Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration: Ua thiab Kev Kho Mob

Txuag puas pom mus rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog yog heev yooj yim. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm pom maj poob. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov tib neeg nruab nrog cev pib "hnav tawm". Ib qho ntawm thawj cov qhov muag nqaij. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tsis pom kev deteriorates txij li thaum 40-45 xyoos. Qhov no tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob uas tus neeg muaj tsis yav tas los muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog lub zeem muag rau lub neej. Qhov muag plooj tsis pom kev tshwm sim maj. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog "far-sightedness", uas yog, lub cev tsis pom tej yam khoom uas nyob ze. Tej zaum, lawv tsim ntau teeb meem loj. Cov no muaj xws cov kab mob xws li cataracts, glaucoma, thiab hais txog. D. Lwm ntau kab mob no yog pom tau hais tias yuav muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration. Ib tug zoo xws li cov kab mob no yog txaus ntshai vim hais tias nws yuav ua tau kom tsis pom kev.

Lub tswvyim ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog degeneration ntawm lub retina

Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration (AMD) - ib tug pathology uas tsim vim degenerative dab nyob rau hauv lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog ncaj qha kev cob cog rua nrog lub paj hlwb (cov peripheral yog ib qho analyzer). Siv retinal xaav generated ntaub ntawv thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv nrig txog kev pom cov dluab. Nyob rau hauv peripheral nto ntawm lub analyzer muaj ib tsam uas muaj ib tug plurality ntawm receptors - rods thiab cones. Nws yog hu ua tus macula (daj chaw). Receptors hais tias ua li qhov chaw ntawm lub retina, muab pom xim nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub macula kom pom tseeb lub teeb. Nrog rau qhov no feature, ib tug neeg lub zeem muag yog txawv precision thiab clarity. Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration ntawm cov retina ua rau degeneration ntawm cov macula cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws undergoes hloov tsis tau tsuas yog cov xim txheej, tab sis kuj cov hlab ntsha pub cheeb tsam no. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kab mob no yog hu ua "muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration," nws muaj peev xwm tsim tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Feem ntau cov thawj tsos mob ntawm pathological kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag pib yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv 55 lub xyoos. Rau cov neeg laus thiab ua tem toob kab mob loj zuj zus mus rau lub point hais tias ib tug muaj peev xwm kiag li tsis muaj peev xwm mus saib.

Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration ntawm cov retina muaj feem xyuam rau ntau ailments. Feem ntau qhov no pathology ua tsis taus thiab tsis taus. Nws yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Amelikas no, cov teb chaws Asia thiab teb chaws Europe. Tu siab, tus kab mob yog feem ntau paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub lig theem. Nyob rau hauv cov zaum nws yog tsim nyog mus rau chaw uasi rau kev phais. Txawm li cas los, nrog raws sij hawm kho kev kho mob, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntsuas nws yog ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev phais thiab pathology teeb meem (dig muag).

Cov ua muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration

Zoo li tag nrho cov kab dab, tus kab mob nyhav tau qeeb thiab hnyav dej. Cov ua sib hloov nyob rau hauv lub macula ntawm lub retina tej zaum yuav txawv. Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv yog cov involution ntawm lub qhov muag nqaij. Cuaj kaum, ib txhia neeg muaj tus kab hloov tshwm sim ntau sai heev, thaum lwm tus neeg - maj mam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntseeg hais tias muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration yog pub (genetic), thiab yog tus nais khu nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg ntawm European keeb kwm. Yuav tsum tau ua ntaus nqi mus rau lwm yam muaj tej yam: haus luam yeeb, tawg, nquag raug rau lub hnub. Los ntawm no peb yuav qhia hais tias tus ua rau macular degeneration. Cov muaj xws li:

1. Vascular txhab. Ib tug ntawm cov uas muaj feem yuav yam tseem ceeb ntawm atherosclerosis yog suav tias yog me me cov hlab ntsha. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov pa me nyuam mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qhov muag yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm degeneration.
2. Rog.
3. Tsis muaj cov vitamins thiab tej yam minerals. Ntawm cov tshuaj tsim nyog los tswj retinal ntaub so ntswg muaj peev xwm yuav qhia tau: lutein thiab zeaxanthin.
4. Qhov loj tus naj npawb ntawm "free radicals". Lawv ua rau kom cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov degeneration nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sij hawm.
5. Pawg lwm haiv tib nta. Tus kab mob yog xav paub ntau ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj teeb qhov muag xim. Qhov tseeb hais tias Caucasians xim ceev muaj nyob rau hauv lub retina, yog tsis tshua muaj. Vim li no, degenerative dab tsim sai, raws li tau zoo raws li cov tsos mob.
6. Kev noj cov zaub mov.
7. Ua nyob rau hauv ncaj qha tshav ntuj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv eyewear.

Lub pathology tshwm sim ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj ib tug hereditary burdened anamnesis (xub ntiag ntawm tus kab mob no los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, pog thiab yawg). Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob tus kab mob no thiaj paub tias yog nyob rau hauv tus poj niam pejxeem.

Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration: lub pathophysiology ntawm tus txheej txheem

Zoo li tag nrho cov kab hloov, tus kab mob no muaj ib tug tham mechanism ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov pathogenesis ntawm tus kab dab tseem tsis rau siab tshawb. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov nyom yam tseem ceeb ntawm macular cov ntaub so ntswg undergoes irreversible kev puas tsuaj. Feem ntau cov feem ntau cov pathology pib tsim nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob plawv (atherosclerosis, ntshav qab zib) thiab rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob yog yuav luag ib txwm pom ntawm cov haus luam yeeb pejxeem. Vim lub txhaws ntawm lub vascular txaj thiab malnutrition qhov muag cov ntaub so ntswg tsim muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration. Lub pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tau ua txhaum ntawm lub redox tshuav nyiaj li cas. Lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no yog ua si los ntawm cov dawb radicals. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub macula rau ob peb yog vim li cas. Firstly, nyob rau hauv lub macular lossi raug cov pa thiab lub teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no muaj ib tug sawv ntawm fatty acids, uas yuav oxidize. Qhov zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob yog pom tias yuav ua tau lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov retina. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no qhov muag yog ib tug peripheral lub hnab ntawv analyzer thiab yog ncaj qha kev cob cog rua rau lub paj hlwb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tshwj xeeb yog nkag siab lub "oxygen starvation".

Tag nrho tej yam predispose rau lub fact tias cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub macula maj thins. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm radicals cell week raug rhuav tshem. Lub retina yuav rhiab mus rau lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ultraviolet thiab infrared tawg AMD yog tsim sai. Tag nrho cov dab ua rau lub fact tias cov epithelium ntawm lub macula pib "poob" xim receptors undergoes Atrophy. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm tsis nres kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov macula cov ntaub so ntswg detachment tshwm sim. Cov kauj ruam kawg yog cov tsos ntawm cirrhosis thiab dig muag kev loj hlob.

Muaj hnub nyoog-retinal degeneration

3 cais ntaub ntawv ntawm macular degeneration. Qhov no kev faib yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub morphological kev hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg retinal. Xws li ib tug faib uas yuav tsum tau los mus txiav txim lub tactics ntawm kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob.

Morphological hom ntawm tus kab mob:

1. Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration - ntub daim ntawv: tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm exudate. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsis tshua muaj pom nyob rau hauv 20% ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm sai hnyav kawg. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg nws puas pom kev yog deteriorating sai (nyob rau hauv ib ob peb hnub), koj yuav tsum xav tias ib tug kab mob, xws li muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration. Lub ntub daim ntawv npaj vim neovaskulyazatsii, piv txwv li cov tsos ntawm ib tug loj pes tsawg tus tshiab cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub retina. Xav puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv cell week, lawv permeability qab. Thiaj li, nws yog tsim edema thiab hemorrhage.
2. Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration - qhuav daim ntawv: yus muaj los ntawm qeeb txaus. Nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, qhov no hom ntawm pathology yog hu ua Atrophy. Qhuav muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob. Thaum saib cim drusen - lub teeb Atrophy txhab, tsis ua hauj lwm xim txheej, tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub epithelium.
3. Caws pliav hauv daim ntawv ntawm macular degeneration. Nws yog suav hais tias yog theem kawg ntawm AMD. Tsiag ntawv epithelium detachment thiab tsim ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg (caws pliav). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug ua tiav tsis pom.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub qhuav daim ntawv ntawm AMD nkag mus rau hauv pleural version ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv vascular txhab, thiab tshwj xeeb yog - ntshav qab zib retinopathy. Tej kev hloov qhia ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv lub forecast thiab yog ib lub teeb liab rau thaum muaj xwm ceev kev ntsuas.

Cov tsos mob ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm AMD, cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav tsim maj mam los yog sai sai. Feem ntau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm-txog macular degeneration yog tsis ua nws muaj muaj rau ob peb xyoo. Nyob rau hauv qhuav daim ntawv AMD, retinal drusen tshwm nto - khej Atrophy. Vim hais tias ntawm no tsis pom kev maj deteriorates. Yuav kom ib tug ntau dua twg suffers xim txheej, vim hais tias cov neeg uas lub ci ci ntawm cov xim dog dig poob. Visual acuity yuav li yuav hloov, tab sis tsuas yog me ntsis. Lub ntub hauv daim ntawv ntawm macular degeneration yog tsim sai heev. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb hnub, tsis pom kev tej zaum yuav deteriorate ho, txawm dig muag. Vim lub o thiab ua rau kom cov daim nyias nyias permeability ntawm hemorrhage yuav tshwm sim uas yog hnov mus rau lub liab qab qhov muag. Cov tsos mob cai nyob rau hauv AMD:

1. Hloov cov zoo thiab brightness ntawm daim duab.
2. Txo nyob rau hauv nrig txog kev pom pom tseeb tseeb.
3. Warp, distortion los ntawm cov khoom.
4. qhov muag plooj duab.
5. Cov tsos ntawm nrig txog kev pom teb tsis tau.
6. Tsis muaj peev xwm nyeem txawm hnav tsom iav.

