Makhnovshchina - yog anarchism los yog tub sab tub nyiag?

Makhnovshchina - ib tug muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, lub ideology uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm anarchism. Lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub anarchists - Nestor Makhno. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Civil rog, tus tsov daim duab ntawm Nestor Makhno nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw, qhov no mythical hero, thiab nyob rau hauv lub official ntaub ntawv yog sharply tsis zoo daim duab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, cov nom tswv adventurer, ib tug bandit. Cov le caag tsis txhob sawv ntsug rau kev thuam, tsis muaj txaus qhov tob, loj documentary sib cav. Lawv tau tsim ib tug tsis ncaj ncees lawm daim duab no tsis tsuas yog ib tus neeg tab sis rau tag nrho cov tshwm sim ntawm kev lub neej, xws li cov Makhnovshchina thaum lub sij hawm lub Civil War.

Thaum lub zog yug Nestor Makhno?

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb yuav tau yuav tau li 1918. Makhnovshchina thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog muaj ib tug kev sib raug zoo portrait. Cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Makhno mus sab qab teb Katerinoslavshchina peasants, uas nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Soviet hwj chim nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm 1919. Nws yog hais txog lub sij hawm no ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no thiab xa mus rau nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no. Ces txoj kev Makhnovists thiab cov tub rog liab pib diverge ntxiv thiab ntxiv. Dua li no, lub rebels tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm Denikin, Wrangel thiab ces.

Nestor Makhno - ib tug txawj ntse organizer

Nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, Nestor Makhno qhia nws tus kheej ib tug txawj ntse organizer thiab thawj guerrilla commander. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj, ntawm tej lub sij hawm koom kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm peasants.

Hauv plawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov Makhnovists thiab lub Soviet cov tub ceev xwm nteg rejection peasantry txoj cai ntawm "kev tsov kev rog communism", raws li zoo raws li txawv views ntawm lub Bolsheviks thiab anarchists nyob rau lub xeev lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm socialism. Tom qab cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus tshiab economic txoj cai ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov peasants tshuav Makhno pab tub rog. Makhnovshchina - ib tug muaj zog uas pib mus kis tau cov cim ntawm kev nom kev tswv gangsterism. Obviously, qhov no tseeb thiab ua Makhno, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov blows ntawm lub Red Army, kom tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1921 hla ciam teb nrog Romania.

Nyhuv on Nestor Mahno anarchistic zog

Echoes ntawm nws views muaj nyob rau hauv lub Makhnovshchina. No lub zog tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm "brainchild" ntawm Nestor Makhno. Insurgents feem ntau hu ua ib yam dab tsi lwm tus li "txiv."

Qhov no ntxeev siab title nws yog zoo siab thiab feem ntau cuv npe rau pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv.

Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1918 Nestor Makhno tswj kom sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua feem ntau ntawm cov ntxeev siab pawg kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Qhov kawg ntawm 1918, Nestor Makhno, ua ke nrog lub Soviet pab tub rog ua ib tug daring lag luam mus txeeb Ekaterinoslav, tab sis txoj kev vam meej yog short-lived. Lub nroog yuav tsum tau dhau nrog tseem ceeb losses.

Nestor Makhno thiab lub Soviet tsoom fwv

Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1919, ib tug pom zoo rau kev nkag teb chaws ntawm nws pab tub rog tau kos npe los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Nestora Mahno nyob rau hauv lub liab Zadneprovski cov kev faib raws li lub koob thib 3 Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - ib tug muaj zog uas txawv kev ua siab loj nyob rau hauv lub battles tiv thaiv cov tub rog ntawm lub Entente thiab dawb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1919. Lawv tau ntes Mariupol. Tab sis, ntawm cov rebels thiab cov Bolsheviks muaj ntse sib txawv nyob rau hauv ideological teeb meem. Makhno yuav tsis paub txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dictatorship ntawm lub proletariat thiab cov "kev tsov kev rog communism", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov seem thiab cov kev sib tham ntawm ua liaj ua teb. Cov contradictions tau ua aggravated nrog rau kev quab yuam nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1919, coj mus rau kev sib nrig sib accusations thiab los ua ib tug stumbling block nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo tom qab Trotsky launched ib tug nriaj tawm tsam cov "partisan" nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian pem hauv ntej.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub anarchist zog nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm cov tub rog A.Denikin

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1919, Nestor Makhno tshaj tawm lub creation ntawm ib tug revolutionary insurgent pab tub rog ntawm Ukraine. Nws siv zog tau teem feem nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam Denikin, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm coj tshaj feem ntau ntawm cov Ukraine, thiab coj ib tug muaj kev vam meej offensive rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj Makhno nkag mus rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm alliance nrog lub Army Ukrainian neeg 's koom pheej rau ob leeg txiav txim tawm tsam Denikin. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Peregonovka nyob ze Uman Makhnovists tsoo choicest tub ceev xwm rhawv dawb, ces ua ib tug sai tua nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine, ces nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1919 yuav luag tag disorganized lawv. Makhno thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no yog tej lub nroog ntawm Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, ntau, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Qhov no tseem ceeb fact tau yuam General A. Denikin tus zoo tshaj plaws cavalry units muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub Bolshevik pem hauv ntej thiab muab pov rau lawv tawm tsam rebels. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, tso cai rau liab nres tus ua ntej ntawm Anton Denikin, thiab tig tom tsim nyob rau hauv lawv cov haum. Tab sis lub sij hawm no ib tug tag nrho-fledged alliance nrog liab Makhno ua tsis tau tejyam.

Thaum Denikin txaus ntshai tau kov yeej, cov tub rog liab los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 1920 coj lub sib ntaus rau rhuav tshem cov Makhnovist. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1920 ua tus kawg 3 tua nyob rau hauv lub sab laug-Bank Ukraine, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, rhuav lub 1400 miles. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1920 lub tswv yim reused Makhno nyob rau hauv tsov rog nrog rau cov tub rog ntawm General Wrangel. Makhnovist cavalry raided rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb, koom nyob rau hauv lub hla ntawm lub Sivash thiab Perekop puas tiv thaiv thiab Yushuni. Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub capture ntawm lub Crimea liab nyob rau hauv nruj secrecy launched ib tug tshiab lub lag luam ua kom puas lub rebels.

Makhnovshchina, xyoo ntawm creation uas yuav tsum tau hu ua nyob rau hauv 1918, tau muaj ib tug cim feem rau cov txheej xwm ntawm lub Civil War nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Ukraine.