Memorial 411 roj teeb, Odessa: yees duab, chaw nyob, kev qhia

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog-hero ntawm Odessa yog ib qho chaw hlub los ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem thiab cov heev heev qhua, nco rau peb yawg, yeej nyob rau hauv qhov txaus ntshai battles txoj kev ywj pheej rau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov me nyuam. Yuav luag rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj ntsuab chaw ua si, nyob rau hauv lub qhib-cua tsev cia puav pheej, ib tug tribute rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov battles rau cov nyiam lub nroog - Memorial ntawm 411-th roj teeb nyob rau hauv Odessa. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog txhua txhua me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau clambered tag nrho cov tub rog lug ntawm cov sij hawm. Nkag mus rau cov pej xeem dawb, koj yuav tau saib tag nrho cov teev, kov, twist. Pub mus xyuas tag nrho, tsis muaj ib tug yuav tawm tswv yim. Tab sis cov neeg tuaj xyuas to taub lub keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom.

Pib ntawm kev tsim kho

Tom qab pib ntawm lub txhoj puab heev txoj cai ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees coj los Adolf Hitler, tsoom fwv tau txiav txim siab hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los pib tus tiv thaiv lub tswv yim los tiv thaiv nws cov ciam teb, to taub tiag tiag tau ntawm ib tug nres rau ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Odessa pib ntawm 1934 mus 1936, loj-scale siv kws muaj txuj ci cov chaw rau 411 Odessa roj teeb. Nws lub hom phiaj muaj nyob rau hauv reflecting yeeb ncuab tawm tsam los ntawm lub hiav txwv cov warships raws li lawv tau los pab txhawb av troops nyob rau hauv hauv av ntxeem tau fascists.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm tsev

Tag nrho cov kev reinforced lug ua ntawm neeg raug kaw, ntawm 2,000 tus txiv neej, nyob rau hauv cov nruj saib xyuas ntawm tus NKVD thiab kev koom tes los ntawm engineering thiab kev tsim kho kev tswj cov tub rog hiav txwv rog. Saum toj no txhua qhob tov khoom sawv detachment tub ceev xwm ntawm Internal Affairs thiab pom rau nws hais tias txoj cai mus ntxiv cov kev tsim nyog Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj. Saib nruj me ntsis raws li fortification yuav tsum tau muaj zog heev. Siv qhob qib 600 thiab pebbles nrog Odessa ntug hiav txwv dej. General D. Karbyshev thov advanced technology rau lub sij hawm uas nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov tub rog sib.

Txhua hopper muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau txheej ntawm 3 cm armored steel reinforced kev tsim kho thiab muaj ib tug tuab ntawm mus txog 1 m 75 cm. Lossis loj trenches dug rau lub hwj chim thiab phom sib. Nyob rau ib lub tob ntawm 18 m twb khawb underground zaj txuas lub artillery txaus los ntawm qhov hais kom ua post, nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 750 meters rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub bay. Ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov sab saum toj armor phaj. Cov kev siv tau siv 11.6 tons ntawm kub.

roj teeb qhov taub

Lawv tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub conning ntauwd ntawm lub ntsiab commander ntawm 411 Roj teeb Odessa thiab keb soj ntsuam qhov chaw rau cov kev ua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. BK-kho qhov muag ntaus ntawv 10 yam khoom nce 20 lub sij hawm. Rau cov lus qhia txog shooting lub hom phaj tau xa ncaj qha mus rau tus ncej ntawm kev taw qhia loj 180-hli phom. Los ntawm underground zaj twb kab ntawm cables thiab lwm yam hluav taws xob khoom. Txij li thaum lub qhov taub twb qaij de, thiab cov dej yuav nyab phom khawb thiab tshwj xeeb ntws ib tug loj reservoir ntawm uas dej yog pumped los ntawm muaj zog twj tso kua mis mus rau qhov chaw.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub dungeons yog kev pab ntxiv: boiler chav tsev, ib tug compartment rau diesel-powered khoom, txij nkawm phom xyaw, hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv av tau raug khawb li warehouses rau roj thiab lubricants, ob peb cia tso tsheb hlau luam, mus txog 1,000 cubic meters. m ntawm dej txhua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm overlapping yeeb ncuab nkag tau mus rau cov dej reserves ntawm 411 cov pej xeem ntawm Odessa roj teeb yuav muab lawv nrog dej rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Capacitance Iwj los ntawm artesian dej nrog ib tug tob ntawm 30 m.

