Malina: cov grades rau Siberia. Hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb yog cog thiab txij nkawm

Leej twg tsis ua npau suav nrog qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov saj qab raspberries? Qhov no yog cov feem ntau nrov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov pib xyaum ua gardeners. Lawv yuav tham endlessly txog lub hom, cog, sau qoob, saj thiab xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab yuav ua li cas cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo jam yog txiv pos!

Tsuas yog tus lub neej ntawm no txiv hmab txiv ntoo: nws cov pa ntau ntau yam dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, ib xyoos ib zaug - nws nyob ntawm lub ntau yam thiab loj hlob cheeb tsam. Tab sis dab tsi kiv cua pos nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab xav kom loj hlob nws no txiv hmab txiv ntoo?

Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los tau bred los ntawm breeders "Siberian" pos - ntau yam nyob rau Siberia, yeej tsim loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.

General ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv raspberries

Txiv pos yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg Rosaceae Luss - Rosaceae, genus Rubus L. Qhov no perennial tsob nroj muaj ib tug shortened voj voog lub neej aboveground cog qhov chaw. Lub hauv paus system yog ib tug rootstock nrog ntau adventitious keeb kwm uas dai rau ib tug tob ntawm 40 cm.

Lub rhizome qe muab ob hom ntawm tu tub tu kiv thiab hloov. Qhov saum toj no-hauv av ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob mus: ib-xyoo tua loj hlob rov qab nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg txias SNAP, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo lawv muab sau, qhuav thiab muab tshem tawm.

Nws yog pom tias pos tawm los nyob rau hauv lub qhov siab thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm txoj kev khiav ntau dua qhov lub stems, qhov ntau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceg tsim rau lawv, thiab yog li ntawd, ntau dua qhov lub tawm los. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau kom sai saib xyuas ntawm kev tsim cov kev pom tej yam kev mob los txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab tua.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog tus txiv pos cultivar rau Siberia

Malina tsis yuav tsum tau tej kev pab tshwj xeeb, txawm li cas los, hais tias qhov no nroj tsuag yog heev raug rau khaub thuas, uas thiaj li tau nws cov sau qoob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj hnyav huab cua. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej koj siv rau cov sau qoob rau ntawm no qoob loo, nws yog tsim nyog los kawm yam uas zoo tshaj plaws haum rau cov av thiab climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam, uas yuav tsum tau zus raspberries. Qib rau Siberia yuav tsum, saum toj no tag nrho, txias-resistant, mature achievers ua ntej pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab resistant rau pests thiab cov kab mob.

Rau kev vam meej sau qoob pos, qhov yuav tsum tau kwv yees li 75 hnub rau lub meej kub tshaj 10 ° C, thiab active ntsuas ntawm mean kub ntawm 1600 mus 1800 ° C. Nyob rau hauv Western Siberia mus ntsib cov kev cov cheeb tsam nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub geographic kab Khanty-Mansiysk, Krasnoyarsk. Nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Siberia yog chaw me me nyob rau hauv lub Selenga Phiab, lub Angara thiab Yenisei, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Far East yog haum rau cog yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov Amur dej phiab.

Siberian pos

Txiv pos reacts adversely mus rau ib tug heev tsawg humidity cua flows: sorokaprotsentnoy ntawm txheeb ze humidity ntawm tsawg tshaj li 40%, thiab pib ib tug thiaj li hu ua "qhuav huab cua", uas yog tsis cuam tshuam txawm ywg ntawm xau. Nws ua rau ib tug drastic yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv loo thiab disfiguring berries.

Hais txog cov yav qab teb Urals, Siberia thiab sab laug Bank ntawm lub Volga, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ho cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau ntau dryness ntawm cov continental kev nyab xeeb.

Breeders tau bred hais yoog mus rau mob hnyav ntawm raspberries. Qib rau Siberia, feem ntau nrov nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam, lub nram qab no:

• Muaj Siberian - qib uas txheem cov nqe lus ntawm berries ripening;
• Early qab zib - ripening txiv pos txig thauj cov Siberian frosts;
• Barnaul - superstoyky te qib;
• Qhov puav pheej - muaj zog zoo ntawm qab zib berries;
• Khoom plig Siberia - Middle-lub caij ntuj no-zog ntau yam, mas resistant rau tus kab mob, dub berries.

