Lub Italian composer yam Dzhuzeppe: biography, creativity thiab lub neej zaj dabneeg

Yam Dzhuzeppe, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm - tus naas ej Italian composer. Xyoo ntawm nws lub neej - 1813-1901. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg tsis txawj tuag tej hauj lwm ntawm yam Dzhuzeppe tsim. Biography ntawm lub composer yeej tsim nyog ntawm cov xim.

Nws ua hauj lwm yog xav tau cov high point ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev lub teb chaws. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua kev pab them nqi ntawm yam raws li ib tug composer. Nws twb mas hais txog ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm opera. Tus thawj ntawm cov yam tsim, thaum nws yog 26 xyoo ( "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio"), thiab lub xeem nws sau nyob rau hauv 80 xyoo ( "Falstaff"). Tus neeg sau ntawm cov koob yees duab: 32 (nrog rau cov tshiab editorial tej hauj lwm sau ua ntej lawm) yog yam Dzhuzeppe. Nws biography thiab hnub no yog ib yam uas zoo txaus siab, thiab yam lub creation nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab repertoire ntawm theaters thoob ntiaj teb.

Keeb kwm, thaum yau

Giuseppe yug nyob rau hauv Roncole. Lub zos yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Parma, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Napoleonic faj tim teb chaws. Cov duab qhia tau hais tias lub tsev hauv qab no, nyob rau hauv uas lub composer twb yug los thiab siv nws thaum yau xyoo. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws txiv coj lub tsev muag khoom noj luam thiab muaj ib tug wine cellar.

Nyob rau hauv lub zos lub tsev teev ntuj organist nws tau txais nws thawj zaj lus qhia suab paj nruag yam Dzhuzeppe. Nws biography yog cim lub thawj loj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1823. Yog tias thaum lub neej yav tom ntej composer raug xa mus rau Busseto, ib tug nyob sib ze lub zos, qhov uas nws hais ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 11 xyoo, Giuseppe pib qhia pronounced suab paj nruas txuj ci. Tus tub los ua yeeb yam organist ntawm Roncole.

Giuseppe A. Baretstsi pom, ib tug nplua nuj ua lag luam ntawm Busseto, uas nkag rau hauv lub rooj ntev zaum tus me nyuam tub txiv thiab muaj zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Lub neej yav tom ntej composer yuam ua hauj lwm tau txais lawv cov suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv rau tus neeg no. Baretstsi coj nws mus rau nws lub tsev, ntiav ib tug me nyuam tub los ua ib tug zoo xib fwb thiab them rau nws txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv Milan.

Giuseppe los ua ib tug neeg xyuas pib, kawm los ntawm B. Lavigne

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 15 xyoo nws tau tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm ib tug me me orchestra Dzhuzeppe yam. Luv luv biography ntawm nws tseem mus txog rau hauv Milan. Ntawm no nws mus rau nws tus txiv tus phooj ywg sau nyiaj. Tus aim yog Giuseppe nkag mus hauv lub conservatory. Txawm li cas los, nws twb tsis raug txais rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no vim tsis muaj peev xwm. Txawm li cas los, V. Lavigne Milanese neeg xyuas pib thiab composer, qhuas cov txuj ci ntawm Giuseppe. Nws pib qhia rau nws cov nkauj dawb. Opera sau ntawv thiab orchestration kawm rau hauv kev xyaum nyob rau hauv lub opera tsev ntawm Milan Dzhuzeppe yam. Luv luv biography ntawm nws thawj thawj hauj lwm cim los ntawm cov emergence ntawm ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd.

Tus thawj tej hauj lwm

Yam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1835 mus 1838 nyob rau hauv Busseto thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zog orchestra neeg xyuas pib. Giuseppe nyob rau hauv 1837 tsim nws cov thawj opera hu ua "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio". Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb muab 2 xyoo nyob rau hauv Milan. Nws yog ib tug zoo zoo. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm "La Scala", tus naas ej Milan ua yeeb yam, yam sau tau ib phau ntawv dab neeg opera. Nws hu ua nws "xav txog tej yam Stanislav, los yog ib hnub reign." Nws twb teem nyob rau hauv 1840 ( "King rau ib hnub"). Lwm daim, lub opera "Nabucco" tau qhia rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv 1842 ( "Nenpukhanexa"). Nws composer reflected lub dee thiab kev xav ntawm lub Italian neeg, uas nyob rau hauv cov xyoo pib sib txeeb ua ywj siab, txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov Austrian quab. Viewers pom kev txom nyem ntawm cov neeg Yudais, tau ntes, cov analogy nrog lawv kawm Ltalis. Active nom tswv demonstrations provoked ib tug paab chorus tseem muaj cov neeg Yudais raug kaw ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tom ntej no Opera Giuseppe, "Lombardi kev sawv ntxeev" kuj echoes hu rau lub overthrow ntawm tyranny. Nws twb staged nyob rau hauv Milan nyob rau hauv 1843. Thiab nyob rau hauv Paris, cov pej xeem thib ob tsab ntawm no opera nrog tus neeg dhia tes ( "Yeluxalees") yog tswvcuab hauv 1847.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv Paris, nws lub neej rau George. Strepponi

