Lub Linux operating system rau cov tsis muaj zog computers: lub subtleties ntawm installation thiab configuration

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tshem ntawm cov nyiaj them yug XP, "lub qub poj niam" nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2014, cov system tseem stands rau txhiab tus computers nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog laus thiab qaug zog tshuab uas "windose" 8.7.10 xav "qeeb." Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum caij!

Yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau cov system hloov?

Muaj hnub nyoog XP - ntau tshaj li 14 xyoo. Ruaj ntseg tshuab, lub sij hawm tsis "refreshing" thaj ua rau thaj los ntawm cov hloov tshiab Center, yog tsis muaj lawm kom nquag plias. Yog hais tias koj lub computer yog tseem muaj nqis XP, koj raug txiav txim siab uas yuav muaj poob tag nrho cov ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm siab phem software (antivirus, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no koj yuav pab tsis tau). Ib tug cawm koj ib tug ntawm cov Linux tshuab rau qeeb qeeb computers.

Uas los xaiv?

Txij li thaum lub "hlau" laus computers lub tswv yim yuav co tshwj tsis yog tias nws archaism, yuav tau xaiv cov teeb, tab sis nrog rau feem ntau "phooj ywg" version. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub "Linux" nyob rau hauv kev txawv heev coj tus system uas yuav tsum tau, tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Ua ntej, qhov sib txawv ntawm loj versions. Secondly, muaj variations ntawm lub cev, uas tau khiav lag luam yuav luag rau lub laij lej.

Nov yog tib lub Gentoo newcomer tsis xa, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog zoo dua mus nrhiav rau ib yam dab tsi yooj yim. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi Linux yuav tsum tau xaiv rau qeeb qeeb computers? Tus taw tes yog tsis yooj yim, yog li ntawd los ntawm cov kev xaiv yuav tsum tau mus heev kom huv si.

cov kev xaiv ntawm feem ntau

Cov tub txawg xav kom tso lawv cov xim rau Linux Mint. Qhov no system yog Ameslikas nkag nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm graphical plhaub. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov zoo heev rau cov laus lub qhov rais XP. Txawm Cinnamon (ib tug ntawm lawv) ua hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov laus "hlau", thiab tsuas yog khub niam txiv los yog XFCE (los yog LDXE) rau "lub tsev laus" computers thiab fits txig li.

Kom txog rau thaum kuj ntev los no, rau installation rau cov laus desktops thiab laptops yuav muab kev pom zoo "Ubuntu" ... Tab sis tom qab nws developers tau tsiv mus rau lub "kev sib sau", rau novice neeg siv yuav pib loj teeb meem nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub system. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tshiab graphical plhaub xav "pushes" txawm ib tug tshiab "hlau", uas yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo graphics card thiab processor yog haib txaus. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub tswv ntawm "antiques", qhov no version ntawm Linux yog txhob.

Yog hais tias koj "dinosaur" yog tsim nyog tsawg kawg yog ib gigabyte ntawm RAM, koj yuav zaum ua hauj lwm rau "masthead» Cinnamon. Rau lwm tus neeg mob, peb xav kom Xfce. Nws yog ib qhov plhaub yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm. Txawm hais tias koj xaiv lwm Linux rau qeeb qeeb computers, tab sis nyob rau tib lub GUI (thiaj hu ua graphical ib puag ncig), cov tswv yim tseem yuav pab tau rau koj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj yuav kawm txog cov yooj yim tshaj plaws cov lus qhia, uas yuav tseem yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Yuav ua li cas los npaj rau cov kev hloov?

Yuav pib, koj yuav tsum mus download tau lub ISO, cov duab ntawm Linux Mint. Nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam UltraISO los yog zoo li hlawv nws mus rau lub flash drive. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws volume yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2 GB. Ceeb toom! Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug txiav deleted thaum lub system yog cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv, uas ua ntej nyob rau hauv lub disk drive. Yog li ntawd kom paub tseeb tias nyob rau hauv lub flash drive tsis muaj tej yam tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv!

Thaum kawg, yog hais tias tus disk nrog "windose" Lub kaw lus kuj muaj ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb rau koj, nco ntsoov cia rau tshem tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Peb xav qhia rau koj tsis tau luam cov ntaub ntawv rau lub disk "D" los yog ib zajlus kom muab faib! Qhov tseeb yog tias inexperienced novices thaum "Linux" feem ntau "tua" tag nrho cov markup "windose" yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho cov drives yuav raug rhuav tshem!

pib lub installation

Ntxig rau lub flash drive rau hauv tej muaj connector USB (tab sis nws yog zoo dua siv lub rear) thiab pib dua koj lub computer. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, koj yuav tsum hloov cov khau raj thiaj nyob rau hauv lub BIOS. Nyob rau ntau computers rau ib qho yooj yim nkag tau mus rau cov khau raj ntawv qhia zaub mov yog F11 thiab F12. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseeb tsuas yog rau ib tug tshiab kuj computers thiab laptops.

