Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kos duab: hom, lwm yam, piv txwv

Collective artistic muaj tswv yim ua si, reflecting lub neej ntawm lub haiv neeg, nws hom phiaj, nws kev ntseeg, absorbed lub pej xeem kos duab rau ntawm Russia. Cov neeg raug tsim thiab muaj los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam epics, tales, legends - ib hom ntawv nyeem paj huam, tsis nyuaj ib tug thawj music - ua si, tunes, zaj nkauj, nyiam festive spectacle twb theatrical productions - feem ntau nws yog ib tug puppet ua yeeb yam. Tab sis lawv twb muab tso rau muaj thiab cov ua yeeb yam thiab satirical plays. Raws li tsaug penetrated Lavxias teb sab pej xeem creativity nyob rau hauv seev cev, pom tau qhov sib arts, arts and crafts. Nyob rau hauv antiquity yug thiab Lavxias teb sab kev seev cev. Folk kos duab Lavxias teb sab tsa ib tug keeb kwm lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai, nws tau ib qhov chaw ntawm artistic kev cai thiab qhia txog tias cov neeg.

Hais lus thiab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv

Sau ntawv txawj tej hauj lwm muaj nyob ntau tom qab tshaj lub qhov ncauj gems, zoo zoo nkauj tshooj lus dab neeg sau lub box vim paganism. Cov feem ntau paj lug, sayings, riddles, zaj nkauj thiab seev cev, hnoos thiab incantations, epics thiab tales uas txwv mus rau ib tug ci ntsa iab ci Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kos duab. Cov ancient Lavxias teb sab epic reflected sab ntsuj plig ntawm peb cov neeg, kev cai, tiag tiag cov txheej xwm, tsev neeg tus yam ntxwv, qhia tawm thiab muab khaws cia tseg rau hauv lub deeds ntawm cov keeb kwm cim. Piv txwv li, Vladimir Liab hnub, tag nrho cov hlub tub vaj ntxwv, tau txais kev pab raws li lub chiv keeb ntawm ib tug tiag tiag None - Vladimir lub Great, hero Dobrynya - txiv ntxawm Vladimir Thawj tswv Dobrynia. Hom lus dab neeg tsis tshua muaj neeg.

Nrog lub advent ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo pib lub zoo Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, nws cov keeb kwm. Maj mam tsim nrog nws pab Laus Lavxias teb sab lus, uas tau ua ntau. Tus thawj phau ntawv - thaud, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub thiab lwm yam precious hlau, precious pob zeb, enamel. Lawv raug nqi kim heev, vim hais tias cov neeg tsis paub lawv ntev. Txawm li cas los, nrog cov strengthening ntawm phau ntawv kev cai dab qhuas penetrated rau hauv lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws, txij thaum lub creation Efrema Sirina, Ioanna Zlatousta, thiab lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv translation nws yog tsim nyog los paub cov neeg. Thawj tib yog Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm antiquity yog tam sim no sawv cev Vaj Keeb Kwm, lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntseeg (lub neej), rhetorical qhuab ( "Lo lus", ib tug ntawm lawv - "Lay"), taug kev (los yog lus, sau ntawv mus ncig teb chaws) thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam lwm yam, tsis thiaj nto moo. Lub kaum plaub xyoo pua tau muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm exceptional tseem ceeb ntawm lus dab neeg monuments. Qee yam lus dab neeg, xws li cov epic, nkag mus rau hauv cov qeb ntawm sau. Yog li ntawd muaj "Sadko" thiab "Vasily Buslaev," kaw rau lub neeg piav dab neeg.

Piv txwv Folk

Storytelling yog tus fount ntawm pej xeem nco. Heroic confrontation ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol yoke, thiab lwm yam invaders twb qhuas los ntawm lo lus ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Nws yog los ntawm cov zaj nkauj raug tsim dab neeg uas tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no: sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka dej, qhov chaw uas "xya caum zoo thiab siab tawv" mined peb txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Evpati Kolovrat, Ryazan tiv thaiv los ntawm Batu, hais txog Mercury, defended Smolensk. Lus dab neeg Russia muab khaws cia tseg qhov tseeb uprising Tver tiv thaiv baskak Shevkal txog flipping Dudenteviche, thiab cov zaj nkauj tau hu deb tshaj li Principality ntawm Tver. Slagateli epics paub mus deb xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv Kulikova teb cov txheej xwm, thiab qub dluab ntawm Lavxias teb sab heroes yog tseem siv los ntawm cov neeg rau siab ua lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus Golden Horde pej xeem tej hauj lwm.