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1847 mus 1849 nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau Fabkis capital Dzhuzeppe yam. Biography thiab nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no cim los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital, nws ua ib tug tshiab version ntawm "Lub Lombards" ( "Yeluxalees"). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Paris yam tau ntsib nrog nws tus phooj ywg, Giuseppina Strepponi (portrait ntawm nws yog muab saum toj no). Qhov no singer tau koom tes nyob rau hauv productions ntawm "Lombard" thiab "Nabucco" nyob rau hauv Milan, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xyoo tsiv los ze zog mus rau lub composer. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tom qab 10 xyoo lawv tau sib yuav.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm los ntawm yam

Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm thawj lub sij hawm ntawm creativity Giuseppe permeated los ntawm patriotic mus ob peb vas, xav heroic. Lawv muaj kev cob cog nrog lub sim tawm tsam cov neeg uas tsim txom. Qhov no, piv txwv li, sau los ntawm "Ernani" Hugo (thawj lawm coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Venice nyob rau hauv 1844). Yam tsim los ntawm Byron nws ua hauj lwm "Lub Ob Foscari" (premiered nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos nyob rau hauv 1844). Xav nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thiab Schiller. "Lub tub txib ntawm Orleans" twb nyob rau hauv Milan nyob rau hauv 1845. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Naples, cov premiere ntawm "Alzira" los ntawm Voltaire. "Macbeth" los ntawm Shakespeare tau staged nyob rau hauv Florence nyob rau hauv 1847. Qhov loj tshaj kev vam meej ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog cov opera "Macbeth", "Attila" thiab "Ernani". Theem teeb meem ntawm cov hauj lwm hais qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws.

Cov lus teb rau cov Fabkis kiv puag ncig Dzhuzeppe yam

Biography, ib txoj kev ntawm tej hauj lwm thiab pov thawj ntawm cov composer lub contemporaries hais tias yam loj hlob cus plaws los mus ua lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848. Nws yog ib tug tim khawv rau nws nyob rau hauv Paris. Rov qab nyob rau hauv ltalis, yam li cov "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Legnano." Qhov no heroic opera tau staged nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos nyob rau hauv 1849. Qhov thib ob tsab ntawm nws koom 1861 thiab twb hais nyob rau hauv Milan ( "The Siege ntawm Harlem"). Qhov no ua hauj lwm qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub Lombards tiv thaiv rau cov unification ntawm lub teb chaws. Mazzini, Italian revolutionary Giuseppe qhia rau sau ib revolutionary anthem. Yog li ntawd, yog ib yam khoom ntawm lub "trumpet suab."

1850s nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm yam

1850s - ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm creativity Fortunino Giuseppe Francesco yam. Nws biography tau cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm ua yeeb yam, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov yaam puab paub thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg zoo tib. Cov tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub cov neeg tiv thaiv bourgeois haiv neeg los yog feudal oppression yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm no composer lub sij hawm. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav hnov li thaum ntxov raws li cov thawj ua yeeb yam, hais txog lub sij hawm no. Nyob rau hauv 1849, "Luisa Miller" tau qhia rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv Naples. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog sau los ntawm tus yeeb yam "Hlub thiab intrigue" los ntawm Schiller. Nyob rau hauv 1850 nyob rau hauv Trieste twb muaj kev kawm "Stiffelio".

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo tsis sib xws muaj tau deployed nrog txawm ntau dua quab yuam nyob rau hauv xws immortal tej hauj lwm raws li "Rigoletto" (1851), "Il Trovatore" (1853) thiab "La traviata" (1853). Lub cim ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam genuinely nrov. Lawv manifested lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus composer raws li ib tug playwright thiab melodist, yog reflected nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej.

Kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem "grand opera"

Ua raws li cov creation ntawm yam uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm "grand opera". Cov no yog cov keeb kwm thiab romantic tej hauj lwm xws li "Lub Sicilian Vespers" (staged nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1855), "ib tug masked Pob" (premiered nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos nyob rau hauv 1859), "Cov Force ntawm Destiny", commissioned los ntawm lub Mariinsky Theatre. Incidentally, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov ntau lawm ntawm yam lub xeem opera nyob rau hauv 1862 ob zaug mus xyuas Petersburg. Lub yees duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias nws portrait, ua nyob rau hauv Russia.

Nyob rau hauv 1867 nws nyob "Don Carlos", sau los ntawm Schiller. Nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam hlub Giuseppe ntsiab ntawm tawm tsam tiv thaiv uas tsim txom thiab tsis sib xws embodied nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam, uas abound nyob rau hauv zoo, spectacular scenes.

Opera "Aida"

Los ntawm cov opera "Aida" pib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm creativity ntawm yam. Nws yog commissioned los ntawm lub Egyptian Khedive composer nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ib tug tseem ceeb kev tshwm sim - lub qhib ntawm lub Suez kwj dej. A. Mariette Bey, tus naas ej Egyptologist, tus sau pom tias ib tug nthuav zaj dab neeg, uas pib ua lub neej ntawm ancient Egypt. Yam los ua xav nyob rau hauv no lub tswv yim. Libretist Ghislanzoni ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub libretto nrog yam. Lub premiere ntawm "Aida" twb muaj nyob rau hauv Cairo nyob rau hauv 1871. Cov kev vam meej yog kev nyuaj siab loj.

Tom qab ntawd lub composer lub creativity

Tom qab ntawd, Giuseppe tsis tau tsim tshiab ua yeeb yam rau 14 xyoo. Nws kho nws tus tij tej hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Milan, cov premiere ntawm lub thib ob version ntawm cov opera "Simon Boccanegra" nyob rau hauv 1881, sau nyob rau hauv 1857 Dzhuzeppe yam. Hais txog qhov kev composer hais tias vim advanced muaj hnub nyoog, nws yuav tsis tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, nws ras cov neeg tuaj saib. 72-xyoo-laus Italian composer yam Dzhuzeppe hais tias nws yog ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab opera "Othello". Nws twb staged nyob rau hauv Milan nyob rau hauv 1887, thiab nrog rau cov neeg dhia tes - yog 80-xyoo-laus Giuseppe tau mus kawm lub premiere ntawm ib tug tshiab ua hauj lwm tsim kuj nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1894. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab tej hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare. Peb yuav tau tham txog lub zus tau tej cov "Falstaff" nyob rau hauv Milan nyob rau hauv 1893. Giuseppe nyob rau Shakespearean yeeb yam zoo kawg li librettist Boito. Nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab hauv qab no - Boito (sab laug) thiab yam kev.

Giuseppe rau hauv lub xeem peb ntawm nws ua yeeb yam nrhiav kom nthuav cov ntaub ntawv hauj lwm ua ke tus ua txoj kev txiav txim thiab suab paj nruag. Nws muab lub ntsiab lus tshiab rau recitative, ntxiv dag zog rau lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lub orchestra nyob rau hauv lub qhia tawm ntawm cov dluab.

Tus kheej txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm yam

Raws li rau lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm Giuseppe, ntawm lawv yog cov "Requiem". Nws yog nplooj siab mus rau lub cim xeeb ntawm A. Manzoni, tus naas ej kws sau paj lug. Giuseppe creativity txawv tiag. Tsis muaj lub zem lub composer lub npe hu ua chronicler ntawm cov suab paj nruas lub neej nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe 1840-1890 gg. Yam raws li lub achievements ntawm composers, kawm - Donizetti, Bellini, Wagner, Meyerbeer, Gounod. Tab sis kuv tsis xyaum lawv Dzhuzeppe yam. Nws biography cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm lwm daim twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm creativity. Lub composer txiav txim siab los mus nws tus kheej txoj kev thiab yog tsis yuam kev. Lucidly, kaj, melodically nplua nuj yam lub suab paj nruag tau ua heev nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Kev cai ywj pheej thiab realism kos duab, tib neeg thiab cov tib neeg, cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pej xeem kos duab rau ntawm nws lub teb chaws, - cov no yog cov tseem ceeb yog vim li cas rau yam tus tau ib tug zoo lub koob npe nrov.

Lub ib hlis ntuj 27, 1901 Dzhuzeppe yam tuag nyob rau hauv Milan. Luv luv biography thiab nws ua hauj lwm rau hnub no, xav music lovers ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no.