Leej twg invented lub suab paj nruag thiab vim li cas lawv yog hu li cas?

Txawm tsis muaj ib tug suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus paub cov npe ntawm cov sau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, paub npe zoo li paub thiab tsis ua ib yam nkaus thiab ntau cov lus nug. Suab paj nruas descant hauv tsev kawm ntawv los yog nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas tsev lag luam ntawm qhov kev ceeb toom npe yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev ua xyem xyav.

Tab sis txhua yam yog yooj yim? Tsis ceeb toom npe tau hloov txij li thaum lawv cov thawj mention? Thiab leej twg tuaj nrog cov "npe"?

Yuav ua li cas yog ib daim ntawv?

Los ntawm kev kawm cov qhab nia ntawm tej hauj lwm, tsis yog txhua tshuab raj los yog tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev yuav xav uas tuaj nrog cov sau ntawv thiab lawv cov npe. Txij ancient sij hawm tus neeg tau sim qhia ib co suab suab: lub suab, khob thiab thiaj li nyob.

Music los ntawm ancient sij hawm twb xam tau tias yog lub siab tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kos duab. Plato, tus naas ej philosopher, ntseeg hais tias nws yog cov suab paj nruag uas muab tus tib neeg ntsuj plig lub tis, nws muab xav lub tswv yim thiab theem qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov neeg.

Twb tau nyob rau lub sij hawm ancient, cov neeg no zoo txuas lawv lub neej nrog suab paj nruag: ib tug poj niam, absorbed nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hauj lwm, maj mam muab humming ib tug yooj yim qhib. Calm thiab iridescent motifs yuav pab tau sai sai poob pw tsaug zog me nyuam.

Muaj coob tus neeg paub hais tias muaj qhib muaj sau ntawv. Tab sis li cas qhov kev ceeb toom? Los ntawm cov Latin Ceeb toom qhia ib daim ntawv lo los yog kos npe rau. Lub suab paj nruag sau ntawv yog siv rau lub duab sawv cev ntawm ib lub suab. Nrog ntxiv cim, xws li sharps thiab flats, tej suab uas txuas mus rau ib tug ntxiv feature: hauv lub qhov siab, ntev thiab suab.

German cim

Npaj Lavxias teb sab-hais lus npe ntawm cov sau ntawv los ntawm C rau B, lawv lub suab txawv me ntsis nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm feem ntau tsab ntawv cim lawv tau raug muab rau lwm yam "npe»: C, D, E, F, G, A thiab H. no system yog ib haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab nws yog hu ua ib tug C ntawv N.

Nyob rau hauv no system, lub suab paj nruas cim ntau dua lub suab - Ntse - tus txoj -Yog. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv C ntse - cis thiab thiaj li nyob. Lub tsuas kos - qhov kev ceeb toom C. Yuav kom qhia tau tias nws cov ntau dua suab siv lub cim b. Lower suab - xaus -Yog. Kev zam rau cov tsis muaj tau. Bekar - lowercase tsab ntawv, sheet music cim.

English cim

German tsab ntawv cim yog ib qho nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws. Tshwj - lub Xeev qhov twg lub State English. Muaj kuj sau ntawv txhais lub Latin ntawv, tiam sis los ntawm ib tug mus G. Thaum tsab ntawv A hnov kom nco ntsoov La. Ntxiv cim: Bekar - zoo tib yam ntawv Ntse - Ntse, pav ca - tiaj tus.

Qhov chaw sau ntawv rau ib tug stave

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm instrumental qhab nias yuav pom tias tag nrho cov ntawv zoo tib yam - dub los yog dawb dawb nyob rau los yog nruab nrab ntawm lub kab. Nws txawv tsuas yog lawv txoj hauj lwm thiab kev zoo ntawm lub sab sauv feem. Thiab ua ntej lawv paub tias leej twg tuaj nrog qhov kev ceeb toom, koj yuav tsum to taub yuav ua li cas rau differentiate nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov sau ntawv nyob rau ntawm cov neeg ua hauj: lub tsib rulers. Lub account mus los ntawm lub hauv qab li. Sau ntawv yog sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Txhua kab raws li ib tug kev ceeb toom. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj kab, txoj kab yuav ua tau manually kom tiav rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj ntawm siab los qis suab.

Tus duab thiab cov xim ntawm cov sau ntawv dhau nws ntev. Piv txwv li, qhib dawb tsis muaj ntxiv kab - ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv, uas kav plaub tag nrho account. Yog hais tias ib tug unshaded oval ntxiv wand - siab - tau ib tug ib nrab ceeb toom yog sib npaug zos rau ob accounts. Sau oval ntawm twj ywm - ib tug peb lub hlis twg kev ceeb toom. Tsaus nrog calmness thiab chij - yim nco, thiab hais txog.

Tab sis ua ntej koj sau ntawv sau ntawv rau tus stave, yog muab tso rau tus yuam sij treble los yog ntses bass thaj tsam. Lawv txiav txim seb lub zuag qhia tag nrho suab nrov ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Tus thawj cov tsos ntawm cov suab paj nruag

Ua ntej koj yuav sim kom paub tseeb yuav ua li cas los mus piav qhia rau cov me nyuam, uas tuaj nrog cov sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum paub, thaum lawv xub tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm yam los ntawm C rau B, lawv raug kaw xwb nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua eleventh. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias ua ntej lub sij hawm no muaj tej tug tsis muaj suab paj nruag.

