Lub teeb photosynthesis theem xwm ntawm tus txheej txheem

Photosynthesis raws li ib tug tshuaj phenomenon yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas organic tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm reacting dej thiab carbon dioxide. Ib qho tseem ceeb mob yog hais tias tus txheej txheem ndlwg ntawm lub teeb, nrog rau cov kev mus koom tes ntawm lub photosynthetic tshuaj. Rau muaj xws tshuaj yog chlorophyll, cov kab mob - bacteriochlorophyll.

Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog los ntawm cov xwm yog multi-theem thiab lub quantum xwm. Multistage manifested nyob rau hauv lub fact tias thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis dab tshwm sim sequentially tau txais, hloov, thiab siv tus tau txais quantum ntawm lub teeb lub zog. Ib tug xws li transformation yog cov pom ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide rau hauv organic teeb meem. Ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov muaj hwj huam thiab ATP molecule tebchaw hu ua lub teeb theem ntawm photosynthesis. Lub ntsiab mob zoo tshaj thiab cov ndlwg ntawm rau theem no yog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teeb lub zog. Lub mechanism rau kom ntseeg tau qhov no transformation raws li lub teeb theem ntawm photosynthesis yuav schematically muaj tuaj raws li nram qab no. Chlorophyll, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub week nyob rau hauv lub chloroplasts ntawm cov nroj tsuag, absorbs tus teeb fluxes ntawm cov hnub ci zog. Ces, no lub zog txhawb kev twb kev txuas ntsiab phosphoric acid nrog cov ntsiab ntawm cov ATP thiab ADP molecules. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no teeb lub zog ua hauj lwm tsis xaus. Sib nrug los ntawm raug kev fusion molecules, no lub zog ua kom mus nqa tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov dej splitting ntsiab. Ntawm no, lub teeb theem ntawm photosynthesis ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv 2H20 = 4H + + 4e- + O2. Raws li yuav pom, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua hauj lwm pab evolved oxygen uas ces nkag mus rau ib tug dawb daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej, nyob rau hauv uas pom tau hais cov teeb theem ntawm photosynthesis, yog qhov ua kom ntawm chlorophyll molecules. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub teeb quanta chlorophyll molecule lub electron tsiv mus rau ib tug ntau dua electron theem nyob rau hauv lub molecule qauv. Catalysts thiab electron muaj uas yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub chloroplast proteins. Dhau los ntawm ib tug ib theem zuj zus cov ntaub ntawv cab kuj cov nqaijrog, chlorophyll molecule lub electron yog yuam kom poob nws lub zog, thiab nws yog npaum rau lub txij nkawm ntawm lub redox txheej txheem ntawm ATP molecules.

Yog li poob nws lub zog thiab lub ntsiab (electrons), chlorophyll molecule raug txum tim rov los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm electrons uas yog cov tshwm sim ntawm cov khiav twb hais saum toj no cleavage cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov dej lwg me me. Tsim hydrogen nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cleavage yog tsim nrog rau lwm yam khoom uas uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev ua tau lub luag hauj lwm conveyor nyob rau hauv lub chloroplast.

Nroj tsuag lawm muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti tej yam kev mob, i.e. thaum lub khiav ntawm lub teeb zog muaj. Yog li ntawd, photosynthesis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thiab tsaus kauj ruam, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw dag ntawm lub casing thiab cov chloroplast thylakoids. Rau theem no ntawm lub teeb lub zog yog tsis xav tau, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej muaj ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm kev ntawm transformation ntawm carbon dioxide molecules nkag mus rau lawv cov huab cua. Cov tshwm sim ntawm tej transformations protrudes tsim ntawm zib molecules, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thiab lwm yam organic tebchaw. Tej tebchaw xws li amino acids, nucleotides, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov paub glycerol.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus photosynthesis theem kev sib cais, kev faib xam nyob rau hauv kev kawm no tej yam ntuj tso kev los ntawm hom. Lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav yog C3 photosynthesis, thiab C4 photosynthesis, uas tsim, ntsig txog, thiab peb ntawm plaub-compound.