Muaj ncaj hais lus piv txwv. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib kab lus uas ncaj hais lus

Niaj hnub no peb lub ntsiab lus - Kev nrog lawv hais lus. Piv txwv li proposals muaj nyob qhov txhia chaw: nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb, cov phau ntawv Magazine, nqi ntawv xov xwm, tseeb cov ntaub ntawv. Twb los ntawm lub npe "ncaj hais lus" nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau tus neeg sau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ceeb toom txog cov lus ntawm ib tug neeg raws nraim li lawv tau hais.

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes nws los ntawm ncaj qha indirect?

Nyob rau hauv ncaj qha hais lus tej daim ntawv khaws nws tus yam ntxwv - syntactic, lexical thiab stylistic. Nrog rau cov lus ntawm tus neeg sau nws yog txhua yam tsuas los ntawm cov suab thiab lub ntsiab lus, thaum uas seem ywj siab tsim.

Yog hais tias peb yuav sib tham txog cov tswv yim rau indirect hais lus, tus neeg sau qhia ib tug txawv teb chaws lus tsis muaj nws syntactic, lexical thiab stylistic nta, thaum cov lus tib cov ntsiab lus tsuas cov nqe lus. Ntxiv mus, nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj ntawm tus sau thiab lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm daim ntawv qhia yuav raug hloov.

Cia peb xav txog ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tswv yim nrog lawv hais lus. Piv txwv li lug yog raws li nram no:

• Ivan hais tias, 'Cia lub sai sai uberom chav kawm ntawv thiab mus rau hauv lub tiaj ua si! "
• "Hnub no nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub tshav kub - Anna hais tias. - Nws nkawd hais tias caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum kawg tuaj rau hauv nws tus kheej. "
• "Koj puas xav ib khob dej tshuaj yej?" - nug Daniel qhua.

Tam sim no peb yuav sim mus reformulate tib proposals nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tsis ncaj hais lus lawv siv indirect:

• Ivan muaj rau sai sai tas tu nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv thiab mus rau hauv lub tiaj ua si.
• Annan hais tias txoj kev yog unusually sov thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum kawg tuaj rau hauv nws tus kheej.
• Daniel nug nws cov qhua seb lawv xav haus dej haus tshuaj yej.

Koj pom qhov txawv? Tom qab ntawd peb mus ntxiv.

Tsim spelling tswv yim nrog lawv hais lus

Cim ntawm ncaj qha hais lus kis tau tus mob yog nyob ntawm seb cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txog rau tus sau cov lus.

Direct hais lus nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub kab lus

Tag nrho cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no sawv tawm quotes ( ""). Nyob ntawm seb lub hom tswv yim (narrative, exclamatory los yog interrogative) ntxiv kev hloov mus rau cov lus uas tus neeg sau tej zaum yuav sib txawv:

• rau declarative kab lus: "DIRECT HAIS LUS" - cov lus uas tus sau;
• rau exclamation (kev kub siab) muaj: "DIRECT HAIS LUS!" - cov lus uas tus sau;
• rau interrogative kab lus: "DIRECT HAIS LUS?" - cov lus uas tus neeg sau ntawv.

Xyuam xim! Nyob rau hauv declarative ua ke nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm hais yog tsis yog ib tug teev. Tab sis ib tug exclamation los yog nqe lus nug kos teem ib tug yuav tsum. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, declarative kab lus quotes tom qab ib tug tsis nco qab, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob - tsis muaj.

Muab piv txwv:

• "Nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov niaj hnub no yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov nceb," - said lub yawg.
• "Koj puas xav tias ib tug ntau ntawm cov nceb nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov niaj hnub no yog?" - tus tub nug.
• "Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam nceb nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov niaj hnub no!" - Jack qw hais tias.

Npaj kom txhij los mus nyob rau?

Direct hais lus nyob rau ntawm cov kab lus

Nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tej zaum nws yuav tsum muab tso rau ncaj tom qab tus sau cov lus. Ntawm no, txhua yam yog ntau yooj yim: cia li tom qab tus sau cov lus cov nyuv, thiab tag nrho cov quote dua uas xa tuaj nrog nyob rau hauv hais tias.