Ua ntej lub advent ntawm lub niaj zaus daim ntawv uas teev cov music suab sib txawv tonalities yog xaiv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv: Greek los yog Latin. Tab sis qhov no daim ntawv tau ib tug yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv. Hu nkauj rau tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv tau yooj yim, sau tau rau ib tug ntau-voiced hu nkauj ua ke yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

Tsis ntev lub tsev teev ntuj choirs pib siv ib tug txawv cim: hooks thiab curls, los yog neumes. Yog li, nrog rau lawv cov zuag qhia tag nrho cov qauv kis ntawm zaj nkauj: tsa los yog txo lub suab. Tab sis qhov no daim ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv yog tsis yooj yim sua kom piav lub caij nyoog ua si ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Thiab nco ntsoov, txhua tus nkauj hu nkauj twb tsis muaj sij hawm.

Tshwm sim linear cim

Neumes yuav tsis meej tso saib tus yam ntxwv chants, ces pib cov kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug tshiab txoj kev kis altitude thiab longitude sau ntawv. Yuav pib rau neumes pib mus ntxiv tsab ntawv uas tsa lub suab nrov. Tab sis vim yog lawv tau nws los ua ib yam nkaus thiab cumbersome, thiab tej zaum kuj yuav to taub tias yog ib yam dab tsi heev problematic.

Revolutionized cim ua Italian Guido los ntawm Haaretz. Nws hloov lub loj cov tsiaj ntawv thiab curlicues rau ntawm kab, uas tom qab kis tau tus zoo uas niaj hnub music neeg ua hauj lwm. Tab sis, thaum xub thawj nws yog tsuas yog ob tug kab, ces tus xov tooj nce mus rau plaub. Ces Guido qhia hu nkauj suab paj nruas cim: neumes tau sau rau cov kab los yog nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm txhua qhov kev pab paub tias dab tsi rau hauv lub chav yog tsim nyog los ua ib tug suab paj nruag.

Thaum lub sij hawm, seeb neumes tau hloov nrog square counterparts, thiab tsuas yog tom qab tau ntau xyoo, lawv tau ua ovals ntawm ntau daim.

Gvido Aretinsky: tus txiv neej uas tau muab cov npe ntawm cov sau ntawv

Thiab tsis tau, uas tuaj nrog cov sau ntawv thiab lawv cov niaj hnub lub npe? Nyob rau hauv 991 los yog 992 AD, twb yug los Gvido Aretinsky. Loj hlob li, nws los ua ib tug music theorist, tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog lub Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Ceeb toom npe tau invented precisely Guido. Italian borrowed lawv los ntawm ib tug ancient zaj nkauj rau St. John the Baptist. Chant sau nyob rau hauv Latin.

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov zaj nkauj muaj xya kab thiab txhua tom ntej suab nyob rau hauv suab nrov tshaj yav dhau los hnub. Initial suab ntawm cov thawj rau lub suab nram qab no: Tej zaum, Re, Mi, fab, Sol thiab La. Txawm tias cov npe ntawm cov suab paj nruag yees los ntawm cov Italian Arezzo, tab sis tsis tau nws hloov tsis yooj yim rau kev hais zaum ntau melodic thiab npaj lub rooj sib hais dabtsi. Theories txog qhov muaj yog Ua, ib tug ntau. Cov feem nrov ntawm lawv hais tias hais tias nws yog thawj zaug suab ntawm lo lus Latin Dominus - Tswv. Tab sis kev paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis muaj.

Lub xya nco - C - kuj tau txais nws lub npe tom qab. Suab tsim los ntawm tus thawj tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov lo lus xya kab: Saint John - Si.

Qhia no ziag no

Muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg uas xav nrhiav cov lus qhia txog uas yees ua tus sau ntawv yog tsis nkaus txhim khu kev qha qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, muaj kev ua si nyob rau hauv kev tes hauj lwm tau generated pua pua txhiab tus neeg, txhua txhua hnub tawm nthuav tseeb los ntawm keeb kwm.

Piv txwv li, ib co ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm uas yees ua cov npe ntawm cov sau ntawv. Thiab txawm hais tias tus neeg sau ntawm xws ntaub ntawv yog tsis sau tseg qhia, cov Thawj Coj pab pawg neeg hais tias qhov kev ceeb toom npe originated los ntawm Latin lo lus ntawm tus Tswv, qhov teeb meem, txuj ci tseem ceeb, lub ntiajteb, lub hnub, lub kab lig ntuj txoj kev thiab lub ntuj ceeb tsheej.

Qhov no kev tshawb xav yog dav siv raws li cov neeg rau npe ntseeg hais tias ib tug random txheej zoo nkauj lus muaj dab tsi ua nrog cov suab paj nruas ntaub kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los, cov ntaub ntawv no yog fundamentally tsis ncaj ncees lawm: cov neeg uas invented lub suab paj nruag yog thiab tseem yog Gvido Aretinsky.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag, xws yooj yim thiab meej, yog ruam tag thiab muaj xws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev hloov. Music nuj nqis ntawm lub xyoo dhau los yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau muab tus sau ntawv rau qhov tam sim no paub zoo thiab suab. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no, koj yuav tsum paub thiab yog ib tug uas tau muab cov npe ntawm cov sau ntawv, thiab dab tsi yog qab lub yooj yim lub suab.