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum xyoo pua inhabitants ntawm Kiev-Novgorod Russia sau ntawv tsis tau paub. Txawm li cas los, qhov no lub sij hawm doliteraturny donos rau peb hnub dhau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj rau qhov ncauj thiab los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam kub lus tej hauj lwm. Thiab tam sim no lub festivals ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob qhov twg puas tsav puas yam suab tib co nkauj, tales thiab epics txhiab xyoo dhau los. Yuav kom qhov no hnub lub ancient sounding lwm yam xws li epics, zaj nkauj, zaj dab neeg, legends, riddles, sayings, paj lug. Feem ntau ntawm cov extant tej hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem - paj huam. Nqe vaj lug kub rau daim ntawv ua rau nws yooj yim mus cim ntawv, thiab vim hais tias rau ntau centuries ntawm lus dab neeg dhau down los ntawm tiam los hloov rau qhov kev tsim nyog, otshlifovyvayas los ntawm ib tug txawj ntse storyteller mus rau lwm lub.

me me lwm yam

Me volume ntawm cov khoom no me me lwm yam lus dab neeg. Qhov no zaj lus piv txwv: puns, tus nplaig twisters, sayings, tso dag, riddles, tej yam tshwm sim, sayings, paj lug, uas tau muab rau peb lub lus dab neeg. Learn - ib yam ntawm cov artistic ces pej xeem paj huam uas originated nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj daim ntawv. Npaum nkaus los yog allegory, bluntly, devious hais lus - ib tug allegorical hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib yam khoom, - hais tias yog dab tsi tus paub tsis meej ntawm V. I. Dalyu. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ib tug paj lug duab ntawm tiag tiag phenomena los yog tej yam khoom uas yuav tau twv. Txawm no nws muab rau multivariate lus dab neeg. Learn yuav ua tau piav qhia, allegories, tej teeb meem, kev pab raws qib. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv tseem muaj li ntawm ob qhov chaw - ib lo lus nug thiab teb cov lus txhiaj txhais thiab otgadki interconnected. Los ntawm qeb, lawv yog cov miv thiab zoo txuas mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej: muaj thiab fauna, xwm, cov cuab yeej thiab cov kev ua ub.

Paj Lug thiab sayings uas tau dim mus rau lub sij hawm tam sim los ntawm cov feem ntau ancient lub sij hawm, nws yog apt qhia, paub qab hau xav. Ntau zaus tshaj tsis, dhau lawm, yog ib tug ob-feem, nyob qhov twg lub qhov chaw uas proportionate thiab feem ntau zaj lus sib dhos. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm sayings thiab paj lug feem ntau nab tus xeeb ntxwv thiab muaj ib tug ncaj ncees. peb pom feem ntau nyob rau hauv paj lug thiab sayings mnogovariativnost, muaj ntau ntau yam variants ntawm paj lug nrog tib morals. Paj Lug sayings txawv los ntawm kev txiav txim zoo, uas yog siab dua. Cov hlob ntawm lawv hnub rov qab mus rau lub kaum ob xyoo pua. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg hais tias mus hnub no muaj ntau yam paj lug tuaj luv luv, tej zaum txawm poob lub thawj lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, hais tias: "Nws yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus aub noj" implying professionalism, tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv lub qub txuas ntxiv: "Yog tus Tsov tus tw choked." Qhov ntawd yog tsis yog, nws tsis yog li ntawd siab.

music

Ancient hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem cov suab paj nruag yog raws li feem nyob rau hauv song ib hom ntawv nyeem. Song - yog ib hom ntawv nyeem suab paj nruas thiab hais lus ib txhij los yog lyrical los yog narrative ua hauj lwm, uas yog npaj purely rau hu nkauj. zaj nkauj yuav ua tau lyrical, seev cev qhib, folk, keeb kwm, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog qhia raws li lub dee ntawm tus neeg, thiab qhov kev xav ntawm ntau tus neeg, lawv yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv tune nrog cov pej xeem nrog lub xeev.

Yog muaj hlub yaam puab paub, reflections nyob rau txoj hmoo ntawm seb, yog tias qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov kev sib raug los yog tsev neeg lub neej - nws yuav tsum yeej ib txwm yuav nthuav kom cov neeg tuaj saib, thiab tsis ua ib song xeev siab ntawm lub loj tshaj tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg los mloog cov singer yuav tsis tau. Heev npaum li cas zoo li cov neeg ntawm parallelism txais tos, thaum lub mus ob peb vas ntawm lyrical ncua mus rau qhov. "Yuav ua li cas koj sawv tawm qev, nyias roob tshauv", "Tsis muaj teeb thaum tsaus ntuj tab sis lub hlis", piv txwv li. Thiab yuav luag tsis los hla ib folk song nyob rau hauv uas no parallelism yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Txawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm zaj nkauj - "Ermak", "Stepan Razin" thiab lwm tus neeg - nws yog lossi pom. Los ntawm no lub siab lub ntsws tej yam uas cov song nws ua ntau zog, thiab tus song nws tus kheej yog dab tsi zog npaum li cas.