Peb xav txog tej proposals nrog lawv hais lus. Piv txwv tej zaum yuav raws li nram no:

• Anyà hais tias: "Kuv nyeem ib phau ntawv nthuav."
• Cov ntawv hais tias, "Koj twb tau nyeem cov phau ntawv, uas coj ib lub lim tiam dhau los?"
• Dima hais tias: "Kuv twb tsis tau nyeem ib tug ntau nthuav zaj dab neeg!"

Xyuam xim! Nyob rau hauv lub declarative kab lus thawj kaw hais kos, thiab ces ib tug teev. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj xav kom muab tso ib lo lus nug cim los yog exclamation point, nws yuav tsum tau tsis pub dhau ib tug hais.

Direct hais lus ntawm cov lus uas tus neeg sau

Yog hais tias ib tug quote los ntawm ib tug neeg cov lus dag nruab nrab ntawm ob tawg tsam ntawm tus sau cov lus, raws li yog hais tias tus saum toj no kev cai ua ke.

Hais tias yog, tom qab tus thawj lo lus ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov nyuv, thiab tom qab ntawd coj nws thiab tag nrho cov cim tias yog sau raws li yog hais tias peb yog sau ntawv ib lub tswv yim rau tus thawj txoj cai.

Nws yog tsis Clear? Ces sim ua ib tug kab lus nrog lawv hais lus ntawm no hom:

• Nws hais tias: "Niaj hnub no, no mas, nws yuav los nag" - thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab kaus.
• Igor nug hais tias, "Yuav ua li cas yog koj" - thiab muab ib tug bouquet ntawm wildflowers classmate.
• Kate tau qw, "Sai! Tag nrho cov nyob ntawm no! "- thiab pib waving nws txhais tes hnyav ncawv nyiam xim.

Koj twb paub cov kev cai, tab sis vim hais tias cov teeb meem nrog rau tej proposals yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho - cia li yuav ceev faj!

Direct hais lus, uas yog tu ncua los ntawm tus sau ntawv nyeem

Thiab qhov no yog heev nthuav hom muaj.

Raws li ib txwm pib nrog lawv hais lus quotes. Ua ntej tus sau cov lus, tsis nco qab thiab khiav ceev, thiab tom qab - cov teev, khiav ceev, thiab lub txuas ntxiv rau quote. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ncaj hais lus tseem nrog ib tug capital tsab ntawv! Thaum kawg ntawm lub quotes muaj kaw.

Saib cov xyaum li proposals nrog lawv hais lus. Piv txwv uas tej zaum yuav muab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no:

• "Wb yuav ib tug bouquet ntawm paj - Lena muaj. - Niam yuav nthuav. "
• "Niam tais hlub qhov kev pab no, - Roman hais tias. - Nws yawg muab. "

Xyuam xim! Yog hais tias vim kev sib tawg ntawm cov thawj feem ntawm ncaj qha hais lus loses nws semantic tiav thiab muaj ib tug kev xav ntawm understatement, tom qab tus sau cov lus yuav tsum muab tso rau ib tug tsis nco qab, thiab lub continuation ntawm ncaj qha hais lus yuav tsum tau pib nrog ib tug lowercase tsab ntawv.

• "Tsis phem, - hais tias Igor, - nws yuav yog ib tug taug kev nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv lub waterfront."
• "Kuv xav tias - nws sau tseg - hnub no tau cog lus tseg los nag."

Cias muab, yog hais tias tus lub tswv yim yuav tau muab faib ua ob, thiab tus nyeem ntawv yog tseem txhua yam yuav muaj tseeb - xav tau ib tug taw tes. Thiab yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov tawg tsam ntawm ncaj qha hais lus nyob ib leeg tsis muaj tej yam ntsiab lus, nws yog ib tug yog vim li cas rau muab tso rau ib tug tsis nco qab thiab mus txuas ntxiv qhov xav nrog ib tug lowercase tsab ntawv.

Parsing ua ke nrog lawv hais lus

Analysis ntawm proposals nrog lawv hais lus tsis txawv los ntawm lub cev parsing. Txawm li cas los, qhov yuav tsum tau rau, inter alia, mus rau npe rau tus sau thiab ncaj hais lus, lauj lawv (raws li nyias proposals), hais lub kawm tuab si lug ntawm cov cim tias, raws li tau zoo raws li kos ib daim duab.

Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, complex ua ke rau direct hais lus yog heev yooj yooj yim thiab straightforward. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - mus tsom xam txhua yam ntxwv thiab sim ua kom lawv tus kheej versions ntawm cov qauv no.