Modernism - nws ... Modernism nyob rau hauv kos duab. cov neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism

Modernism - ib tug muaj zog nyob rau hauv kos duab yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ncaim yav dhau los keeb kwm kev kos duab tuaj rau nws ua kom tiav tsis kam muab. Modernism sawv nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua, tab sis nws heyday tuaj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20 th xyoo pua. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm modernism twb nrog los ntawm tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, cov visual arts thiab architecture. Culture thiab kos duab yuav tsis yeej ib txwm yuav txawj hloov, tab sis yuav tsum muaj cov modernism raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev hloov nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog twb tau muaj. Yeej, tus txawj tej yam ntxiv cov txheej txheem yog twj ywm, tab sis tej zaum kuj coj nyaum ntaub ntawv ntawm modernism, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus tub artist Salvador Dali, uas tau ua kom lawv muaj ib daim duab surrealism tsis muaj kev ncua. Txawm li cas los, kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab muaj lub peev xwm mus raws sij hawm, thiaj li tsis muaj ib tug yuav kom los yog qeeb tus txheej txheem.

Evolution ntawm lub modernism

Lub paradigm ntawm modernism tau ua hom nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis, ces lub siab rau ib tug tshaj dhau hloov nyob rau hauv kos duab pib tsis kam ua, thiab Fabkis "Art Nouveau", German "Art Nouveau" thiab "Lavxias teb sab niaj hnub" ua ntej modernism raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm revolutionary, coj ib tug ntau relaxed daim ntawv .

Modernism nyob rau hauv cov kawm Askiv los yog kos duab rau ntawm modernism?

Nkag siab txog cov prioritization ntawm cov formulations yog mus sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab architects ntawm tag nrho cov civilized ntiaj teb no. Ib txhia cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub leading teeb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab ntseeg hais tias modernism - ib tug ntev-awaited hloov, thiab yuav tsum tau mus prioritize ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej, cov lwm yam ceg ntawm modernism luag hauj lwm renovation ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntau. Controversy txuas ntxiv los ua pov thawj lawv cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj ib tug yuav. Cuaj kaum, modernism nyob rau hauv kos duab tuaj, thiab qhov no yog lub impetus rau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Cov kev hloov tsis hnov tam sim ntawd muaj feem xyuam rau lub inertia ntawm lub neej, raws li yog li ib txwm, pib tham txog lub tshiab tiam sis, ib tug neeg yog rau kev hloov, ib tug neeg tsis txais yuav lawv. Ces tus fore ua modernism kos duab directors, nto moo sau ntawv, musicians, thiab tag nrho cov uas xav tias hnyav, pib los txhawb tej yam tshiab, thiab maj mam modernism twb paub.

Modernism nyob rau hauv lub visual arts

Lub ntsiab qhia ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv tag nrho-scale painting, portrait duab, duab puab thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kos duab sawv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau. Lub hauv paus yog pw nyob rau hauv 1863, thaum Paris twb inaugurated lub thiaj li hu ua 'Salon des tsis kam ", ib tug ua ke-avngardisty nyuab thiab qhia txog lawv kev ua hauj lwm. salon lub npe hais lus rau nws tus kheej, cov pej xeem tsis kam txais ib tug paub daws teeb painting, nws tsis lees paub nws. Cuaj kaum, tus mere tsos ntawm "Salon des tsis kam" hais tias modernist kos duab yog tos Vocabulary.

qhia modernism

Tsis ntev modernist tiam sis coj qhob daim ntawv no, lub nram qab no tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub kos duab:

• Abstract expressionism - ib tug tshwj xeeb style ntawm painting qhov twg lub artist siv nws creativity yam tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm lub sij hawm, throws xim nyob rau hom ntaub khov heev, chaotic touches mus rau lub painting txhuam, cia li ua rau tus cwj nrag.
• Dada - tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv ib tug collage-style layout rau canvas ib tug ob peb tawg tsam ntawm ib yam kev kawm. Dluab yog feem ntau imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm negation, cynical mus kom ze rau lub npe. Style sawv tam sim ntawd tom qab tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thiab los ua ib tug zaub ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm hopelessness, prevailing nyob rau hauv lub neej.
• Cubism - across txheej txheem geometric duab. Cov style nws tus kheej yog ib co tswv yim zoo, thawj masterpieces rau hauv cov style ntawm cubism tsim Pablo Pikasso. Ib tug dog dig txawv mus kom ze rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub artist Pol Sezann - nws paintings kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab.
• Post-Impressionism - cov rejection uas pom kev muaj tiag thiab hloov tiag tiag dluab ntawm cov hniav stylization. Style nrog ntau yam zoo, tab sis nws yog tag nrho siv xwb Vincent van Gogh thiab Pol Gogen.