Tej yam kev mob rau loj hlob

Ntawm tag nrho cov berries xwb pos yog lub feem ntau xav tau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teeb. Productivity tsub kom nws tua mus rau lub teeb kev txhim kho. Ua li no, nqa tawm trimming, normalization thiab xaiv cov pom kev txhawb pab. Raspberries nyob rau hauv lub vaj exacting rau av noo noo thiab tsis hnov mob rau cov tsis muaj dej. Qhov loj tshaj tseem ceeb yog txuas mus rau sediments nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov loj hlob rau lub caij.

Txiv pos, faib ntau exacting rau dej, nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm tsis tso waterlogged khaus. Tshaj dej nyob rau hauv cov av ua rau tus tuag ntawm cov hauv paus hniav vim tsis muaj oxygen slows cia txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tua yog ncua laus ntawm ntaub so ntswg. Nroj tsuag instantly nws txo qis txias kuj thiab productivity. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus xov tooj ntawm yav hlob nyob rau hauv lub ntub lub ntiaj teb.

Raspberries yog tseem heev demanding rau tus neeg kho tshuab pes tsawg leeg thiab fertile av qhov twg nws hlob. Muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua cog raspberries nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis acidic nruab nrab av zoo ua qoob nrog kua zoo.

Yuav ua li cas mus xaiv ib qhov chaw rau cog

Lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas txiav txim siab mus xaiv rau cog raspberries, yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:

1. Ntshaw nyob ze ntawm lub reservoir rau irrigation ntaus system (los yog vodoskvazhiny).
2. Humus cov ntsiab lus, yuav tsum tau kev tso plantation yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 8% nyob rau hauv weakly acidic los yog nruab nrab xau.
3. Subsoil yuav tsum zoo permeable thiab ib txhij vlagoemok. Ua li no, koj yuav ua tau plowing thiab hoeing.
4. Cov theem ntawm av dej nyob hauv lub cheeb tsam yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab meters los ntawm lub hauv av, raws li cov tu tub tu kiv pos nyhuv dejnum ntev noo noo, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Rau cog yog tsis haum saucers thiab lowlands. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws phiv qhov chaw stagnate cua loj, uas slows cia cov roj hloov lwm lub tsev dab thiab ua rau yus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm fungi thiab khov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
5. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cua tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm lub barrage ntawm fullness ceg txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Nta ntawm sau qoob

Nyob rau ntawm ib thiab tib lub qhov chaw ntawm pos fab yuav paib zoo harvests ntawm kwv yees li yim xyoo. Tom qab no los, raws li lawv hais tias, "qaug ntawm cov av." Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub fact tias as reserves raug depleted, thaum lub hauv paus system yog laus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub plantation accumulates ib tug ntau yam ntawm pathogenic microorganisms, thiab chaw nres nkoj pos.

Hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem no muaj xws li sib txawv cov qoob loo tig system:

1. Bookmark plantations ua ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub tswv yim npaj cheeb tsam. Tom qab plaub los yog tsib lub xyoos cog yog tsiv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab, thiab cov thawj writhe.
2. Rau sufficiently loj cheeb tsam ntawm plantation ntawm xyoo tshiab so. Qhov no saib kuas cov nyob rau ntawm tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog pab pawg thiab ib tug tas mus tig.
3. Alternation ntawm cog raspberries, zaub (tshwj tsis yog Solanaceae) thiab "vapor".

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov yuav xav tias raspberries on ib lub toj siab ntawm nruab nrab toj thiab maj slopes, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob los yog sab hnub poob sab.

Care ntawm seedlings

Txij li thaum cog raspberries thiab yuav nws seedlings tau, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyias nyob nyias ib lub sij hawm, nws tseem ceeb heev kom cov nroj tsuag cov ntaub ntawv uas: nws mus ib ntus dropwise los yog tsuj rau down, menyuam uas lub hauv paus system yog tsis qhuav li vim tsis muaj av compaction.