Thiab epic taleas

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab coj zoo zoo ua ntej lub cuaj pua, thiab lub sij hawm "epic" muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub puas tawm xyoo dhau thiab meant ib heroic song of epic cim. Peb paub qhov epic, hu nyob rau hauv lub cuaj pua, txawm hais tias lawv yeej twb tsis yog thawj zaug, cia li tsis hu rau peb, poob rau hauv centuries. Txhua tus me nyuam paub txog cov epic heroes - heroes uas embody lub zoo tagnrho ntawm lub teb chaws patriotism, ua siab loj thiab lub zog: ua lag luam Sadko Ilya Muromets, giant Svyatogor thiab Mikula Selyaninovich. Cov zajlus epics feem ntau lawm ua tus sau nrog tseem ceeb heev situational tab sis ho enriched thiab zoo heev inventions: lawv muaj ib tug teleport (instantly yuav kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Murom rau Kyiv), cia nyob ib leeg ib pab tub rog defeat ( "yuav ua li cas rau txoj wag - yuav yog ib lub txoj kev raws li rau sab laug wag - txoj kev" ), thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tus dab: Peb-taws zaj - nab zaj. Hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kos duab nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj yam tsis tas. Muaj kuj yog tales thiab legends.

Epics txawv los ntawm fairy tales nyob rau hauv uas yav dhau los txheej xwm yog kiag li zajlus. Fairy tales yog ob hom: Tsev neeg thiab khawv koob. Cov tsev neeg uas muaj tuaj hauv lub feem ntau sib txawv, tab sis zoo tib yam neeg - princes thiab princesses, Vaj thiab niam vaj ntxwv, cov tub rog thiab neeg ua hauj lwm, peasants thiab cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau zoo tib yam tshwm sim. Ib tug fairy taleas ntsoov nyiam zoo heev zog, extract artifacts nrog zoo zog, thiab thiaj li nyob. Tale feem ntau optimistic, thiab thiaj li sib txawv los ntawm zaj dab neeg lwm yam hom ntawv nyeem tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv fairy tales feem ntau yeej tsuas zoo, kev phem rog yeej ib txwm yeej thiab luag thuam nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas. Lus dab neeg tsis zoo li ib tug fairy taleas - ib tug hais lus zaj dab neeg txog txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm zoo heev dluab, zoo kawg kev tshwm sim uas yuav tsum lub cev thiab tus mloog perceives li paub tseeb. Kom txog rau thaum peb mus txog hauv lub pagan legends txog cov creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lub teb chaws ntawm hauv paus chiv keeb, cov seas, cov neeg lub exploits ntawm ob zajlus thiab tiag cim.

Niaj hnub no

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab pej xeem art yuav tsis sawv cev rau precisely lub haiv neeg kab lis kev cai, raws li qhov no kab lis kev cai - preindustrial. Tej niaj hnub hais sib haum - los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws lub zos mus rau lub metropolis - yog ib tug fusion ntawm txawv haiv neeg tej pawg neeg, thiab lub ntuj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhua tus neeg uas tsis muaj nws thiab txais tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua. Yuav ua li cas nws yog tam sim no raug xa mus rau raws li pej xeem cov kos duab yog ib tug es txhob txwm stylization, folklorisation, rau cov uas muaj ib tug kws kos duab uas tshwm sim los ntawm haiv neeg motives.

Tej zaum nws yog pib xyaum ua hauj lwm, ib yam li cov huab hwm coj kab lis kev cai, thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm artisans. Nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees nws yuav tsum uas sau tias qhov tseem ntshiab thiab yog tseem tsim yuav suav hais tias tsuas crafts - arts and crafts. Muaj tseem yog tam sim no, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev, haiv neeg thiab creativity, txawm hais tias ntau lawm tau ntev muab tso rau hauv lub conveyor thiab lub caij rau cov improvisation tu siab heev.

Cov neeg thiab creativity

Yuav ua li cas cov neeg txhais tau li cas los ntawm cov neeg? Cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws, lub teb chaws. Tab sis, rau piv txwv, nyob rau hauv Russia muaj kaum thawj haiv neeg thiab pej xeem cov kos duab muaj ntau nta muaj nyob rau hauv lub sum ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg. Chuvash, Tatar, Mari, thiab txawm Chukchi - yog ib tug niaj hnub ua hauj lwm ntawm musicians, ntxias, architects tsis qiv los ntawm txhua lwm yam? Tab sis lawv cov sijhawm nqis elitist kab lis kev cai. Thiab vim hais tias peb muaj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus me nyuam roj hmab, peb muaj ib co export khoom, uas yog peb cov hauj lwm dab tsi card. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tsis sib xws, lub siab tshaj plaws tag nrho cov koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, yog li no yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm niaj hnub kos duab rau ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm Russia. Niaj hnub no yog:

• haiv neeg (folklorizirovannoe) creativity,
• amateur creativity,
• creativity ntawm cov neeg,
• amateur creativity.

