim tias lub ntiaj teb uas muaj tej yam thiab lub paub tab paub xav phenomena - tsis yog tiag. Tom qab tag nrho cov khoom uas peb pom, peb hnov, sim, yuav tsis muaj ib yam. Lawv yog lossi hloov, thiab tuag muaj. Tab sis lawv muaj nyob vim hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib yam dab tsi los ntawm lub siab, yeej muaj tseeb kev thaj yeeb. Nws muaj ib tug txawv dimension disembodied rov qab dluab. Plato lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tswv yim hu lawv Eidos.

Lawv yeej tsis hloov, tsis txhob tuag thiab tsis yog yug. Lawv yog cov nyob mus ib txhis, thiab vim hais tias lawv lub neej yog qhov tseeb. Lawv tsis yog nyob ntawm seb dab tsi, los yog ntawm qhov chaw los yog lub sij hawm, thiab tsis txhob xa daim ntawv dab tsi. Cov prototypes ntawm ob lub ua, xwm, thiab lub ntsiab ntawm tej yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv sawv cev rau ib co kuaj, uas tsim lub tsos ntawm peb cov khoom thiab phenomena. Thiab tag nrho cov creatures uas muaj tus ntsuj plig, yuav mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm yeej muaj tseeb hav zoov, qhov chaw uas muaj yog tej nuj nqis kev phem los yog kev tuag. Vim hais tias Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm hu Eidos thiab lub hom phiaj.

Qhov no yeej muaj tseeb thaj yeeb nyab xeeb yog pom zoo rau peb "hauv qab" tsis tsuas yog raws li ib daim ntawv luam ntawm daim tseem cia nrog, los yog lub essence ntawm lub phenomenon. Nws kuj muaj ib tug ncaj ncees faib - zoo thiab kev phem. Tom qab tag nrho Eidos kuj muaj ib qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li peb tej yam uas yog rooted nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv no tsab, muab yug mus rau lwm yam yog vim li cas thiab lub hom phiaj, yog lub Absolute. Qhov no yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov Good. Tsuas yog nws yog lub hauv paus ua kom muaj tsis tsuas zoo, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj thiab sib raug zoo. Nws yog faceless thiab sawv saum toj no txhua yam, xws li Vajtswv. Nws crowns lub pyramid tswv yim. Vajtswv tus Creator yog nyob rau hauv Plato lub system ntawm cwm pwm, ib tug qis pib, tab sis nws yog heev ze rau lub ntsiab eidos Zoo.

Cov heev lub tswv yim yog nyob mus ib txhis thiab transcendental nyob rau hauv relation mus rau kev sib sau ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Nws generates (los ntawm Vajtswv tus creator) Eidos nceeg vaj, yeej muaj tseeb hais tias. Lub tswv yim tsim "lub ntiaj teb no tej ntsuj plig." Nws yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm lub theem sab. Txawm sab - ib tug xav txog tej yam lub neej, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tej yam. Thiab cov heev dhau theem yuav siv sij hawm qhov teeb meem, uas yog yeej tseem zoo ib tug uas tsis-qab. Tag nrho cov ntseeg ntawm tus system yog ib tug pyramid ntawm cov hav zoov. Qhov no yog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Plato lub tswv yim uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.