Mohs scale. Lub hardness ntawm lub Mohs scale

Mohs scale - ib tug 10-point scale, tsim los ntawm Karl Friedrich Mohs nyob rau hauv 1812, uas tso cai rau koj los piv rau hardness ntawm minerals. Lub scale muab ib tug zoo es ib tug ntau kwv yees ntawm lub hardness ntawm ib lub pob zeb.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug Mohs scale siv 10 standard mineral - talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, ruby thiab pob zeb diamond. Minerals nws muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm ua hardness, noj raws li nws cov starting taw tes rau hauv lub fact tias cov nyuaj mineral khawb softer. Calcite, piv txwv li, kos gypsum thiab calcite mus scratch fluorite reserves, thiab cov zaub mov ua crumble talc. Txij li thaum cov zaub mov yog tau coj qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub Mohs scale ntawm hardness: -1 cwj mem av dawb, gypsum - 2, calcite - 3, fluorite - 4. Ntxiv tshawb pom tias cov zaub mov uas nws hardness yog hauv qab no 6, scratched iav, cov neeg uas nws hardness yog siab tshaj 6 - kos iav . Hardness qhov rais ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog hais txog 6.5.

Lub pob zeb, ib tug hardness ntau dua tshaj 6, yog ua pob zeb diamond.

Mohs scale tsuas yog ib tug ntxhib kwv yees ntawm hardness minerals. Ib tug ntau yog ntsuas - tsis firmness.

Qhov chaw minerals nyob rau hauv Mohs scale

Minerals nyob rau hauv lub scale cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm hardness. Cov softest yog lub hardness 1, scratched nrog ib tug tes, piv txwv li, talc (chalk). Ntxiv muaj ib tug ob peb ntau khoom minerals - ulexit, amber, muscovite. Lawv hardness rau lub Mohs scale yog me me - 2. Tej mos minerals tsis polished, uas txwv lawv siv nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Zoo nkauj lub pob zeb nrog cov uas tsis muaj hardness yog ornamental, thiab yog feem ntau pheej yig. Ntawm lawv yog cov feem ntau ua souvenirs.

Minerals uas muaj ib tug hardness ntawm 3 mus rau 5 yog yooj yim scratched nrog ib tug riam. Gagate, rhodochrosite, malachite, rhodonite, turquoise, jade cabochon feem ntau polished, zoo polished (feem ntau yog nrog rau kev siv zinc oxide). Cov zaub mov yog tsis resistant rau cov dej.

Khoom minerals hniav nyiaj hniav kub, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, topaz thiab grenades kho nyob rau hauv lub transparency, coloring, lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities. Stellate rubies los yog sapphires, piv txwv li, yog txiav cabochons mus sab laj txog qhov txawv pob zeb, pob tshab ntau ntau yam yog txiav ovals, voj voog los yog tshuaj, xws li diamonds.

hniav nyiaj hniav kub pob zeb

Tag nrho cov zaub mov uas nws hardness yog tsawg tshaj li 7 nyob rau hauv lub scale, pom tau hais tias me me, cov neeg saum toj no 7 - nyuaj. Khoom minerals amenable mus rau lub pob zeb diamond ua, ntau yam uas tau kev seevcev, transparency, thiab rarity ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov kev siv nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

pob zeb diamond hardness rau lub Mohs scale ntawm 10. Diamonds yog txiav kom cov ua ntawm tsis yog tsawg heev nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb loj. Lub kho pob zeb diamond thiab hu ua pob zeb diamond. Vim nws cov high hardness thiab kuj rau siab kub, diamonds yuav luag mus ib txhis.

