Los ntawm tej yam yooj yim organic tebchaw comprise cov nqaijrog? Qauv thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub zog

Cov nqaijrog ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Los ntawm uas lawv ua, ua li cas lawv cov qauv thiab cov khoom, nyeem tsab xov xwm.

General ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nqaijrog thiab lawv kev faib

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov proteins uas pom tau tias nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum cuaj caug xyoo. Zaum tau muab ib lub npe rau cov tshuaj, "cov nqaijrog", uas txhais tau tias "ua ntej, thawj." Cov tshuaj tshua uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub protein, yog ib qho tseem ceeb feature. Lawv ua lub hauv paus rau txoj kev kom tshiab hlwb.

Vim hais tias ntawm cov complex qauv ntawm cov protein molecules thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev khiav dej num ua tus paub txog yog heev yooj yim mus tsim ib zaug xwb cais. Yog li ntawd, kev txawj ntse txog cov nqaijrog txwv kom muab zais raws li ob peb no:

1. Raws li nyob tus yeees ntawm tshuaj cov nqaijrog yuav ua tau yooj yim los yog txoj. Yuav ua li cas nws muaj tej yam yooj yim thiab complex cov nqaijrog? Tus qauv ntawm cov thawj muaj xws li xwb amino acids. Lub complex proteins uas ntxiv rau lawv uas tsis yog-protein tebchaw.
2. By functionality cov nqaijrog, organic tebchaw, txawv nyob rau hauv ob peb lub chav kawm:

• Catalytic cov nqaijrog - enzymes uas ua cov kev ua ntawm lub acceleration ntawm tshuaj tshua. Yog tsis muaj lawv kev koom tes tsis yooj yim sua hu ua synthesis thiab hniav lwj.

• Thauj cov nqaijrog khi cov tshuaj hormones, fatty acids thiab ntau lwm yam sib txuas ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic keeb kwm. Tom qab uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab yuav nqa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub cev qhov uas lawv yuav xav tau. Cov roj ntsha txawj thauj tshuaj los ntawm kev siv kev lom week, suab thaj, lipids, amino acids thiab ions.
• Cov nqaijrog ua ib tug txhawb muaj nuj nqi. Nrog lawv koom tes tsim cellular cev pob txha. Cov feem ntau yog: collagen, ua cov kev ua ntawm kev txuas cov ntaub so ntswg, rau tes thiab cov plaub hau keratin, elastin thiab lwm yam vascular hlwb. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog cov lipids lawv sawv cev rau lub yam ntxwv hauv paus ntawm daim nyias nyias.
• Cov kev tiv thaiv nuj nqi ntawm proteins. Tshuaj (immunoglobulins) khi daig nyob rau hauv lub cev pathogenic microorganisms, thiab ces neutralize lawv cawv rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog tsis muaj qhov kev koom tes ntawm thrombin thiab fibrinogen yog tsis yooj yim sua txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.
• Ntxawg muaj nuj nqi - muaj protein ntau koom tes ib txwm ua si ntawm tus kab mob, kabmob, cells thiab tag nrho cov dab uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev.
• Cov nqaijrog pub mob hlwb muaj peev xwm rau cov ntsws, li ntawd, lub tsheb tsiv. Siv cov receptor cov nqaijrog ntawm tus kab mob hlwb perceive cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ib puag ncig, kev jitters.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov nqaijrog?

Qhov no macromolecular organic compound muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yuav ua li cas nws muaj cov nqaijrog? Nyob rau hauv lawv siv koom tes nrog cov nees nkaum hom amino acid residues uas yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series tsim tau ib cov saw ntawm zoo kawg thiab ntev. Ua ntej kev tshawb fawb protein hu ua tshuaj noog qe coagulates thaum rhuab, thiab ntaub ntawv ib tug insoluble loj dawb.

Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub npe ntawm ntau yam ntawm nroj tsuag los yog tsiaj keeb kwm, muaj zoo sib xws zog. Number ntawm cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob prevails dua lwm tebchaw. Lawv qhuav nyhav yog ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov protein loj.

Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj mus txog kaum tawm billions ntawm cov tebchaw, ib tug neeg mob. Piv txwv li: tus kab mob Escherichia coli muaj peb txhiab ntau yam ntawm proteins. Rau cov nqaijrog xws li cov enzymes uas koom nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nqaijrog

Cov nqaijrog - polymers aperiodic kev txiav txim. Los ntawm tej yam yooj yim organic tebchaw comprise cov nqaijrog? Lawv monomers nees nkaum hom amino acids. Nyob ntawm seb lub peev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab nonessential. Tus thawj muaj lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau tsim, thiab lub thib ob - tsis muaj, ntau tshaj ntawd, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev vim qhov tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.

Los ntawm tej yam yooj yim organic tebchaw comprise cov nqaijrog? Los ntawm cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab paub qhov txawv high-qib puas proteins. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg yog yus muaj los ntawm uas muaj tag nrho cov amino acids, thiab lub thib ob - los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj ib co ntawm lawv.

