Paub cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (hauv daim ntawv)

Leej twg yog cov kev cai? Qhov no yog ib tug neeg koom nyob rau hauv nom tswv kev ua si ntawm ib tug kws theem. Lawv tuav nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes ib tug colossal lub hwj chim. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tuaj mus rau hauv daim teb no los ntawm kev huam yuaj los yog vim tej yam. Tej nuj nqis thaum lub sij hawm pib mus nyob ib niche nyob rau hauv lub tswj ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, muaj cov neeg uas yog politicians los ntawm Vajtswv. Lawv muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov teeb ntawm koj tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, raws li zoo raws li charisma, li ntawd, lub masses ntawm cov neeg lawv tus kheej xaiv rau lawv raws li lawv cov thawj coj, kom haj yam tso siab lawv txoj hmoo thiab lawv ob txhais tes npaj txhij mus ua raws li lawv mus txog thaum kawg. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm no peb tuaj ob peb npe, uas yuav muaj xws li cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia, muaj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg.

XVI-XVII centuries

Kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 16th, Russia yog ib tug cais ntawm cov thawj, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav suav hais tias ib tug nom tswv thiab lub xeev cov thawj coj ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws yog nej ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv lub quab ntawm txawv teb chaws invaders. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov neeg tsiv los ntawm tus neeg uas txiav txim siab los tsa cov neeg mus tua cov "occupiers". Yog li ntawd, cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws liberation taw yog cov thawj nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia. Ntawm no yog cov npe ntawm ib co ntawm lawv.

• Kuzma Minin. Tu siab, lub caij nyoog hnub nws yug los nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj, tiam sis nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws yog ib lub teb chaws hero thiab organizer ntawm lub teb chaws liberation nriaj.
• Tub huabtais Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - collaborator Minin nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub teb chaws militia. Monument rau cov ob nuj nqis emblazoned rau cov liab Square.
• Tab sis tus thawj coj ntawm lub pluag ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1670-1671 xyoo ntawm Stepan Razin (1630-1671), lub Cossack Ataman khaws cov masses tiv thaiv cov tsarist regime. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm medieval Lavxias teb sab txheem.

Nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Russia

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter lub Great tus ntxhais Elizabeth thiab nws tus muam tus ntxhais Anny Ioannovny thiab Catherine II thiab nws tus tub Paul kuv, muaj ntau cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tag nrho cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv lub teb chaws.

Tus thawj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws neeg, tej zaum, yuav tsum tau lub npe ntawm Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj thawj coj tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yeej tsis poob ib tug sib ntaus sib tua.

Tub huabtais Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), ib tug naas ej diplomat thiab kawm, tiv thaiv cov kev txaus siab ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab lub Netherlands. Nws yog cov phooj ywg nrog rau cov Fabkis philosophers xws li Voltaire.

Followers ntawm Catherine II

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas Ekaterina Velikaya tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ib tug palace coup. Ib qho ntawm nws organizers yog ib tug nyob ze associate ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej Empress - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Sib nrug los ntawm nws thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub huab tais muaj lwm yam Lavxias teb sab politicians, uas tau raug tsim, ua tsaug rau qhov haum ntawm hluas nkauj ntawm lub xeev. Lawv cov npe: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, etc. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau sau tag nrho cov favorites ntawm Catherine II, tab sis yuav luag txhua txhua ib tug ntawm lawv muaj ib co cawv rau txoj cai. lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Tus thawj revolutionaries

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm tus poj huab tais ntawm lub aforementioned ib qho ntawm feem enlightened minds ntawm lub sij hawm yog Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). Progressive thiab revolutionary xav nws yog ua ntej ntawm nws lub sij hawm, txhawb lub abolition ntawm serfdom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Followers ntawm nws lub tswv yim twb revolutionary Lavxias teb sab Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), kws sau paj lug thiab essayist, raws li zoo raws li nws ze phooj ywg Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - ib tug theorist ntawm anarchism, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Fabkis, German thiab Czech kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848-1849 .
Lawv "tus nrog sib ntaus" yuav tsum tau hu ua Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - lub omnipotent Tsar Alexander I.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, mas cov nuj nqis tsis tau hu ua Sergei Witte (1849-1915). Nws pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev yuav tsis muab piv nrog ib yam dab tsi. Koj yuav hais tias ua tsaug rau nws lub tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws tau ua ib tug zoo leap rau pem hauv ntej.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th (pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm)

Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv arena tuaj ib tug ntau ntawm ob tog, lub Mensheviks, lub Bolsheviks, lub Octobrists, lub Social Revolutionaries, lub Social Democrats, populists, thiab lwm yam lawm, cov thawj coj ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm tau yooj yim ua ib daim ntawv teev "Cov politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Russia (pib). ".

Ntawm lawv, cov feem ntau tseem ceeb daim duab yog George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - ib qho ntawm lub Menshevik cov thawj coj. Thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1907. Nws tau active nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam cov Bolshevik tactics thiab lub tswv yim. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), uas yog lub npe hu los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws twb xaiv lub taub hau ntawm lub ntus tsoom fwv tom qab lub bourgeois kiv puag ncig, rau nws cov nom tswv views yog SR. Lwm tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab politician yog Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Nws yog tus tswj ntawm KDPR, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov leading mas-monarchist ob tog ntawm lub teb chaws. Mus rau ardent monarchists kuj muaj xws li loj tswv av thiab politician Peter Stolypin. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - lub commander ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub post-revolutionary lub sij hawm sawv counter-revolutionary views. Ib yam yuav hais tau ntawm Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) thiab Anton Denikin. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, lawv bossed Dawb khwb pab tub rog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Russia cov counter-revolutionary rog tswj Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), los yog raws li nws yog hu ua nyob rau hauv cov neeg, Makhno. Kom nws credit ntau tshaj ib tug neeg ua phem ua. Nws tau koom lub tog ntawm anarchists.

Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv

Cov zoo-paub cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia kom ntau li ntau 73 xyoo raug xam tias yog heroes. Lawv lub neej yog legends, sau novels, lawv cov npe twb hu ua lub zos, factories thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, Komsomol thiab Pioneer squads. Lawv yog cov thawj coj ntawm lub Bolsheviks, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej - lub Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). Yug nyob rau hauv 1870, nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1924 raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug neeg ua phem ua. Tus paub txog, revolutionary, ib tug muaj koob nom tswv daim duab. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, nws twb paub ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Soviet Union - ib lub teb chaws tsim rau nws kev pom zoo.

Associate ntawm Lenin thiab ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Bolshevik revolutionaries yog Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946). Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tau raug xaiv los tswj ntawm lub Central Executive Committee ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - tus naas ej Cheka Dzerzhinsky, ntawm uas phem nyuam qhuav hnov ntau yam. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ideological revolutionaries, txawm hais tias los ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg. Yuav luag los ntawm lub thawj hnub ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub eeb, nws tau los ua tus neeg Commissariat ntawm Internal Affairs.

Leon Trotsky (lub npe tiag tiag Bronstein) raws li ib tug zoo heev revolutionary thawj coj ntawm lub Soviet Union. Txawm li cas los, tom qab Lenin tus tuag, nws pib mus rau thuam lub Soviet coj noj coj ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Stalin, rau cov uas nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub teb chaws. Thaum mus yuam kev los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, nws hais nyob rau hauv Mexico, nyob qhov twg pib sau ib phau ntawv hais txog Yauxej Dzhugashvili - tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm lub Soviet neeg. Nws yog Stalin uas kom lub liquidation ntawm Trotsky. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1940 nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tua.

General Secretary ntawm lub CPSU

Leej twg yuav zoo yuav zoo dua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tshaj lub USSR thiab Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cov thawj coj (tom qab lub USSR cev qhuav dej). Cov lawv cov ua txoj hauj lwm nyob los ntawm cov thawj secretaries ntawm lub pariah. Hauv qab no yog tag nrho cov daim ntawv teev.