Yog hais tias koj yog cov cia li nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem no, nws yog tsim nyog los siv BIOS nta. Yuav tsum tau rau no khawm yog li qhia nyob rau hauv thawj zaug khau raj tshuaj ntsuam. Cov feem ntau siv Del qhov tseem ceeb thiab F2. Koj kuj yuav nrhiav tau cov yam khoom khau raj rau qhov Priority thiab teem pib nrog tus thawj yam khoom nyob rau hauv flash drive. Ces koj yuav tau pib dua koj lub computer. Kom txuag tau tus nqis, thiab ces reboot mus rau hauv lub BIOS meant feem ntau F10.

Thiab yog hais tias lub computer tsis pom lub USB-tsav?

Yog hais tias koj lub computer yog heev qub, khau raj los ntawm cov flash drive tej zaum tsis ua hauj lwm vim hais tias cov "hlau" rau nws yog tsis npaj, nyob rau hauv tus. Zoo, thiab muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm: siv rau ntawm lub DVD. Twb tus tsav rau tus kho qhov muag tsav nyob rau hauv lub qub computer, muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum! Txuag cov duab mus rau ib tug CD koj yuav pab tau free kev pab cuam CDBurnerXP los yog Nero. Cov yav tas yog tsis yog ib tug dawb tab sis ntau haumxeeb. Yog hais tias koj muaj kev nkag tau mus rau ib tug computer nrog ib tug "windose" 7/8, ces ntxiv nqi hluav taws xob yog tsis yuav tsum tau, raws li cov tshuab txhawb cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv discs chiv.

Thaum txhua yam tiav lawm, koj yuav nruab Linux rau qeeb qeeb computers. Feem ntau cov yuav, koj tseem yuav tau mus rau hauv lub BIOS nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas peb tau piav saum toj no. Yog hais tias koj tau ua txhua yam kom raug, lub installer screen yuav tshwm sim.

Kuaj thiab installation

Tseem Ceeb! Linux installation yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog tom qab koj paub tseeb tias qhov lag luam ntawm lub OS rau koj lub computer. Tsis txhob txhawj: rau bootable xov xwm, koj yuav yeej ib txwm nrhiav ib tug nyob-version ntawm lub system. Nrog nws, koj yuav saib tau raws nraim seb puas los yog tsis tau tsiv mus nyob rau lub tshiab OS kiag li. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav xyuas qhov tseeb lag luam ntawm lub wireless kev sib txuas lus module thiab pom tias haum rau no version ntawm lub "Linux" koj daim video.

Thaum Linux Live muaj loaded, nyem rau ntawm qhov icon nrog lub zog nyob rau hauv lub sab laug ces kaum, prompting zos analog "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov. Nrhiav cov ntsiab lus "system" thiab "tej chaw": lawv sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov "hardware" ntawm koj lub computer. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov paub, tag nrho cov cai. Nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam ntsiab lus koj yuav tau txais ntsib nrog cov kev pab cuam uas muaj nrog no system.

Peb kos koj cov xim rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub "nyob" system ntawm tag nrho cov lus Askiv-cov lus interface. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ruam tag. Thaum nws yog tua los ntawm cov Linux installation, koj muaj peev xwm xaiv Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv thawj teeb screen. Qhov kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem koj yuav tau ib tug kiag li laus, npaj-rau-siv system.

sib

Yog hais tias txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, thiab koj txoj kev ntawm kev siv zoo, tsuas nias rau ntawm lub icon "Nruab Linux Mint», uas yog nyob rau hauv lub desktop. Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau tej installer kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub "windose" thawj yuav tsum teem lub yooj yim tsis.

Ua ntej, qhov kev pab cuam yuav tshawb xyuas cov muaj chaw thiab nyob rau ntawm ib tug Internet kev twb kev txuas. Cia li nco ntsoov tias nws yuav zoo dua kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub network yog, raws li qhov no yuav txo tau cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntxiv "gestures": tag nrho cov tshiab thiab cov lus packs yuav tsum downloaded nyob rau theem ntawm installation, yog li ntawd koj tsis muaj yuav ua rau nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Koj muaj tsuas mus xaiv koj lub sij hawm zoo noj, muab ib lo lus zais, tus neeg siv lub npe, thiab lub keyboard layout. Tsis zoo li "windose" tso tseg lo lus zais xaiv yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, ces koj zoo muab nws sau cia qhov chaw, tsis txhob hnov qab txog.

Tsuas yog ces Linux system pib luam cov ntaub ntawv rau koj tsav nyuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tus txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm ntawm 30-45 feeb zog. Thaum txhua yam yog npaj txhij, lub kaw lus yuav kiag koj kom reboot: ua tib zoo saib cov zaub, raws li muaj yuav tsum tau hais dab tsi taw tes koj xav kom tshem tawm cov installation xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas kuv yuav tsum tau ua tom qab txhim kho?

Raws li peb hais, tej version ntawm Linux uas siv Xfce ib puag ncig, los ntawm cov xwm yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nrog cov laus cov khoom zoo siab hlo. Tam sim ntawd tom qab txiav nyob hauv, koj yuav pom ib tug yooj yim haum thiab tej desktop. Yog hais tias koj muaj tsawg kawg yog ib co kev uas lub computer, nrog nws koj yuav muaj tseeb yuav rhuav sai sai thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Raws li txoj cai, tej teeb meem yuav tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog tias cov zaub daws teeb meem. Nws hloov los ntawm "tej chaw / Pab." Tag nrho cov npe yuav twb tau nyob rau hauv lub "haiv neeg thiab muaj hwj chim": Lavxias teb sab Linux nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog txawm yooj yim mus teev thiab kawm!

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog, kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau ntsia rau lawv tus kheej, tsis siv neeg teeb video rau ib co yog vim li cas tsis tau ua hauj lwm. Txhawj tsis: koj yuav tsum mus rau cov zaub mov "System / tsav Manager", xaiv los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov ib tug uas "pom zoo" yog cim los ntawm cov lus, nyem rau ntawm qhov "Apply hloov" tos kom txog thaum tus txheej txheem yog siab ua kom tiav, thiab ces pib dua lub computer. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas ib tug wireless kev sib txuas lus muaj ib co teeb meem, kuj siv tau cov "thawj tswj tsav tsheb."

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thaum soj ntsuam txog nrog "Mintom" muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg lub qhov rais XP teeb meem tshwm sim tsis tshua txog tej cov neeg siv. Yog li ntawd Linux teeb yuav ua tau ib tug teeb meem ntawm tsis paub, tab sis mus rau tiv nrog nws yooj yim txaus.

Ua hauj lwm nrog daim ntawv thov cov cuab yeej

Rau tag nrho cov loj kev pab cuam yog nkag ntawm "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov. Los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb bar mus tau yooj yim nrhiav tau cov cuab yeej, cov chaw uas koj tsis paub. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pib typing th, los yog "mail", lub system tam sim ntawd qhia txog cov mail daim ntawv thov Thunderbird. Pom zoo rau kev txhim kho cov feem ntau siv cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub "taskbar". Ua li no, nias rau ntawm daim ntawv thov icon nrog rau txoj kev nas khawm thiab xaiv cov kev kawm yam khoom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov yuav pop up.

"Program Manager" yuav pab koj rau nruab cov daim ntawv thov software, uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub system chiv. Yuav kom pib, "System", mus rau cov zaub mov. Txij li thaum lub "saib xyuas" ntau txhiab ntawm cov kev pab cuam txheeb los ntawm pawg, txawm rau inexperienced neeg siv stupor cia li tsis tshwm sim, "Internet", "Suab thiab yees duab", "Graphics", "ua si" yuav pab tau koj xaiv qhov kev kawm daim ntawv thov. Muaj kuj yog ib tug tshawb fawb muaj nuj nqi, uas ntxiv tswj lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrog rau qhov no pab tau pob. Piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm ntaus rau hauv lub box nrhiav ib tug Skype, yog li koj tam sim ntawd kis tau mus rau lub installation ntawm tus neeg lub qhov rais.

Nyob rau hauv kev, Linux cov neeg siv muaj phav phav kev cawm rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm "windose". Cia li nyob rau hauv feem ntau lawv yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug me ntsis txawv. Yuav nrhiav tau cov feem ntau haum rau koj daim ntawv thov, koj yuav thov kev pab mus rau lub hwjchim loj dua ntais Internet.

