Nihilist - ib tug cynic los yog ib tug xav ua kom tau txiv neej?

Nihilism raws li ib tug philosophical tswvyim posits nram no: yog tsis muaj morality, uas yog hu ua tiag tiag; tsis muaj dab tsi kom meej meej qhia lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug zoo tshaj plaws creator ntawm txhua yam; hav zoov twb tsis muaj tseeb, yog tsis muaj txoj cai thiab tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev ua, objectively lawv tus nqi yog tib yam. Raws li tej zaum koj yuav twv, ib tug nihilist - ib tug disillusioned txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nihilism yog lub feem ntau sarcastic tswvyim qab lub daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm cynicism bitterness ntawm chim siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam thiab paub hais tias kom txhob hav zoov.

Western European nihilism

Cov feem ntau lug siv tias lub sij hawm muab lub nihilists ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nihilistic zog tau nrhiav ib tug tshwj xeeb tau, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob. Lub sij hawm "nihilism" twb ua ntej nkag tau F.G.Yakobi, German philosopher. Cov feem ntau cov tawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy nihilist - yog, ntawm chav kawm, Fridrih Nitsshe, ntseeg hais tias yeej muaj tseeb kev thaj yeeb (raws li nws yuav tsum tau raws li prohristianskih xav) tsis muaj nyob, hais tias nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib illusion, ib tug ntawv tseeb. Spengler lub tswv yim ntawm cov poob ntawm European kab lis kev cai, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus ntaub ntawv ntawm pem. Lwm zoo-paub nihilist - ib tug S. Kierkegaard, ntseeg hais tias cov ntseeg kev cai dab qhuas niaj ib ntsoog uas yog qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab nihilistic views.

Nihilism nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19

Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia pib ua lub zog uas tsis muaj tsim cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tus social lub zej lub zos. Proletariats sixties qhia atheism thiab materialism thiab luag thuam kev cai dab qhuas ideology. Cov feem nrov lub sij hawm "nihilism" yog vim tag nrho cov nto moo tshiab YOG Turgenev "Txiv thiab tub" thiab piav txog nws nihilist Bazarov. Common pej xeem mus ob peb vas heev raws li lub tswv yim ntawm nihilism, uas yog tus kis ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub masses.

Puas siab puas ntsws taw tes ntawm view

Cov neeg uas paub me ntsis txog psychology thiab xws li ib tug lub tswv yim raws li ib tug puas siab puas ntsws kev tiv thaiv, nws yuav cuab kev uas nihilism yog precisely rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm xws tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug nihilist - ib tug txiv neej desperately searching rau lub ntsiab lus thiab yog vim li cas nws qab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub puag ncig kev muaj tiag tsis tau raws li lub internal sawv cev ntawm ib tug neeg yuav ua li cas los ua ib tug yeej muaj tseeb ntiaj teb no, thiab qhov no contradiction yog reflected nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsis kam muab. Yog li ntawd, nihilism thiab nihilists yog analyzed los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm qhov tob psychology. Ib tug txiv neej yog torn ntawm ob tiam sis - lub siab xav rau txoj kev ywj pheej thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau teej tug mus rau ib tug pab pawg neeg. Lub muaj zog lub siab xav rau txoj kev ywj pheej, qhov ntau kho siab pom tau tias ib tug neeg yog nyob rau nws txoj kev. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Erich Fromm "khiav tawm txoj kev ywj pheej" piav qhia txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus tiv thaiv mechanism thaum cov neeg cia perceives no txoj kev ywj pheej - namely, lub siab xav mus ua kom puas lub ntiaj teb no (yam tsawg kawg los ntawm cov tsis kam muab ntawm nws) thiab muaj lub siab ua kom puas nws tus kheej li tsis tau lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov hav zoov. Proponents ntawm corporal mus kom ze nyob rau hauv psychology hais cov sab nraud yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug nihilist: ib tug ironic smirk, defiant tus cwj pwm, ironic lus hais. Qhov no yog enshrined nyob rau hauv lub kawg defensive tshua, uas tau nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov lus.

Yog li, nihilism - nws svoebrazny tib neeg lo lus teb rau dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug defensive cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ib tug pliaj yavlyaeniya kev muaj tiag.