Surrealism, ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab strongholds ntawm modernism

Surrealism - kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag, qhov tseeb kos duab, reflecting feem ntau kev siab ntawm cov artist. Qhov tseem ceeb surrealist painters twb Salvador Dali, Ernst Fuchs thiab Arno Breker, uas ua ke ua lub "Golden daim duab peb sab ntawm surrealism".

Painting style nrog ib tug kov ntawm huab

Fauvism - ib tug style, ua ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm passion thiab lub zog, tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev tsa nto ntawm cov xim thiab "qus" qhia cov xim. Cov zajlus kuj nyob rau hauv ntau mob mus rau lub point ntawm extreme. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov sib tau Henri Matisse thiab André Derain.

Organics nyob rau hauv kos duab

Futurism - ib tug organic ua ke ntawm cov kos duab thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm Cubism fomizma, ib pab laib ntawm cov xim tov nrog cov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim, cov vajvoos peb sab thiab cov ces kaum. Duab Dynamics yog ib tug tag nrho-consuming cim nyob rau hauv cov duab txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, lub zog muaj peev xwm yuav pom nyob rau hauv txhua yam.

Style Georgian artist Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism - lub artistic duab nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug meej pem thiab txhob txwm simplification, uas ua rau ib tug qauv zoo li txheej thaum ub creativity ntawm tus me nyuam los yog cov phab ntsa paintings nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua hauv txheej thaum ub pab pawg neeg. Txheej thaum ub style painting tsis txo nws cov artistic theem, yog hais tias nws yog twv los ntawm ib tug yeej muaj tseeb artist. Ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm primitivism yog Niko Pirosmani.

txawj modernism

Literary modernism xyoo ib tug tsim classical canons ntawm narrative. Tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, lub style ntawm kev sau ntawv novels thiab cov dab neeg maj pib qhia tej cim ntawm stagnation, muaj ib tug tej yam monotony cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Ces tus sau ntawv pib tig los rau lwm yam, yav tas los siv txhais ntawm artistic conception. Nyeem tau tau muaj puas siab puas ntsws thiab philosophical tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug style uas tau txais lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "kwj nco qab" raws li sib sib zog nqus pom mus rau hauv lub psychology ntawm lub cim. Cov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib tug tshiab los ntawm American txawj sau ntawv William Faulkner hu ua "suab thiab lub Fury."

Txhua lub cim ntawm tus tshiab yog analyzed nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws tseem ceeb heev hauv paus ntsiab lus, ncaj ncees qualities thiab dee. Faulkner tus txheej txheem yog justified, txij li thaum nws yog vim lub siab thiab sib sib zog nqus tsom xam ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov ua cim muaj ib qho kev nthuav zaj dabneeg. Los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb Uilyam Folkner sau ntawv style yog ib feem ntawm lub "golden tsib" US sau ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ob tug lwm sau ntawv - Dzhon Steynbek thiab Skott Fittsdzherald, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm sim ua raws li cov cai nyob rau hauv-tob tsom xam.

cov neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv:

• Uolt Uitmen, zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau nws cov paj huam sau "Nplooj ntawm Nyom."
• Sharl Bodler - ib tug sau ntawm paj huam, "Paj ntawm kev phem".
• Arthur Rambo - paj huam "Illuminations", "Ib lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv ntuj raug txim."
• Fyodor Dostoevsky nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm "Cov kwv tij Karamazov" thiab "ua txhaum thiab rau txim rau" yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv modernism.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm phau ntawv no vector rog uas feem xyuam rau txoj sau ntawv - founders ntawm modernism, nqa philosophers Henri Bergson, Uilyam Dzheyms, Fridrih Nitsshe, thiab lwm tus neeg. Kuv tsis nyob twj ywm ib sab thiab Sigmund Freud.

Tsaug rau modernism nyob rau hauv thawj peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th txawj ntaub ntawv tau radically hloov.

Lub era ntawm modernism, sau ntawv thiab paj huam?

Cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu sau ntawv modernism lub sij hawm no yog cov nram qab no sau ntawv thiab paj huam