Nrhiav lo lus nug yuav formulated no raws li koj xav. Khawb nyob rau hauv lub chiv keeb, tej zaum koj yuav nrhiav tau koj yam tshuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev! Tsis txhob disdain kev pab los ntawm "Ubuntu" lub zej lub zos. Cov ob distributions (lub ntsiab lus kuj yog "Mint") ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus kiag li zoo sib xws, yog li ntawd cov neeg siv cov tswv yim meej yuav tsis tau superfluous.

Zoo rau lub "Teeb Center"

Piv txwv hais tias koj tau pom raws nraim lub npe ntawm qhov kev pab cuam uas koj xav tau mus ua hauj lwm. Nws lub npe yuav tsum tau theej thiab Document rau hauv lub box nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub "Manager". Nco ntsoov tias inexperienced neeg uas peb xav kom cov kev siv nws yog lawv, es download tau lub installation pob khoom los ntawm hauv Internet. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, yog li ntawd koj tau tshaj txhim khu kev qha thiab cov pov thawj tawm. Secondly, ib tug yuav ua tau siab kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas yog tau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev. Txawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Linux tsis txhob muab tej kev tiv thaiv yog tias ntsia "tshuav" los ntawm obscure qhov chaw daim ntawv thov.

Peb, tag nrho cov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe yuav tsum muab kho centrally, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog lub system. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog yooj yim, tab sis kuj tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm koj lub computer thiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm nws nyuaj tsav. Los ntawm txoj kev hais lus, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub update qhia cov ntaub thaiv npog icon, nyob rau hauv lub sab ces kaum. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau, ces, mus rau lub "System" ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv qhov kev tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm lub system txawj tej yam ntxiv cov txheej txheem koj khiav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hom.

Tsis nco qab txog qhov "Kuv Computer"

Mus saib tau lub analogue ntawm lub "Kuv Computer", koj yuav tsum nias rau ntawm lub icon nrog daim nplaub tshev icon nyob rau hauv rau sab laug ces kaum (nyob rau hauv lub "System Tais"). Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais uas qhib muaj ib lub tsev icon, uas yog sau lub npe uas koj tau xaiv thaum lub sij hawm installation. Nyem rau nws. Ib qhov rais qhib cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas nws yog tus ib txwm hom, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav xaiv tau ib tug nplaub tshev hu ua "Video", "duab", "Cov ntaub ntawv" thiab thiaj on. D. Peb ntseeg tau hais tias nrog lawv lub sij hawm, koj yuav tsum tau to taub koj tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, saib mus rau USB tshem nruab nrab yuav txawm yooj yim dua thiab tsis yuav tsum tau tus neeg siv yuav tsis muaj dag zog. Puas hais tias muaj kom khov kho muab qhov tseeb hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub "Linux" rau xa mus rau ib qho nyuaj drives. Thaum koj ntsaws rau hauv ib lub eeb tsav los yog ib tug optical disk, lub system tsis tsuas qhia txog lawv kev vam meej mounting (kev twb kev txuas), tab sis kuj coj lawv cov icon nyob rau hauv lub desktop. Tej yam yooj yim thiab yooj yim heev!

Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas nyob rau hauv koj lub computer rau hauv lub tshuab ob ( "windose" thiab "Linux"), thov nco ntsoov tias Linux partitions nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej yog tsis pom! Yog li ntawd yuav ceev faj tsis txhob rho tawm hauv cov "windose" inexperience!

kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem tsis ua si xws li ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, raws li yog hais tias peb tham txog cov ib txwm "Windu." Tiam sis ntawm no, hmoov tsis, tsis txhob so. Koj yuav tsum ua raws li tej yam yooj yim ceev faj.

Basic kev ruaj ntseg nta twb tau hais los ntawm peb saum toj no. Tus thawj - ib tug system lo lus zais yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau muab tso rau, thiab rau circumvent tus mob no yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nws yuav tsum tau ua tswvcuab thaum ua tej haujlwm uas ua hauj lwm uas cas cuam tshuam rau cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm koj lub computer. Tsis muaj tus password, lub hypothetical attacker yuav tsis tau los ua kom paub rau koj lub computer tej siab phem kev pab cuam. Qhov thib ob lub caij no yog lub ruaj khov installation ntawm tshiab. Qhov zoo ces, hais tias "Minty", txoj kev ua no yog ib qho yooj yim thiab pom tseeb.

Yog hais tias koj them tshwj xeeb mloog mus ruaj ntseg teeb meem, koj yuav nruab ntxiv cov kev pab uas tswj no parameter. Nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua hauj lwm siv hais kom ua kab khiav. Rau lub hom phiaj no lub davhlau ya nyob twg, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov keyboard shortcut Yeej + T.