Ntsias birch

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm birch ntoo, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua yog haum rau siv nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los nce ntsias birch yog siv nyob rau hauv landscaping teb thiab suburban cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub qus no tsob nroj yog pom nyob rau hauv Yakutia thiab West Siberia, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Russia thiab Kamchatka. Txawv teb chaws, ntsias birch hlob nyob rau hauv North America thiab sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe. Tej zaum, qhov no tsob nroj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub roob, 300 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Alps nws hlob nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 2000 m. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub tundra, nyob rau ntxhuab bogs, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, lub alpine tsam thiab lub tundra qhov no zoo ntawm birch ntaub ntawv ib tug tas mus thickets hu ua nyob rau hauv "Rivals" cov neeg. Thaum no tsob nroj sab qaum teb siv raws li roj thiab pub rau reindeer. Nyob rau hauv lub reserves nws yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev.

Qhov no yog ib deciduous silnovetvisty, tsis tshua muaj hav txwv yeem 1.2 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab nce mus yuav luag ib nrab upright liab qab tua nrog ib tug xim av ua kiav txhab. Nws npawv nplooj raug teem ib zaug. Lawv muaj ib tug ntev ntawm ob thiab ib tug ib nrab centimeters thiab ib tug tshaj plaws dav - ib centimeter. Cov nplooj muaj ib tug sib npaug saum toj thiab shirokoklinovidnoe puag. Ntug ntawm lamina blunt-toothed. Xim yoojyim - tsaus ntsuab, glossy, lawv saum thiab hauv qab ib tug me ntsis nplaum thiab sib zog. Petioles yog me me - txog li 6 hli nyob rau hauv ntev.

Txij li thaum nws hlob nyob rau hauv tus mob rocky, hav iav thiab tundra xau, nws muaj ib tug ntiav paus system. Birch ntsias muaj melenkie paj, inconspicuous, unisexual Inflorescences tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv-tsej rau 1.5 cm nyob rau hauv ntev thiab hais txog 0.5 cm nyob rau hauv dav. Cov teeb xim av Inflorescences nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm sab ceg. Ntsias birch tawg txawm ua ntej lub nplooj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no nroj tsuag yog me me thiab roos elliptical noob txiv them nrog nqaim membranous tis nyob rau sab. Lawv siav nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj.

Qhov no hom ntawm Birch yog muab faib ua ob subtypes:

- exilis (tsis downy, nplaum nplooj thiab cov tub ntxhais tua npawv zoo mus txog 1.5 cm), nws hlob nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Asia thiab sab qaum teb Canada thiab Alaska;

- Nana (muaj ib tug me ntsis plaub, uas tsis yog-nplaum, cov tub ntxhais tua, yoojyim ib tug ntev ntawm ntau dua tshaj li 2.5 cm), muab faib nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob Asia, thiab cov Alps, Greenland, thiab Canada (txog Baffanova lub ntiaj teb.).

Birch, muab qhia tawm uas yog teem tawm saum toj no, tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim. Kev cai khoom yuav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb khw muag khoom noj, raws li txwv mus loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov, xav tias zoo nyob rau hauv txhua climatic ib ncig chaw ntawm Russia thiab ntse propagated los ntawm cuttings. Qhov no graceful birch muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub nplhaib. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug sib npaug koog puav mus txog 1 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab, uas yuav tsum tau me me los yog tsis muaj kev pruning. Zoo nkauj nws zoo nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg plantings, rau cov Alpine toj thiab nyob rau hauv rockeries. Tshwj xeeb yog impressive ntsias birch nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum nws cov nplooj yog xim nyob rau hauv kaj daj los yog liab doog xim. Tsob ntoo txig yog qhov loj tshaj plaws frosts. Heev zoo looks yog ib tug nroj tsuag nrog rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm evergreen ntsias conifers.

Ntsias birch loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv acidic thiab weakly acidic vaj av thiab peat. Qhov no nroj tsuag yog tsis heev demanding, tab sis nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-zes qhov chaw. Cov laus cov ntawv luam ntawm cov Koran yuav gray-dub xim. Nws yog heev yooj yim mus tshem tawm, li ntawd, txiav lub bushes (yog tias tsim nyog) yuav tsum tsuas yog ntse txiab.

Qhov no nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm yuav cog nrog zoo txog hom birch:

- glandular (lub American zoo, zoo li ib tug ntsias, tab sis, nrog loj nplooj thiab ntau dua);

- Finnish (hybrid verrucosa birch thiab ntsias me me nplooj);

- Middendordfa (muaj loj sib npaug nplooj).