Nrog rau cov gradual kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj kawm ntawv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Ces muaj ib tug gradual deterioration ntawm central tsis pom kev. Thaum nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm cov duab yuav clouded. Txawm li cas los, peripheral (sab) pom kev zoo yog fwm. Maj mam, lub cheeb tsam cov yog nce.

Nyob rau hauv ntub hauv daim ntawv ntawm AMD thiab dig muag caws pliav los sai sai. Tsis zoo li qhuav-hom degeneration, peripheral yog tsis tshua muaj nca muab tsis tau muab khaws cia tseg. Nrog raws sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm AMD, dig muag kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yuav nres.

Mob ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog degeneration ntawm lub retina

Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration yuav kuaj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg txom nyem los ntawm vascular txhab, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tug ophthalmologist 1-2 lub sij hawm ib xyoos. AMD mob raws li nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. Cov neeg laus feem ntau tsis txaus siab txog cov tsos ntawm "hnov" ua ntej lub ob lub qhov muag, li pos huab. Mob "macular degeneration" yog feem ntau muab tso rau lub deterioration ntawm cov poj niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias ib tug keeb kwm ntawm yam type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, nqa tawm ib tug series ntawm ophthalmic xeem. Cov lawv - lub ntsuas ntawm nrig txog kev pom acuity, perimetry, Stereoscopic biomicroscopy.

Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog nqa tawm fluorescein angiography fundus. Los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws tseem tau los xyuas txog cov cheeb tsam ntawm detachment epithelium Atrophy drusen, neovascularization. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj kev instrumental diagnostics muaj contraindications thiab txaus ntshai. Yog li ntawd ua ntej koj txiav txim siab rau qhov kev xeem yuav tsum mus ntsib ib tug ophthalmologist thiab tau txais nws lub tswv yim.

Yuav ua li cas los kho tus qhuav daim ntawv ntawm macular degeneration?

Thaum qhia txog cov mob yuav tsum tam sim ntawd pib kev kho mob ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration. Lub qhuav daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob yog tsawg txhoj puab heev, li ntawd, nws yog amenable mus tshuaj kho. Nws tsis pab tau tshem ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub, tab sis yuav tsis (qeeb) cov txheej txheem rau ib ob peb lub hlis los yog xyoo. Thawj kauj ruam yog ua raws li ib tug khoom noj nyob rau hauv AMD. Muab hais tias lub atrophic dab tsim vim ib tug tsis muaj carotenoids thiab occlusion ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub fundus, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov tsiaj nqaijrog. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm atherosclerotic txhab nyob rau hauv me me retinal cov hlab ntsha yuav tsum tau noj kom ntau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab, zaub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no noj cov zaub mov yuav pab kom txawm peem rau cov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals.

Yuav kom nrog dawb radicals, nws yog pom zoo kom siv tsawg lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau haus antioxidants. Cov no muaj xws vitamin E thiab C. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho cov ntshav mov rau cov fundus yog pom zoo kom siv antiplatelet agents, vasodilators.

Muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration - ntub daim ntawv: cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob

Thaum lub ntub daim ntawv ntawm macular degeneration yog nqa tawm tsis tau tsuas yog kev kho mob kev kho, tab sis phais. Rau cov tshuaj, kom txhob muaj cov xim txheej ntawm lub retina muaj xws li "Lutein" tshuaj thiab "Zeaxanthin". Cov tshuaj yuav mus rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm antioxidants. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog pom zoo kom noj cov khoom noj uas muaj zinc. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no tau tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ntshav qab zib retinopathy, yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv saib xyuas ntawm hypoglycemic txoj kev kho glycemic profile.

Phais kho mob ntawm retinal degeneration

Ib cov tshuaj yog tsis txaus, yog hais tias tus neeg mob yog mob "muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration." kab mob kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev phais kho. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub ntub daim ntawv ntawm AMD. Tam sim no, yuav luag txhua txhua ophthalmic lub tsev kho mob nyob rau laser kev kho mob ntawm macular degeneration. Nws tej zaum yuav txawv. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev nyob rau cov theem thiab ces AMD pathology. Muaj cov nram qab no txoj kev phais kho:

1. Laser photocoagulation ntawm neovascular week.
2. "Vizudin" photodynamic txoj kev kho yeeb tshuaj.
3. Transpupillary laser termokorrektsiya.

Yog hais tias tau thiab tsis muaj contraindications, ua hauj lwm xim epithelium hloov, vitrectomy (hemorrhage mus rau hauv lub vitreous lub cev ntawm lub qhov muag).

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog degeneration ntawm lub retina

Tiv Thaiv ntsuas muaj xws li: noj cov zaub mov, poob phaus. Vascular txhab yog pom zoo haus luam yeeb cessation. Kuj tsis txhob ncaj qha tshav ntuj rau cov neeg muaj teeb qhov muag xim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tiv thaiv hais txog kev siv ntawm cov vitamins thiab lw ntsiab ntawm strengthening.