Ib tug sophisticated cua system muab ib tug lossis loj underground cheeb tsam nrog huab cua ntshiab. Ib tug system ntawm cov kav dej thiab boilers sov lub chav tsev. Tag nrho cov tseem ceeb lub neej kev pab txhawb nqa cov qauv yog underground. Saum toj no qhov chaw tsuas yeej phom loj loj luaj li cas muaj peev xwm ntawm firing ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 40 km.

ordnance

Peb nqaum artillery phom uas 160 tons, nrog ib tug tig ntaus 3 tau khawb underground vaj. Nws siv lub underground nqa tsiv projectiles uas 97,5 kg. Qhov tshwj xeeb trolley 2 artillery phom hauled nws qhib. Tej no yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tshuaj nres. Tsho uas yog poob tom qab txhua txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, dov rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb underground tank, hlua nrog tooj liab los xij.

Ntawm courtyards twb spare thaum muaj xwm ceev nyob underground tub rog. Thaum lub sij hawm txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv npog tag nrho cov hatches ntawm lub chav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub muaj ib tug complex system uas tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws extinguishing ntawm tag nrho cov thaj chaw. Service 411 Odessa roj teeb muaj 365 cov neeg.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov peb tej cuab yeej ntawm ib tug deb ntawm peb 45-hli anti-aircraft phom nrog ib tug platoon pab lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub roj teeb khwb sawv peb quadruple anti-aircraft phom, "Maxim", uas yog muab huab cua tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm. Twb thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm tus tiv thaiv txoj Gunners mastered rau lub sophisticated cov txheej txheem thiab kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv saib xyuas txog tej tub txawg.

masking chaw

Thaum lub sij hawm tua cov phom courtyards raug them nrog camouflage nets thiab tsob ntoo ceg. Tom qab ib lub hom phiaj qauv twb them nrog lossis loj hinged qhov rooj, uas yog ib tug me me lub teb chaws tsev, ib tug ob peb ntoo thiab hmab. Yuav kom dag tus yeeb ncuab nyob ze ntawm lub tam sim no qhov chaw ntawm lub roj teeb, hais txog 700 meters, twb nyob hauv ib tug cuav roj teeb.

Plywood los tsim kom tau ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus qub teeb yeej ua los ntawm cov phom chim. Ua outbuildings. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, thaum no cov roj teeb rau ua kev sib ntaus los missions, nyob rau cuav txaus hniav tub rog zes pa luam yeeb tej tawg hem hais tias yog tag nrho simulated pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov firing ntawm cov phom.

German bombers tshaj li ib zaug pinpointing cuav roj teeb thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm huab cua ntoo khoom. Tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog txhua lub sij hawm kiag li rebuilt lub puam tsuaj khoom, tsis yog los cawm lawv lub neej.

Lub heroic tiv thaiv ntawm Odessa

Nyob rau hauv 1941, lub yim hli ntuj 5, thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov rang thawj lub sij hawm pov nrog ib tug 180-hli phom. Romanian tub rog tua nyob rau hauv lub Akkerman fortress, thiab cov roj teeb commander Ivan Nikolaevich Nikitenko muab thawj kev txiav txim rau txoj kev puas tsuaj loj yeeb ncuab rog. Tom qab heev zoo li, ya mus txog ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 18 km, mus txog tus yeeb ncuab txoj tswj, lub Romanians yog ntshai kawg li. Lawv xav hais tias lawv tua nrog lub aircraft. Qhib nyob rau hauv lub empty skies artillery rov qab hluav taws kub. Ntxiv mus tua hluav taws, peb pab tub rog tau tshwm sim los muaj teeb kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab rog.

Tus tauj ncov loj I. N. Nikitenko tau txais ib tug ua-koj cov lus los ntawm cov commander ntawm lub 25 Chapayev Division, Major-General Ivan Petrov, uas sawv khwb tshaj lub yav qab teb tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kws muaj txuj ci. Tus nrog sib ntaus muaj tag nrho cov hwj chim ntawm tus defensive txaus qhia ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Ntau tshaj 200 tons ntawm hlau tuag cab kuj ntaus rau tus yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm.

Shooting twb tau soj xyuas tsis siv ceev xwmphem, hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Txawm lub loj loj steel implements yog tsis khaws cia incandescent sib ntaus sib tua. Lov rifling nyob rau hauv lub thoob. Tub rog masters tswj kom hloov thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm multi-tuj phom tshem hnab twb qhib lawm nrog thread. Thaum lub sij hawm kho, lwm yam cuab yeej tsis tau nres firing ntawm yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm. Remarkably, tsis muaj fighter underground fortress twb tsis txawm raug mob rau tag nrho cov sij hawm tiv thaiv.

Ib tug txiav txim rau cov kev swb ntawm lub nroog

3 hnub ua ntej lub swb ntawm lub nroog mus rau tus yeeb ncuab roj teeb tau coj tuaj rau explosives. Cov tub rog nyeem tawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 1 Lub kaum hli ntuj rau lub swb ntawm lub nroog thiab tus tawm ntawm cov tub rog. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua zoo cwj pwm ntawm nws thiab tsis xav kom muab lub nroog, tab sis txiav txim yog txiav txim, thiab twb tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis mus rau raws li hais. Nrog ib tug hnyav lub plawv artillerymen npaj mus rau undermine lub txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub roj teeb. Feem ntau cov neeg tua hluav taws tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv kev nuv ntses seiner "Typhoon", "Krasin" thiab "Lub Odessa-1", lub chaw ntawm cov tsuas 40 cov neeg sab laug.