Cov nqaijrog uas muaj tsuas amino acids yog hu ua yooj yim. Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus amino acids, muaj lwm yam - nyuab. Lawv yuav ua tau hlau, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid.

yooj yim cov nqaijrog

Los ntawm tej yam yooj yim organic tebchaw comprise cov nqaijrog? Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, mus saib hauv qab no. Cov nqaijrog hu ua cov proteins. Cov yam ntxwv khoom no muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no pab pawg:

• Albumin - muaj peev xwm yaj nyob rau hauv dej, coagulate thaum rhuab, tsis precipitate kev daws teeb meem uas muaj ntau yam ntsev.
• Globulins - tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis tsuas nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj concentration ntsev daws teeb meem.

• Histones - cov nqaijrog yog cov cim tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nucleoprotein. Lub chaw ntawm cov ntshav leukocytes thiab yog khoom.
• Protamine - lawv muaj xws li tsis muaj leej faj. Cov xav yooj yim zog tshwm sim. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov protein - nucleoproteins. Lawv yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov ntses phev.
• Prolamins - nkag soluble nyob rau hauv dej cawv. Lawv muaj cereals. Prolamins gliadin yog tus neeg sawv cev - lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm gluten.
• Scleroproteins muaj lub peev xwm mus tsis yaj. Muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej cover ntawm lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj, cov cev pob txha thiab connective ntaub so ntswg. Sawv cev los ntawm collagen, keratin, fibroin, elastin.

Los ntawm tej yam yooj yim organic tebchaw comprise cov nqaijrog? Lawv muaj xws li sib txawv ntawm cov amino acids thiab lawv protein muaj nees nkaum.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev khiav dej num cov nqaijrog?

Organic tebchaw (cov nqaijrog) ua ob peb zog:

• Muab metabolic thiab ntxawg dab.
• Ua protein tus me nyuam mus rau hauv cov ntshav, uas muab cov kev tsim nyog tshuaj tag nrho cov kabmob.
• Daim ntawv nqaij fibers.
• Lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob txha thiab connective cov ntaub so ntswg.
• Tswj plab zom mov, lub zog metabolism.
• Tshuaj noob ua.
• Tiv thaiv lub cev, mus pab tau txoj lub tiv thaiv.

carbohydrates

Qhov no organic compound ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm, them lub cev nrog lub zog. Lawv cov lug kis nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv kev faib ua feem nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag yog xya caum rau eighty feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj - tsuas yog ob tug. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub carbohydrate ib feem ntawm ib tug carbonyl pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub hydroxyl. Cov tebchaw yog ib feem ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos nyob rau hauv lub cev. Yuav ua li cas yog tshuaj tebchaw hu ua carbohydrates? Cov carbohydrate muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li cov pa, hydrogen, carbon. Txawm tias derivatives ntawm lub yav tas yog distinguished los ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm yam hais, nitrogen, piv txwv li.

Carbohydrates - ib yam khoom ntawm photosynthesis. Yog tsis muaj lawv tsis yooj yim sua biosynthesis nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, txij thaum lawv yog cov pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau tus txheej txheem no. Carbohydrates, raws li ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj zoo muaj ntau haiv neeg. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm yog multifaceted yam.

carbohydrates muaj nuj nqi

Organic tebchaw muaj cov nram qab zog:

• продукты окисления соединений (глюкоза, гликоген, крахмал) поступают в клетки, заряжая их энергией. Zog - oxidation khoom ntawm lub tebchaw (qabzib, glycogen, starch) nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb los ntawm uas them lawv lub zog. Kwv yees li rau caum feem pua ntawm lub zog noj yog offset los ntawm carbohydrates, uas muab nws cov ntshav. Zog yog txhab khoom mus rau lub hlwb, kev txhim kho nws cov kev ua ub no.
• Yas muaj nuj nqi - kev sib txuas yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov lug ntawm lub cellular theem, lawv muaj tag nrho cov hlwb ntawm lub cev: lom week, organelles ntawm lub hlwb. Nrog lawv pab daim ntawv enzymes thiab lwm yam nucleoproteins.
• Tiv nuj nqi - tso hnoos qeev qog ua hauj lwm pab los tiv thaiv lub puab phab ntsa ntawm ntau yam kabmob ntawm lub undesirable los: mechanical, tshuaj, kab mob. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm ib tug siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv khov kua.
• Ntxawg muaj nuj nqi - carbohydrates tswj kom, txij thaum lub siv ntawm fiber nrog nws ntxhib qauv irritates lub mucosa ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av.
• Kev muaj nuj nqi - carbohydrates yog cov sib txawv. Muaj ib co ntawm lawv tsim tshuaj, ntshav pab pawg neeg tseem yog muab, nws ua kev paj impulses.