Nekrasov "kev tsheb ciav hlau": ib tug luv luv zaj paj huam rau cov ntsiab lus

Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm no paj huam tau tau koob meej. Nws zaj paj huam "Leej twg Nyob Zoo nyob rau hauv Russia" thiab "te, Liab ntswg" hlub los ntawm cov neeg. Luam tawm kws sau paj lug hauv phau ntawv journal "Kawm" yog lub ncauj npog ncig ntawm kev cai ywj pheej. Nrog lub magazine collaborated haujlwm uas yog COy Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, YOG Turgenev, KUV Saltkov-Shchedrin, IA Goncharov, AI Ostrovsky.

Nyob rau hauv 1864 nws tau tsim ib tug paj huam Nekrasov "kev tsheb ciav hlau." Luv ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub keeb kwm teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv kwv huam

Lub triumph ntawm lub yeej xwb revolutionary Democrats cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj tsis tsuas Nekrasov. "Kev tsheb ciav hlau" - ib tug luv luv zaj dab neeg txog yuav ua li cas kom nqaim lub Scope ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws tau muab tso rau ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab overwork. Muaj tuag defenders ntawm cov neeg, cov critics ntawm lub sixties, uas yog hu ua "lub siab ntawm cov neeg": Dobrolyubov thiab Pisarev. Ncaim rau ib tug ntev link Chernyshevsky.

Hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1861, unprepared, landslide abolished serfdom. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias 75% ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv feudal Russia yog non-motorized. Yawg suab lub zos qhib rau capitalist kev sib raug zoo. Nws pib landslide devastation inefficient teb. Nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam muaj ib tug lossis loj loj ntawm yuav luag gratuitous zog. Yav tas los peasants mus rau tej chaw ua hauj lwm suab rau khoom noj khoom haus. Hnubpoob kev puas tsuaj. Raws li ib tug thiaj nyob rau txoj hmoo ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv journal "Kawm" nws luam tawm nws cov paj huam Nekrasov li "kev tsheb ciav hlau". Synopsis nws tam sim ntawd los ua qhov kev kawm ntawm kev sib tham nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab zej zog.

Lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm cov paj huam

Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai ua hauj lwm ntawm Nekrasov pib casually. Raws li yog hais watercolor pleev xim rau nws tus thawj poetic kab. Lig Autumn, "lub cev tsis kho cov dej khov," "hws khov dej", tab sis cov nplooj rau cov ntoo tsis tau muaj lub sij hawm mus rau "fade." Lyrically pib nws zaj dab neeg Nekrasov. "Kev tsheb ciav hlau" lawv cov ntsiab lus qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv txhob txwm maj.

Underage tub nyob rau hauv armyachke coachman thiab nws txiv-General mus rau ib tug taug los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Leej Tub, hais txog leej twg los ua nws, kuv txiv npe hu ua cov "Builder", "Suav Petr Andreevich Kleynmihel ..." Tab sis dozed tawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ib tug me nyuam ua npau suav ntawm qhov tseeb txog lub tuam tsev no, zoo li ib tug thriller. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv mob ntawm starvation yuav txiav txim siab rau tej kev ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv ib lub av nkos lub tsev pheeb suab, noj mov tsis zoo, tsis yog muaj ib tug so, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas thiab ntub, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm exhausting ua hauj lwm rau 12-14 teev. Kev ua hauj lwm tsis sib haum. Yudas-foremen kaw shortcomings ntawm txhua. Thaum nws tuaj lub sij hawm muab xam, foremen tso nplua, nws zoo heev txhua. Rau kev them nyiaj ua ib tug heev me ntsis, thiab feem ntau txawm yog cov builders twb vim. Ces tus neeg ua hauj lwm "muab" ib tug cask ntawm cawu cub, thiab cov nqe lus nug ntawm kev them nyiaj, yog li ntawd twb tua nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus. Recalcitrant pinpointing tuag. Tuag ntawm tus kab mob thiab qaug twb faus muaj. Txoj kev yog xyaum ua nyob rau hauv cov pob txha.

Vile system, tsis yog nws, nws rau lub Lavxias teb sab pej xeem lub tsev hais plaub Nekrasov? "Kev tsheb ciav hlau" cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov ncaj tawm tsam officially txais view. Nws lub tswv yim - cov ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov neeg, uas, tom qab tag nrho, yuav nrhiav tau ib tug tsim nyog destiny (leem "ib tug broad, luaj txoj kev ...). Incidentally, qhov no yog qhov khoom ntawm "tom hniav qawv qhov" nco txog nws censors thaum ob xyoos tom qab kaw hauv phau ntawv journal "Kawm", qhov twg nws twb luam.

Tab sis lub cim xeeb nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb, thaum ib tug ua hauj lwm Nekrasov "kev tsheb ciav hlau" tau hais khov kho thiab nrov nrov tsis nyuaj crushed los ntawm kev tsuj nyob rau hauv zej zog. Executive Summary yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi raws li ib qho kev sim "saib lub teeb" ntawm tus sau, kev kov yeej kev "lub ib tag hmo tsaus ntuj" Terry cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

xaus

History, hais no zaj paj huam no yeej muaj tseeb thiab qhia tau hais tias lub yeej muaj tseeb duab ntawm kev tsim kho Nikolaev railway. Nws saib xyuas nws siv unquestioningly loyal rau Nicholas kuv Railways Minister Adjutant General Kleinmichel Pyotr Andreyevich. Huab tais yog zoo siab rau nws subordinates. Honoring nws achievements, txawm minted nominal kub puav pheej, uas flaunted cov lus hais tias "Mob siab rau overcomes txhua yam." Nws style ntawm kev tsim kho lub koom haum yog ceev, tiam sis yeej ib txwm nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm tib neeg tuag. Cov neeg fiercely ntxub Kleinmichel. Yog li ntawd, tus tshiab huab tais Alexander II, uas tau los ua lub zwm txwv, pib ceev mus hloov cov ncej no odious daim duab.