Lub kaum hli ntuj 16, 1941 hmo ntuj, lub heroic roj teeb npog tus ntsoos ntsoos ntawm Odessa Maritime Army yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol, muaj ua yeeb ncuab rau 230 kev txhaj tshuaj. Ces, rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tub rog tub ceev xwm, thaum 4am heroic roj teeb txoj hauj lwm twb tshuab mus, thiab cov neeg ua los ntawm cov coj mus muag qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub nkoj twb raug xa mus rau lub tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol.

Ib tug tribute rau lub heroes

Kev Ris Txiaj Odessans yuav tsis tab sis them tribute mus rau lub heroes thiab tawm hauv lub roj teeb seem tsis muaj kom sai sai. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Regional Council rau 28 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1971 nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib tug memorial rau 411 Odessa roj teeb. Nws yog situated nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los courtyards bombed loj loj phom adorn kwj deg, overgrown ntoo. Tsuas yog ib tug phom raws li ib tug sau ntawm lub memorial, coj los ntawm tej chaw nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub Soviet Far East.

Coj nws raws li qhov plaub zoo kawg li railway platforms nrog 250-tuj crane. Qhia tshwj xeeb uas raug txum tim rov rau hauv lub thib ob rab phom rau nws vaj. Cov thawj thiab thib peb twb mus tas li razvorocheny explosives. Siv los tsim ib tug memorial rau lub roj teeb 411 Odessa duab ntawm cov sij hawm, thiab keeb kwm ntaub ntawv.

Qhov qhib ntawm lub memorial

Cov neeg pej xeem nrog qhib ntawm lub memorial complex rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 30 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Great yeej, Tej zaum 9, 1975. Thaum lub koob tsheej yog tus naas ej paj huam, ex-combatants, them ib tug mus ntsib mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub roj teeb thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, Konstantin Simonov. Nws nyeem cov nqe no nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntxhais. Hais lus muaj cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm lub tsoom fwv thiab cov tub rog kws txawj.

Sau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom ntawm lub sij hawm: lub underwater nkoj "tus me nyuam", lub aircraft, anti-aircraft phom, armored tsheb ciav hlau, cuaj luaj, torpedoes, underwater tej tawg hem, Minesweeper, thiab txawm trams, uas thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog cruised los ntawm "Zastava 2 - pem hauv ntej" thiab coj tawm lub kev txhab .

Odessa tsev cia puav pheej 411 Roj teeb

Nws yog ib cov keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej defenders nco 411 roj teeb Odessa rau qhov chaw nyob: txoj kev Dacha Kovalevsky, 150. Sau txhua txhua hnub tsuas yog Friday, los ntawm 10.00 rau 17.00. Excursions, ob pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug neeg, yuav tsum teem los ntawm kev hu mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov thawj coj los.

Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yuav teev cia teej tug mus rau cov tub rog 411 roj teeb Odessa, cov duab ntawm cov sij hawm, cov duab commanders thiab zoo tib yam Gunners, lawv tus kheej cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam keeb kwm treasures. Ua ib qho kev nthuav sightseeing tours, thaum lub sij hawm uas neeg tuaj xyuas yuav kawm tau ntau cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm lub roj teeb 411 Odessa, keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation thiab cov tiag tiag version ntawm tus cawm cov tub rog, tsis lug paub ntawm cov neeg.

Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub memorial?

Lub complex yuav hu tau los ntawm tram tooj 19 los ntawm lub 16th chaw nres tsheb ntawm Big ciav. Qhov kawg nres - 411 roj teeb Odessa. Yuav ua li cas mus txog tod los ntawm chaw tos tsheb loj mus rau lub memorial? Yooj yim heev. Lawv taug kev ib tug me ntsis. Los ntawm lub nroog center nrog cov Cathedral Square ncaim tooj 175 thiab tus xov tooj 185. Ntawm Peresypskogo choj mus ncaj lub npav naj npawb 191. Ntawm Krivobalkovskogo tojntxas yuav coj tooj 197. Koj yuav tau mus ko taw los ntawm lub xeem nres ntawm trolleybuses tooj 12, 7, xov tooj 11 rau lub Architectural txoj kev.

Tej Odessa mus rau lub delight ntawm tourists thiab tag nrho cov uas xav kom qhia cov shortest txoj kev mus rau lub ntsiab attractions ntawm lub nroog-hero ntawm Odessa.