• Yauxej Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Nws mus rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm thawj coj KP tom qab Lenin tuag. Niaj hnub no, nws lub npe yog txuam nrog kev nrujtsiv tsuj ntawm ntau tshaj ob lab ntawm dawb huv Soviet cov pej xeem, thiab liam rau tag nrho cov ntawm no yog ib tug pathological mistrust ntawm lub Soviet thawj coj.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Txij li thaum 1953, nws tau raug xaiv los thawj secretary ntawm lub CPSU Central Committee. lub sij hawm ntawm lub "thaw" pib nrog qhov pib ntawm nws reign. Muaj ntau ntawm cov repressed pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub camps raug tso tawm thiab rehabilitated. Txawm li cas los, lub ntiaj teb no yuav nco nws vim hais tias ntawm nws eccentricities nyob rau hauv lub UN General Assembly nrog, tsoo lub podium nws khau.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). Nws era twb cim los ntawm txoj kev vam meej, kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev xiab nyiaj.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Qhov no seemingly nyob ntsiag to thiab unremarkable txiv neej, ua ntej ua lub thawj secretary ntawm lub KP, taws lub KGB, uas ua tim khawv rau nws zoo kawg li kev txawj ntse thiab tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia. Tom qab Brezhnev tuag, nws tau raug tsa ua tus ncej ntawm thawj secretary ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm lub teb chaws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no ncej nws tseem tsis dhau lawm ntev, cia li 2 xyoo.
• Cov tom ntej no secretary ntawm Konstantin Chernenko kuj luv luv coj cov Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union, tsuas yog ib lub xyoo. Hais txog nws ua si, ob peb cov neeg niaj hnub no yuav nco ntsoov.
• Thiab thaum kawg, qhov kawg kev secretary ntawm lub CPSU - Mikhail Gorbachev. Nws kuj los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Soviet Union. Cwj pwm rau nws tau raug tov ntawm cov neeg. Nrog nws lub npe yog txuam nrog perestroika, glasnost, lub cev qhuav dej ntawm inter-regional tsis sib haum, lub disintegration ntawm lub tebchaws no, lub teb chaws - neeg koom ntawm lub Warsaw Pact, lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Berlin phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam

Politicians uas niaj hnub Russia

Thaum pib ntawm daim ntawv teev, ntawm chav kawm, yog cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub tshiab Lavxias teb sab xeev. Thiab thawj ntawm lawv yog Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. Nws yog ib tug qub communist activist, tab sis kuj los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ib qho kev ywj Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab cov thawj ncha raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nyob rau hauv 2000, nws yog rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas twb yuam kom resign.

Tom qab Yeltsin tus ncaim ntawm cov nom tswv scene ntawm nws cov hauj lwm tau ib ntus muab rau ib tug tsis paub cov tub ntxhais Petersburger Putin. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, tsis muaj nom tswv thawj coj ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st Russia yuav tsis lwv nrog nws nyob rau hauv muaj koob meej ntawm cov neeg. Nws twb ob zaug raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub hwj huam loj, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thib ob lub sij hawm muab lub reins rau nws compatriot Dmitry Medvedev, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm noj cov ncej ntawm prime minister. Txawm li cas los, tom qab thawj lub sij hawm Medvedev xa rov qab "thawj tswj baton" Putin, thiab nws coj cov ncej ntawm prime minister. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Rau peb lub sij hawm no muab tshaj raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Cov thawj coj ntawm nom tswv ob tog nyob rau hauv Russia

Raws li qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tus Lavxias teb sab xeev, ib tug tswv tsev ntawm nom tswv ob tog, cov uas qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov "United Russia", "Kua", lub siab dav ywj pheej Party, lub Communist tog, thiab lwm leej lwm tus. Lawv cov thawj coj feem ua Vladimir Putin thiab Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Qhov saum toj no cov npe ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab mas cov nuj nqis, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau hu ua tiav. muaj ntau ntau tiam dhau ib tiam. Txawm li cas los, cov npe ntawm cov politicians uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv, nws yog ua tau rau lub npe tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.