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - Lavxias teb sab paj huam nrog rau ib tug tragic txoj hmoo, poob nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm Stalin lub repressions. Nws yog tus sau ob peb collections ntawm paj huam, raws li zoo raws li lub zoo-paub paj huam "Requiem".
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) - ib tug tsis tshua muaj teeb meem Austrian txawj sau ntawv uas nws tej hauj lwm raug xam tias yog absurd. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawm nws novels twb tsis luam tawm. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Kafka tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm, txawm lub fact tias nws xav kam rau qhov no thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub neej conjured nws executors hlawv novels tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tuag. Ntaub rhuav tshem cov ntawv sau txawj sau ntawv yuav tsis, raws li lawv mus nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes thiab muab xa rov qab rau lawv mus rau lub sau, tsis muaj ntawm nws admirers twb tsis mus.
• Uilyam Folkner (1898-1962) - tus khiav ntawm 1949 Nobel Literature nqi zog, uas yog nto moo rau nej tau tsim ib tug ntawv ua txua county nyob rau hauv lub American heartland, hu ua Yoknapatawpha, peopled nws nrog cim thiab pib piav qhia txog lawv lub neej. Faulkner tej hauj lwm yog incredibly complex ntxwv xwm, tab sis yog hais tias tus nyeem ntawv tsis muab cov xov ntawm lub narrative, ces tshem tawm cov nws los ntawm lub dab, zaj dab neeg los yog zaj dab neeg ntawm tus naas ej American txawj sau ntawv yog tsis tau.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) - ib qho ntawm feem thwjtim uas ncaj ncees ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws novels thiab cov dab neeg yog ciav nyob rau hauv lawv cov tseem ceeb heev quab yuam. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tus txawj sau ntawv yog ib tug irritant mus rau lub US cov tub ceev xwm, nws txhawj tsis suspicions, txoj kev uas tau siv los ntawm lub CIA coj Hemingway rau nws sab, twb absurd. Nws tag nrho cov twb ib tshee neej puas txawj sau ntawv thiab ib ntus kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug puas siab ntsws hauv tsev kho mob. Tus kws sau ntawv muaj tsuas yog ib txoj kev hlub nyob rau hauv nws lub neej - nws mus yos hav zoov phom loj. Lub Xya hli ntuj 2, 1961 Hemingway cog lus yus tua yus los ntawm shooting nws tus kheej nrog ib rab phom no.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - German txawj sau ntawv, essayist, ib qho ntawm feem active nom tswv sau ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tag nrho nws cov hauj lwm uas imbued nrog nom ua tswv, tab sis nws artistic tus nqi, lawv tsis txhob poob los ntawm no. Mann yog tsis muaj Hmoob mus creativity thiab sensuality, ib qho piv txwv ntawm no - tus tshiab "Tus Confessions ntawm Felix Krull." Lub protagonist yog ib tug cim tej hauj lwm ntawm Oscar Wilde, Dorian Grey. Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Thomas Mann cuab.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Fabkis txawj sau ntawv, sau ntawm lub xya-ntim tej hauj lwm "Nyob rau hauv Nrhiav ntawm Poob Lub sij hawm", uas yog pom tias yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Proust yog ib tug staunch follower ntawm modernism li tus tseem pheej txoj kev txawj kev loj hlob.
• Virdzhiniya Vulf (1882-1942) - English txawj sau ntawv, yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau tseem follower ntawm "kwj nco qab". Modernism yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus heev heev novels ntawm Virginia Woolf nyob rau hauv lub khoom vaj khoom tsev yog ob peb txhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Literary Modernism tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb cawv rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm sau ntawv thiab paj huam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob.

niaj hnub architecture

Cov kab lus "modernism nyob rau hauv architecture" yog hais txog rau lub sij hawm "niaj hnub architecture" vim hais tias nws ib co kua nplaum cov zajlus kom kev twb kev txuas. Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm modernism tsis yeej ib txwm txhais hais tias "niaj hnub" Yog tsim lo lus "niaj hnub." Art Nouveau thiab Modernism - ob txawv tswv yim.

Modernist architecture implies pib ntawm muaj tswv yim tho kev uas niaj hnub architecture thiab cov lag luam ntawm lawv ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, nrog rau cov 20-ntsis thiab 70-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Niaj hnub nimno architecture hnub rov qab mus rau ntau tsis ntev los no cov nuj nqis. Cim tsib caug xyoo thiab muaj ib lub sij hawm ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv architecture, thaum lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab tiam sis.

Tiam sis nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture

Niaj hnub nimno architecture - cov no yog cov cais qhov chaw ntawm architecture, xws li cov nyob sab Europe haumxeeb siv ntawm 1920-30 los yog lub immutability ntawm rationalism ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm cov twenties, thaum tsev twb ua txhiab ntawm ib tug project. Qhov no German "Bauhaus", "Art Deco" nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub thoob ntiaj teb style, organic, brutalism architecture. Tag nrho cov saum toj no yog cov ceg ntawm ib tsob ntoo - niaj hnub architecture.

Prestavitelyami modernism nyob rau hauv architecture yog: Le Korbyuze, Oscar Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, Walter Gropius, Frenk Lloyd Rayt thiab lwm tus neeg.

Modernism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag

Modernism - ib tug hloov style nyob rau hauv tus, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag kev hloov nyob ntawm seb feem nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawm ethnographic kab lis kev cai ntawm cov haiv neeg. Progressive tiam sis kev cai feem yog inevitably nrog transformations nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub suab paj nruag. Tiam ua rau nws tus kheej tej yam kev mob ntawm cov suab paj nruas tsev uas muaj daim nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos. Txawm li cas los, cov kab lis kev cai ntawm modernism tsis hloov lub classic suab paj nruas ntaub ntawv.