Lub keeb kwm thiab lub tswvyim ntawm caricature: dab tsi yog classical thiab kawm caricature?

Caricature (txhais los ntawm Italian) txhais tau tias ib tug exaggeration. Close rau nws los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib tug caricature, lub grotesque thiab lub txheem.

Cartoons: yog dab tsi?

Art yog lossi hloov, muaj tej kev tshiab thiab tshiab nyob rau hauv nws lub cev. Caricature - nws yog ib tug heev ntev-sawv ib hom ntawv nyeem painting. Art historians paub ob tug ntawm cov yooj yim tshaj plaws tswv yim, uas muaj peev xwm piav txog cov hom ntawv nyeem:

1. Ib tug humorous daim duab nyob rau hauv uas ib tug funny nyhuv yog tiav los ntawm txoj kev exaggeration thiab hov cov yooj yim nta, thiab kev siv ntawm txawv txawv artistic hom kev kawm, similes thiab kev sib piv.

2. Ib hom ntawv nyeem graphics, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug satirical txoj kev thim tseem ceeb kev, kev nom kev tswv, keeb kwm cov txheej xwm los yog piav qhia txog tej hom ntawm cov neeg.

Thaum tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Cartoons - uas yog," yuav heev nthuav kom paub lub keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm no kos duab taw qhia. Thiab nws originated ntev dhau los.

Caricature txij ancient sij hawm twb xam tau tias yog ib tug zoo heev txoj kev mus ua kev lom zem ntawm nws cov yeeb ncuab, qhov tseem ceeb nws shortcomings. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws qhia cov teeb meem ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus huab tais Napoleon Bonaparte fiercely ntxub Fabkis tas lauv uas sawv cev rau nws raws li ib tug ntsias nyob rau hauv ib tug loj peb-cornered lub kaus mom. Mikhail Kutuzov commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob ntawm lub pab tub rog txawm kom tus creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb feature ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm cov duab kos, thiab thuam Corsican.

Cartoons nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tag nrho cov tshiab tiam sis muaj ib txwm los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 Lavxias teb sab aristocracy los ua cuab kav nrog ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov kos duab, xws li Fabkis caricature. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem tau zoo li zoo interwoven nrog journalism. Thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm funny drawings, thiab nyob rau hauv lawv ntxiv piav qhia seb yog xwm nyob rau hauv lub tas luav. Tom qab ntawd qhov yuav tsum tau rau npe zoo. nqus cov txheej txheem tau zoo dua thiab yog tsis muaj lawm yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv piav qhia txog yam qab hau nws nqa. Txawm li cas los, lub tsarist censorship siv nruj tswj tshaj lub tas lauv txoj kev loj hlob. Yuav ua li cas yog kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tsis muaj yuav tsum tau piav qhia. Tej duab uas bureaucrats muaj teeb meem ntawm cov nom tswv kev txiav txim, tsis tau tso cai rau sau. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tas lauv raws li ib tug ib hom ntawv nyeem twb unstoppable. Qhov tseem stinging duab thiab dhau los ntawm txhais tes mus rau tes, thiab txawm repainted.

Tab sis cov nom kuj tsim ib tug caricature. Muaj ntau loj cov ntaub ntawv rho humorous departments tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv. Feem ntau cov feem ntau caricatures tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nias social thiab kev nom kev tswv, thiab sawv cev hai ntxias, me me tradesmen thiab thieving bureaucrats. Muaj kuj tau nrov heev tas lauv thiab hais tias ua kaw embodiment lus xaiv feem ntau twb tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, caricatures ntawm cov poj niam spinning nyob rau hauv sawv voj voog, coj lub xeem ntau ntawm cov yaam puab paub.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tuaj thawj Lavxias teb sab magazine satire "jumble" los ntawm cov publishing tsev ntawm tus naas ej artist Nevakhovich, uas yog feem ntau nws tus kheej tsim lub drawings rau cov chav.

Ib tug tas luav nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej, xws li kos duab, tau subordinated mus rau ib lub hom phiaj - mus sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov sab nraud yeeb ncuab, capitalism, thiab kev coj tsis ncaj cov nqi ntawm lub tsev socialism. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus rau tas lauv ua qaug dej qaug cawv, kev tub nkeeg, cab, hooliganism. Cov qualities yuav nrees luag thuam nrov cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis, raws li nyob rau hauv tej totalitarian tsoom fwv, muaj thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov underground tas lauv. Yuav ua li cas yog kev tsim txom ntawm lub hwj chim, censorship, lub arbitrariness ntawm lub zos ua hauj lwm thiab cov neeg txhaum ntawm tus tshiab nom tswv system - cov no yog cov lus nug uas ntxias tau sim los teb cov lus nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm caustic drawings.

niaj hnub tas lauv

Tom qab lub Soviet Union tsaus muag, tsis tsim nyog thiab tag nrho cov-tawm censorship. Tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov threads tau qhib. Tab sis qhov tseem nrov yog nom tswv tas lauv. Caricatures ntawm niaj hnub ua hauj lwm thiab cov pej xeem nuj nqis uas tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xov xwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fond ntawm ntxias odious duab Vladimira Zhirinovskogo. Tsis tas li ntawd kos tas lauv rau cov tshiab ntsiab lus: criminals, oligarchs, tshiab views on nom tswv nriaj. Tam sim no lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Internet.

tas luav Tsev khaws puav pheej

Txhua hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov kos duab tsim nyog mus devote nws ib tug neeg exhibition. Yog li ntawd, "Lub siab heev ntaiv" tsev cia puav pheej ntawm kev lom zem twb qhib nyob rau hauv Voronezh nyob rau hauv 2011. Nws tsim yog ib tug nrov cartoonist Ivan Anchukov. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj tas mus li miv, thiab cov phab ntsa uas mus rau qhov chaw lawv ua hauj lwm txhua leej txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas thiab feemxyuam ntxias. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, I. Anchukov npaj rau kev mus qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv tas lauv. Tsev khaws puav pheej qhua yuav nyiam cov archives, uas tuas paintings los ntawm ntau eras, zog, humorous txoj kev tshwm sim, T-shirts thiab t-shirts nrog funny duab, funny tos txais cards, raws li zoo raws li lub cim sau phau ntawv lub sketches. Tsev khaws puav pheej Creator xeeb thiab siv cov thawj chessboard nrog ib tug caricature rau nws.