Lub hardness ntawm ruby thiab sapphire me ntsis qis hardness ntawm cov pob zeb diamond thiab yog 9 nyob rau Mohs scale. Tus nqi ntawm cov pob zeb, raws li zoo li emeralds, nyob ntawm seb cov xim, transparency, thiab tus naj npawb uas tsis xws luag - lub ntau pob tshab lub pob zeb, mob siab heev xim thiab tsawg nws tej kab nrib pleb, ntau dua tus nqi.

semiprecious pob zeb

Me ntsis hauv qab no lub pob zeb diamond thiab Corundum muaj nuj nqis topaz thiab garnets. Lawv hardness rau lub Mohs scale ntawm 7-8 ntsiab lus. Cov pob zeb no zoo kho pob zeb diamond. Nqe nyob rau cov xim. Lub ntxaum cov xim ntawm topaz thiab garnet, qhov ntau kim cov khoom yuav yuav tsim nyog nws. Cov feem ntau heev prized yog tsis tshua muaj heev daj topaz thiab ntshav garnets (madzhority). Qhov kawg pob zeb yog li ntawd tsawg hais tias nws cov nqi tej zaum yuav tau siab tshaj uas ntshiab pob zeb diamond.

Dawb lias tourmalines: liab (rubellite), xiav (indicolite), ntsuab (verdelite), dib liab tourmaline kuj raug hu ua semi-precious pob zeb. Pob tshab zoo tourmalines pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog heev tsawg, thiab yog li ntawd no tej zaum kuj kim kim pyrope thiab xiav topaz, thiab rau dib liab (liab thiab ntsuab) pob zeb lolus tsis tau nkees mus plob hav zoov. Lub hardness ntawm lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub Mohs scale yog heev siab heev thiab muaj nqi rau 7-7.5 cov ntsiab lus. Cov pob zeb zoo rau polishing, tsis txhob hloov xim, tab sis mus nrhiav ib daim ntawm hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog ib tug kaj tshab tourmaline - ib tug tiag tiag stroke ntawm koob hmoov.

Cov dub ntau yam ntawm tourmaline (schorl) yog hais txog mus rau lub ornamental pob zeb. Schorl khoom, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nkig cov pob zeb, uas yuav yooj yim raug rhuav tshem thaum lub sij hawm ua. Nws yog vim li no tias dub tourmaline feem ntau muag tsis kho. Schorl suav hais tias yog muaj zog tiv thaiv talisman.

kev daim ntawv thov

Minerals thiab cov pob zeb uas muaj hardness yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, Granite Mohs hardness - ntawm 5 mus rau 7, nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov mica therein. Qhov no hard pob zeb lug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas rau xov.

Tsis muaj kob sapphires los yog leicosapphires, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub siab hardness thiab txheeb ze rarity, yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev thov los ntawm Jewelers, tab sis yog lug siv nyob rau hauv laser thiab lwm yam kho qhov muag kiag li lawm.

Tswv yim rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov teev

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub scale ntawm Mohs hardness muab tsuas yog ib tug zoo, es tsis quantitative ntsuam xyuas, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv geology. Siv cov Mohs scale Geology thiab mineralogy yuav kwv yees li qhia tsis paub hais tias yam tsiaj nyob ntawm seb nws nyhav rau khawb nrog ib tug riam los yog ib khob. Yuav luag tag nrho cov siv los qhia cov hardness ntawm minerals yog nyob rau hauv Mohs scale, es lawv tsis firmness.

Nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub Mohs scale yog tseem lug siv. Lub hardness ntawm lub pob zeb nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm nws cov kev kho mob rau resurfacing thiab qhov tsim nyog cov cuab yeej.

Lwm yam hardness teev

Mohs scale - tsis tsuas lub scale ntawm hardness. Muaj ib co lwm yam teev uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv los kom tiv thaiv deformation. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Rockwell. Rockwell txoj kev yog yooj yim - nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv ntsuas lub allergic tob ntawm lub indenter tob ntawm cov khoom. Raws li ib tug pob zeb diamond indenter ntsis feem ntau yog siv. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov zaub mov tsis tshua raug rau txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov Rockwell txoj kev, nws yog feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau thiab alloys.

Ib yam li ntawd lub tsev Ntug dej hardness teev. Ntug dej hardness ntawm txoj kev tso cai rau lub kev txiav txim ntawm ob co thiab ntau dua ywj khoom (roj hmab, yas).