Nyob rau hauv Minsk, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw - lub memorial "Yama". Thaum no cov thawj lub sij hawm, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau muab sau grandeur thiab kev tu siab sculptures. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis paub txog lub keeb kwm ntawm Belarus, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj twv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no kwv rau hauv daim ntawv qhia lub teb chaws. Qhov no monument yog nplooj siab mus rau tus dawb huv neeg uas raug tus Holocaust. Qhov twg yog qhov Memorial, thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseeb zaj dab?
Lub peb hlis ntuj 2, 1942 nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Belarus
Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, Minsk twb nyob los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab pab tub rog los ntawm 1941 mus 1944. Nyob rau hauv peb hnub ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm cov neeg Yudais raug txiav txim mus rau tes tshaj tag nrho cov nyiaj thiab khoom tseem ceeb. Cov hauj lwm hnub lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg Yudais ghetto nyob rau hauv Minsk xam tau tias yog 19.07.1941. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov creation yog Ameslikas npaj extermination ntawm tag nrho cov uas tau txheeb xyuas cov neeg hauv lub teb chaws no. Qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Minsk ghetto pejxeem ntawm tsawg kawg 100,000 neeg raug kaw teej tug mus rau cov neeg Yudais. Lub peb hlis ntuj 2, 1942 - ib hnub twg ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Belarus. Nws yog ces nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais ghetto twb rhuav tshem tsawg kawg 5000 neeg raug kaw. Lub cev ntawm ntau cov neeg raug tsuas poob mus rau hauv ib tug sib sib zog nqus kwj. Minsk memorial "Yama" tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw.
Tsim ib tug obelisk
Phem heev, uas flourished nyob rau hauv lub Minsk ghetto, yuav tsis hnov qab li tom qab lub liberation ntawm lub nroog ntawm yeeb ncuab invaders. Nyob rau hauv 1947, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev faus tseg neeg raug kaw tau tsa ib tug obelisk. Lub inscription rau nws hais tias: "Lub fond nco rau txhua lub sij hawm tsib txhiab neeg Yudais tuag ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm lub siab phem yeeb ncuab ntawm tib neeg - fascist German villains Lub peb hlis ntuj 2, 1942." Remarkably, cov ntawv nyeem engraved rau ib tug granite obelisk, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Yiddish. Qhov no yog thawj monument rau lub Soviet neeg uas raug tus Holocaust, uas tau officially tso cai rau siv Yiddish. Sau cov hlua - kws sau paj lug H. maltinskaya. Remarkably, dua li cov uas ua tshuaj rau tus tsim ntawm lub memorial, nws twb tom qab exiled mus rau lub gulag camp. Nws raug kev txom nyem rau nws creation thiab Rockshaper, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub obelisk - Mordukh Sprishen. Tab sis, txawm tag nrho cov no, "Yama" memorial tshwm sim niaj hnub no. A memorial pob zeb yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov ntsiab ntawm cov duab puab.
Reconstruction ntawm lub "qhov." Lub sculptural pab pawg neeg "Lub Xeem Txoj Kev"
Nyob rau hauv 2000, ib tug memorial nplooj siab mus rau cov neeg raug ntawm lub Holocaust nyob rau hauv Minsk, tau raug reconstructed. Mus koom vim li cas, tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ua manually, tsis muaj kev siv ntawm kev tsim kho cov khoom thiab machinery. Archaeological excavations ntawm lub memorial site thiab twb tsis ua. Memorial "Yama" nyob rau hauv Minsk twb complemented los ntawm ib tug sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws staircase ua rau qhov chaw ntawm lub leem gully stretches ib txoj hlua ntawm neeg raug kaw, los cia rau tej tuag. Cov nuj nqis saib sab sab thiab feem ntau tsis zoo li neeg. Lawv yog neeg zoo li ib tug mournful dab, es cov neeg. Lub monument yog officially hu ua "Lub Xeem Txoj kev", nws sau phau ntawv - kes duab vajtse L. Levin, Finnish sculptor A., E. Pollock. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias daim duab muas thaum chiv thawj los ua cov neeg raug kaw ntau qhia. Raws li cov thawj version ntawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab, nrog rau cov ibtxhi yuav tsum tau yuav: ib tug cev xeeb tub poj niam, ib tug tshuab raj, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm yam muaj tswv yim thiab kev pab hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los nws yog thaum kawg pom zoo muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj kev tu siab thiab asexual tib neeg cov nuj nqis. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm sculptures yog impressive.
Qhov twg yog qhov memorial "Yama" nyob rau hauv Minsk? duab monument
Lub sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nyob rau ntawm Melnikaite txoj kev. Cog nyob ze ntawm lub memorial huas ntawm lub ncaj ncees, rau rau siab mus thaj yeeb Belarusians sympathize thiab pab cov neeg Yudais thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog. Tau txais mus rau qhov no memorial site yog ib qho yooj yim los ntawm pej xeem thauj. Cov nyob ze metro chaw nres tsheb - "Frunzenskaya". Koj tseem yuav tau txais rau lub tsheb nto thauj "Hotel" Jubilee "," cov tsheb npav: 1, nrog 1, 69, 73, 119 thiab 163. Cov memorial "Yama" yog muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos mus xyuas, kev txais neeg kawm yog dawb xwb.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg nyob thiab xyuas
Muaj coob tus neeg mus saib lub memorial nplooj siab mus rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Holocaust cov neeg raug nyob rau hauv Minsk hais tias qhov chaw no yog tshwj xeeb yog lub zog. Yuav nyob ntawm no nyuaj heev, thiab impressionable tug neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyob rau hauv tus. Thiab tsis tau, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws dab neeg tu siab, qhov chaw no yog ib tug cult rau ntau tus neeg nyob rau hauv Belarus. Cov neeg Yudais thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm haiv tuaj ntawm no rau ib tug tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav hwm lub cim xeeb kev khuv leej li tua raug kaw ntawm lub Minsk ghetto. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm remembrance yog tuav rallies thiab lwm cov pej xeem cov txheej xwm. Remarkably, txawm nws tseem ceeb mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, "Yama" yog tsis tshua muaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub neeg mus ncig tebchaws ntawm cov. Tab sis qhov no txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub monument yog nce txhua txhua xyoo. Nws tsis yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav cov memorial "Yama" nyob rau hauv Minsk, qhov chaw nyob ntawm hais tias nyuaj siab sights Street Melnikaite. Nrog lub monument rau Holocaust cov neeg raug txuas ob peb scandals. Los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm, "Yama" yog kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau ntawm cov Vandals, uas ua rau ib tug loj pej xeem outcry.