Yees rau aesthetic kev ua si yog ciaj sia, raws li ntev raws li tus neeg tseem ciaj sia. Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub no ib thriving arts.

Art, muaj tswv yim hobby

Art yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb, kev kab lis kev cai uas yuav tsum tau txawv tshaj plaw txuj ci thiab ua hauj lwm - ib tug qhia ntawm cov theem ntawm aesthetic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej. Rau lus dab neeg kev sib raug zoo nws muaj heev me ntsis, tsuas yog cov kev tshoov siab: txhua composers, piv txwv li, sau tau ib hau kev, siv lub suab paj nruag ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj. Tab sis nws tsis muaj nws, tsis yog ib tug pej xeem song. Cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tsoos kab lis kev cai - creativity raws li ib tug qhia ntawm kev loj hlob pab neeg los yog ib tug neeg. Xws li ib tug kab lis kev cai muaj peev xwm tsim ntse thiab comprehensively. Cov tshwm sim ntawm loj kab lis kev cai raws li ib tug template wizard, ib tug khoom plig los ntawm cov neeg rau ib tug tau repetition - nws yog ib tug hobby, lub loog ntawm no zoo, uas yog tsim los tshem tawm kev nyuaj siab los ntawm mechanicalness lub neej niaj hnub.

Ntawm no koj yuav pom ib co cim ntawm primordial pib, nyob rau hauv lub artistic pej xeem kos duab thim nws cov ntxhais thiab txhais tau tias kev qhia. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj ntau dab: weaving, paj ntaub, carving, forging thiab casting, zoo nkauj painting, stamping, thiab hais txog. Yeej muaj tseeb pej xeem kos duab yog tsis paub txog contrasts hloov nyob rau hauv artistic yeej rau ib txhiab xyoo. Tam sim no nws ho enriched nyob rau hauv lub kawm pej xeem kos duab. Lub degree ntawm stylization txawv li zoo raws li qhov xwm ntawm cov kev nkag siab ntawm tag nrho cov qub khiab tsev nyob motives.

arts and crafts

Puas tau txij lub antiquity paub pej xeem thov kos duab rau ntawm Russia. Qhov no yog tej zaum qhov tsuas hom uas tsis tau undergone siv hloov mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Cov khoom los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial mus rau qhov hnub dai kom zoo nkauj thiab ua kom lub tsev thiab lub zej zog lub neej. Nyob deb nroog cov khoom siv tes mastered txawm ib tug ncaj nyuab qauv, nws yog pab nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub.

Txawm tias tam sim no tag nrho tej yam no yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas cov tswv yim raws li aesthetic load. Qhov no jewellery thiab whistles, cov khoom ua si, thiab sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj. Cheeb tsam sib txawv thiab cov cheeb tsam muaj lawv tus kheej cov hom ntawm cov arts, crafts and crafts. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab cov yeeb yuj yog cov nram no.

Ntoo phuam thiab samovars

Orenburg phuam npog taub hau - qhov no phuam npog taub hau, sov so thiab hnyav thiab weightless ntoo phuam thiab shawls-webs. Knitting qauv uas tuaj ntawm afar, cov cim, lawv qhia hais tias ib tug mus ib txhis tseeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev zoo nkauj, kev txiav txim. Tshis Orenburzhye heev tshwj xeeb, plaub muab ib tug txawv txawv, nws yuav muab spun nyias thiab check. Nyob rau hauv ib tug perpetual Orenburg knitters thiab Tula craftsmen. Lawv twb tsis tho kev: thawj tooj liab samovar twb pom nyob rau hauv lub excavations ntawm lub Volga nroog Dubovka, hnub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Nyob rau hauv Russia tshuaj yej ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Tab sis cov thawj samovar cob qhia tseem nyob rau hauv Tula. Qhov no unit yog tseem nyob rau hauv Honor, thiab tshuaj yej haus los ntawm ib tug samovar rau lub ntoo thuv cones - heev commonplace nyob rau hauv lub cottages. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj - tej kas tham, vases, pleev xim rau nrog lettering, embossing, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cwjmem cranes, thawj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, kuj tsis tshua muaj yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Tula samovars ua mus txog 1200 tauj xyoo! Lawv raug muag los ntawm ceeb thawj. Toog muaj nqis caum plaub rubles ib pud, thiab liab dag - cuaj caum. Nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj.