"Lub hero ntawm peb lub sij hawm": lub keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm tus tshiab

Qhov tsab xov xwm no muaj nplooj siab tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm nws heev nthuav thiab mysterious. Peb tseem tsis tau paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm tam sim ntawd ua hauj lwm Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov ntaub ntawv extant yog ob peb: muaj me ntsis ntawm sau thiab drafts ntawm thaud, raws li zoo raws li pov thawj ntawm tus kws sau paj lug lub contemporaries thiab tus sau nws tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no, me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis khaws ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav recreate ib tug hypothetical qhia ntawm lub ntsiab theem thiab ib co ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm sau ntawv tej hauj lwm ntawm Mihailom Yurevichem "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Lub keeb kwm ntawm no tshiab, uas yog suav hais tias yog sab saum toj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, yuav tsum yog los ntawm peb rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.

Puas Shang Giray

AP Shang Giray lawv puas muab peb ib co lus qhia txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug li no ua hauj lwm. Cov txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thov hais tias "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm", zaj dab neeg txog lub creation ntawm uas peb muaj kev txhawj xeeb, twb launched tom qab rov qab los ntawm Lermontov tus thawj reference, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1838. Feem ntau cov lermontovedov ua raws li no tus taw tes ntawm view. Tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas hais tias cov cua ntsawj ntshab twb "Taman" sau nyob rau hauv 1837. Niaj hnub no lub npe hu Tso Cai daim ntawv ntawm no tshiab cim Viskovatov, uas qhia hais tias qhov no ntawv sau twb sau Shang Giray, nkauj muam nraug nus Lermontov, uas kawg tej zaum dictated nws sau. Thaj, "Taman" twb dictated los cov cua ntsawj ntshab version, tsis spur rau ntawm lub caij (qhov no yog evidenced los ntawm kev coj dawb huv ntawm cov ntawv luam).

Qhov no assumption yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws cov txheeb ze thiab contemporaries ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Piv txwv li, Grigorovich, uas pom ib tug ntxhib kos npe ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, sau nyob rau hauv nws memoirs uas zaj dab neeg "Taman" suab los ntawm thaum pib mus rau thaum xaus ntawm ib tug tib harmonic chord. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj noj cov thawj sau, tej zaum nws yuav muab sau tseg tias nws yog tag nrho ntawm inserts, peremarana, nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov qhab nia nyob rau wafer glued daim ntawv.

puas Zhigmonta

Grigorovich, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj dab tsi txog qhov twg ntawm cov kos npe, raws li zoo raws li txog leej twg muaj nws. Tab sis hnub no nws twb tshaj tawm lwm nco uas resonates nrog zaj dab neeg txog cov kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1947 nws luam tawm xov xwm nrog PS Zhigmontom, ib tug txheeb ze ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, nws thawj biographer, P. A. Viskovatogo. Zhigmont qhia hais tias zoo li nyob rau hauv 1839 nyob rau hauv Stavropol kws sau paj lug saib "Taman" thiab ces muab ib tug kos ntawm Petrov, uas nws yuav tau kev cawm dim.

Lub sib tam ntawm qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev, ib nrab ib xyoo pua tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim, thiab tus sau memoirs uas nws sau, yog tsis paub tseeb txog cov hnub. A. V. Popov sau tseg hais tias li Zhigmont Lermontov tau ntsib nyob rau hauv 1837 nyob rau hauv Stavropol, thiab nyob rau hauv 1839 ib tug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub zos no tsis yog. Li ntawd, cov cua ntsawj ntshab "Taman" yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau 1837.

Lermontov tus twg thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau cov khoom

Lub hauv paus ntawm no tshiab yog paub tias yuav muab tso rau lawv cov yaam puab paub nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1837 Mihailom Yurevichem teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis, nws yog twb nyob rau hauv Tiflis. Yuav kom qhov no lub sij hawm yog nws es mas sketch hu ua "Kuv nyob rau hauv Tbilisi." Txaus ntseeg cav yog vim li cas I. Andronicus, hais tias nws muaj tau cov kab mob ntawm "fatalists" thiab "Taman". Tej zaum koj yuav xav hais tias vim lub fact tias "ib tug syncretic lub tswv yim" yog lub zajlus yog overloaded thiab complex, cov txawj sau ntawv txiav txim siab los sib faib nws mus rau hauv ob daim, saib thawj "Taman", thaum lub sij hawm cov lus nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis-Kaum Ob Hlis 1837, thiab ces "fatalist". Qhov no yog qhov pib rau cov khoom ntawm "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" zaj dab neeg ntawm creation. Topic thiab tshiab muaj pes tsawg leeg tau undergone tseem ceeb cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog ntxiv xwb tom qab ob, chiv cais, pieces. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis, rov qab twb nyob rau hauv Petersburg, lub kws sau paj lug nres luv luv nyob rau hauv Sevastopol, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog S. O. Zhigmontom thiab Petrov, nrog lawv cov txheeb ze. Thaum lub sij hawm no, rewriting lub "Taman", Mikhail thaj tshuav nws cov cua ntsawj ntshab Petrov. Hais tias yog, nws yog ces pom Grigorovich.

Thaum nws tau sau ntawv "Taman" ( "Ib tug Hero of Our Lub sij hawm")?

Keeb kwm ntawm lub (luv luv rau tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm zaj dab neeg) tseem. Cov ntaub ntawv sau li no cia peb mus hais tias ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cua ntsawj ntshab "Taman" yog hais txog rau lub sij hawm los ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau Kaum Ob Hlis 1837, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, tus kws sau paj lug yog nyob rau hauv Taman thiab nyob rau hauv lig Kaum Ob Hlis, Mikhail sab laug lub Sevastopol. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yuav zoo li, peb yuav tsim kom muaj hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv no, tsis nyob rau hauv 1838, raws li muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam launched cov khoom tsim "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm nws, yog li ntawd yuav qhib los ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau Kaum Ob Hlis 1837.

Seb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv "Taman" mus rau tus thawj conception ntawm tus tshiab?

Meanwhile, qhov no xaus yog hasty, raws li muaj pov thawj hais tias "Taman" yog Ameslikas tsis privy rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus tshiab, uas nyob tom qab, raws li nws twb tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov duab Pechorin hero ntawm tus tshiab.

Ua ntej, lub npe ntawm tus protagonist ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Taman" yog tsis hais. Secondly, nws yog lub npe hu los ntawm lub "ntxhais fuabtais Mary", cov ua cim yog banished mus rau lub Caucasus rau qhov zoo ntawm "keeb kwm." Tab sis nws tsis zoo li ib tug hero, "Taman" los cia li tuaj txog ntawm St. Petersburg exile.

Peb, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dab neeg thiab novels yeej hais los yog qhia Maksim Maksimych, "los ntawm lub cim", uas yog lub antithesis ntawm Pechorin. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv "Taman" yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv.

Muaj kuj yog vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias "fatalist" yog sau nyias, raws li los ntawm "Taman", tawm uas kov nrog no tshiab, thaj, thaum pib ntawm 1838, nyob rau hauv nws rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg Mikhail Yurevich.

Lub peculiarity ntawm lub tswv yim txoj kev Lermontov

Ib tug feature ntawm lub tswv yim tus txheej txheem, qhov no sau yog ib tug uas tig mus ua hauj lwm rau ob peb daim. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov thawj version ntawm tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm", zaj dab neeg txog lub creation ntawm uas yog tau piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, cov kws sau paj lug kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kawg editorial neeg ua hauj lwm "Cov dab". Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, lub thib rau tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1838, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis - lub xya thiab yim - nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1839.

Tus thawj tsab

Nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" tau luam tawm los ntawm "bela" nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1839.

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj ntawm hauv tib lub xyoo nws ua tiav cov paj huam "Mtsyri", thiab nyob txog lub sij hawm no, pib intensive kev cob qhia "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" los sau. Ces muaj ib tug ho hloov nyob tus yeees ntawm cov dab neeg - nws yog nyob rau hauv Novella "Lub Fatalist". Tseem, yog li ntawd, lub keeb kwm ntawm creation. "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no rau lub thib ob tsab. Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov thawj heev ib tug me ntsis, tiam sis peb yuav xaus uas nws muaj xwb tej hauj lwm ntawm "Maksim Maksimych," "Bella" thiab "Ntxhais fuabtais Mary".

Enabling "fatalist" muab tawm los ua ib tug organic, feem ntau vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug puab affinity ntawm Pechorin thiab sau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no dab neeg kov on qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev teeb meem ntawm tiam, niaj hnub Lermontov.

Cov menyuamuas ntawm no ua hauj lwm hais txog cov philosophising ntawm tus tshiab thiab muab ntau dua tob duab ntawm Pechorin.

Peb mus txuas ntxiv mus saib ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Lub keeb kwm ntawm tus tshiab, ib lub ntsiab lus yog los ntawm cov nram qab no ntxiv uas.

Qhov thib ob tsab ntawm cov khoom hais txog 1839, lub sij hawm ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus rau lub Cuaj hlis. Ces muaj ob zaj dabneeg luv luv thiab ob novels, "Tus hero ntawm peb lub sij hawm." Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm tus tshiab muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv lub kawg version yuav tau piav rau hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv no version ntawm cov khoom raug muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: tus tub ceev xwm txoj kev sau ntawv, uas yog lub cev, thiab qhov kev ceeb toom ua cim. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li zaj dab neeg "Bella" thiab zaj dab neeg "Maksim Maksimych," thiab lub thib ob - zaj dab neeg "fatalist," thiab zaj dab neeg "Ntxhais fuabtais Mary".

Qhov kawg khoom kho nqi lus

Peb mus txuas ntxiv los tham txog dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm cov keeb kwm ntawm creation. "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm 1839 tau undergone tseem ceeb cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshiab mus rau ib tug ib cov ntawv qhia. Rau ntawm no theem, qhov kawg twb tau ua tswvcuab rau hauv nws "Taman" nyob rau hauv uas lub cev ua num zoo le ib tug "Fatalist" hero tau kis los ntawm tus sau-hais dabneeg. nws yog rau "tshooj" nyob rau hauv no tsab. Nws kuj muaj xws li lub "Phau" rau tus sau ntawv rau tus hero - "Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Pechorin" - uas Belinsky piav raws li "lub taub hau", nyob rau hauv view ntawm nws tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv no tsab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog muab faib ua ob qhov chaw ntawm tus tshiab uas nyob rau hauv thawj ob tsuas rub. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no theem kawg ntawm creation koom kev txiav txim ntawm lub kawg title khoom.

Tus tso tawm ntawm qhov kawg version ntawm tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm"

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tus tshiab xaus raws li nram no. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj, kev tso cai los ntawm censorship yuav tsim no ua hauj lwm. Phau Ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1840, mus rau cov muag khoom hauv ib lub xyoos tom qab luam tawm cov thib ob tsab, uas muaj xws li ib tug kev taw qhia rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho, tsim los ntawm Lermontov, thaj, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1841.

Yog li ntawd, thaum kawg, los mus txiav txim qhov "canonical" qauv ntawm tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm no ua hauj lwm, uas yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov no yog qhov kawg.