Txiv pos canes yog tsis faib ib tug loj te aerial qhov chaw. Stems feem ntau ntau ntau yam deteriorate txawm nyob rau hauv rho tawm 28 ° C. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab cov Urals, lawv yuav tsum them rau lub caij ntuj no. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab Western Siberia yog txaus stooping stems mus rau hauv av nrog lawv yub rau hauv cov daus. Nyob rau hauv lub Far East thiab Eastern Siberia yog coj mus npog lawv nrog av (los ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub vineyards).

Qhov saum ntawm cov stems ntawm nroj ntawm raspberries, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis txhob coj ib tug tag nrho-fledged sau, tab sis kev siv nyiaj rau flowering thiab tsim ntawm raum cov as-ham. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv feem ntau khov me ntsis. Vim hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau txiav tawm sai li sai tau tom qab cov nroj tsuag tau sawv los ntawm hibernation.

Txoj kev ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab

Lub degree ntawm ntxoov plantation yog lub tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev xaiv kev kho mob aisles, uas yuav tsum tau pos. Hauj lwm ntawm technology rau kev tshem tawm ntawm dej thiab khaws cia nws raws li nram no:

1. Lub tshaj noo noo cheeb tsam no yog feem ntau yog nqa tawm inter-kab grassing chaw, uas yog, cog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub kab ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov nyom. Nws daim ntawv hnyav tsub kom qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tshaj noo noo, thiab muab ib tug zoo dua dej-cua hom nyob rau hauv cov av txheej, qhov chaw uas cov hauv paus hniav nyob. Yog li ntawd, txawm nyob rau hauv phuam, los nag huab cua nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub kab tsis muaj av thiab daus uas tau yaj me ntsis.
2. Qhov uas tsis muaj dej los yog ntev li evaporation ntawm nws aisle straw Vov. Kaj mulch txheej feem ntau muaj ib tug kub ib ob peb degrees qis dua cov huab cua kub. Yog li ntawd nws tom qab lub hnub mus down, noo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua condenses thiab rov qab mus rau lub av. Hais tias yog, ib tug thiaj li hu ua "qhuav dej" txaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd mulch lub teeb xim qhia lub hnub lub rays, muab lub teeb kab hauv qab no, uas muaj ib tug nyhuv lig rau yuav ua li cas lub txiv pos loj hlob - ntau ntau yam yuav tau ntxiv kev pab them nqi rau Siberia.

cog lub koom haum

Yuav cog, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab rau ib tug rhuav tshem feem. Plantation yog muab faib ua sawb-kab, sim qhia rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw siab tshaj (rau loj loj) thiab dav zog kev phiv cua. Nws tseem yog ntshaw kom qhia cov koob los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, uas enables uniform illumination ntawm lub bushes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sab los ntawm ib tug xov tooj, thiab qhov no nyob rau hauv lem muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau hauv lawv cov productivity.

Cog raspberries nyob rau hauv Siberia yuav ua tau ob qho tib si Autumn thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Thaum lub sij hawm no, koj muaj peev xwm ua tsis muaj dej, uas yog ib tug natural dej.

Nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov ua hauj lwm koj yuav tau manually nqa tawm tsaws, yog hais tias tus thaj tsam ntawm lub plantation yog tsawg tshaj li ib hectare, los yog mechanized, yog lawm.

Yog hais tias cog yog nqa tawm manually, thawj nyob rau hauv lub series yog tsav pegs thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov tensioned hlau los yog qaum. Tom ntej no yog lub cog ntawm lov tas vau nyob rau hauv officers, piv txwv li ob nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo. Ntawm qhov dej rov qab ob txhais taw thiab daim av nyob rau hauv cov tom ntej no qhov lub caij nplooj zeeg pw tsaug zog hauv paus hniav ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los yog ib tug.

Stam ntau ntau yam rau tus mob khaub thuas cheeb tsam

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ib feem yog hu ua boles qia hais tias yog pom los ntawm qhov av mus rau tus thawj ceg. Bole twb tsis muaj sab ceg thiab tua. Nrog kev xav txog cov berries 'Shtambovji "lub npe ntawm ntau yam nws txhais tau tias cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug muaj zog lub cev thiab tsis yuav tsum tau khi, trellises los yog kev txhawb zog.

Kev khiav stam ntau yam ntawm raspberries - ib tug stocky, chim pryamorosly muaj ib qhov siab ntawm txog rau meters. Nws twb tsis muaj sab saum toj wilts, tuab ntoo, thiab cov neeg, qhov no yog hu ua raspberries pos tsob ntoo.

Stam pos Siberia sawv cev los ntawm xws li ntau yam raws li stam-19, Fortress, Tarussa thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv yog ib qho nyuaj thiab tuab stems, nyob rau hauv ob lub caij, muab ib tug ntau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceg nrog tshaj sau. Yog hais tias qhov no shtambe txiav ceg hloov, lub txiv pos hav txwv yeem yuav zoo li ib tsob ntoo uas yuav tsis zoo li txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub ceeb thawj ntawm lub qoob loo. Yog hais tias cov ceg tawm, lawv yuav khoov, tag nrho ntawm berries, tab sis lawv yuav tsis tau mus rau hauv av.

Tua uas otplodonosivshie, txiav, raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa ntau ntau yam.

Loj hlob remontant raspberries nyob rau hauv Siberia

Tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb breeders coj tuaj rau market tshiab ntau ntau yam, hu ua remontant. Nws pom hais tias remontant - qhov zoo tshaj plaws raspberries rau Siberia. Cov nroj tsuag yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ob lub caij, tab sis feem ntau xyaum txhua xyoo sau qoob. Cov tawm los ntawm cov ntau ntau yam tshaj fruiting li ib txwm plaub los yog tsib lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub remontant ntau yam ntau resistant rau tus kab mob, thiab feem ntau transportable thornless.

Monogrades sau qoob hais tias tom qab sau thiab qhov pib ntawm te nyob rau hauv lig Lub kaum hli ntuj otplodonosivshie tua yog txiav los yog txiav kom txog rau thaum cov av theem. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav loj hlob tshiab ceg, thiab ces tus txheej txheem yog rov qab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj thooj landings.

Remontant ntawm ntau yam raspberries rau Siberia hais ib tug txiv pos ntau ntau yam ntawm Indian lub caij ntuj sov, Monomakh lub Cap, Hercules, Bryansk txuj ci tseem ceeb, muab tsis cuag, Chief, Kalashnikov thiab lwm tus neeg nrog me ntsis nroj tsuag lub sij hawm.

Rau ceev sau qoob rau tua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab lub thaw ntawm cov av uas tau kev pab nrog ib tug dub cover cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntoo teem trellis. Raws li tsis ntev li sai tau mus sawv raspberries - hais tias yog daim card los ntawm loj hlob no txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv Siberia.

Pros thiab cons ntawm txhua xyoo remontant raspberries

Qhov zoo ntawm no qoob loo ntawm raspberries yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• otplodonosivshie tshem tawm ntawm stems ua rau nws yooj yim mus tua kab tsuag thiab kab mob;
• Koj tsis tas yuav them rau lub caij ntuj no;
• kev siv cov tshuaj yog tsis tshua;
• ncua lub sij hawm ntawm tau ntawm tshiab raspberries;
• ntau ntau yam yuav tsum tau tsis khi thiab apparatus trellises;
• tuab berries yog tsis da dej, tso cai rau chaw loj loj, koom haum ntawm mechanized ntxawm;
• remontant ntau yam tsim ob peb tua ntawm hloov chaw thiab tua, ua rau nws yooj yim mus tua tshem tawm tab sis cov nyom yug me nyuam rau raspberries.

Lub ntsiab disadvantage ntawm cov ntau ntau yam yog tus nqi siab ntawm seedlings, vim hais tawm los xij txuam nrog ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm offspring. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias txhua xyoo remontant ntau yam ntawm tag nrho cov hwj huam yog muab rau tsim ntawm lub Bush thiab cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv nws, yog li ntawd lub keeb kwm thiab qe tsis muaj lub sij hawm los tsim.