Lavxias teb sab paj huam Apollon Grigoryev: biography, creativity

Xyoo pua puv 19 tsis muaj yog vim li cas hu ua lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Thaum lub sij hawm no, peb tsim ntau ntau nyuab ntawm lo lus, cov uas yog Apollon Grigoriev. Nws biography, teev nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav muab rau koj ib tug tswv yim hais txog qhov no feemxyuam txiv neej. Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigorev (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1822-1864) yog hu ua tus Lavxias teb sab paj huam, tshuab txhais lus, ua yeeb yam thiab kev sau ntawv critic, memoirist.

Keeb kwm A. A. Grigoreva

Apollon Aleksandrovich yug nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 20, 1822. Nws yawg yog ib tug neeg ua teb uas tau tuaj mus rau Moscow mus ua hauj lwm los ntawm ib tug tej thaj chaw deb xeev. Rau lawv zog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub civil kev pab hauj lwm tus txiv neej no tau txais ib tug knighthood. Raws li rau nws tus txiv Apollon Grigoriev, nws tsis mloog qhov yuav ntawm cov niam txiv thiab txuas lawv lub neej nrog tus ntxhais ntawm serf tsav tsheb. Tsuas yog ib lub xyoo tom qab yug tus me nyuam ntawm nws tus tub Apollo cov niam txiv tau sib yuav, yog li lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug twb ntshai li ib tug tsaub me nyuam. Apollo Grigoriev tswj kom tau ib tug tus kheej nom tswv cajceg xwb nyob rau hauv 1850, thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv lub nyob qib titular counselor. Noble title li tau rov qab los.

lub sij hawm ntawm kev cob qhia, clerical ua hauj lwm

Lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug twb kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tam sim ntawd mus Moscow University, dua cov high school. Ntawm no, nyob rau txoj cai lij choj School, nws mus kawm lub lectures ntawm M. P. Pogodina, T. N. Granovskogo, SP Shevyreva thiab lwm tus. Peb hero yog cov menyuam Ya. P. Polonsky thiab A. A. FET. Nrog lawv nws yog lub koom haum kev sau ntawv voj voog nyob rau uas cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug nyeem lawv tej hauj lwm mus rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv 1842 nws kawm tiav los ntawm University of Apollon Aleksandrovich. Tom qab hais tias, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab ces los ua tus Secretary ntawm lub Board. Txawm li cas los, Grigoriev twb tsis tau muab clerical ua hauj lwm - twg nws yog dog dig, tsis nco qab mus sau npe rau lawv nrog rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov phau ntawv.

thawj phau ntawv

Txij li thaum 1843 pib luam tawm Apollon Grigoriev. Nws cov kwv huam muaj nyob heev kom nquag plias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1843 mus 1845 contributed rau qhov no unrequited txoj kev xav rau A. F. Korsh. Muaj ntau cov tswv yim ntawm cov lyrics Grigorieva piav precisely no txoj kev hlub ua yeeb yam - spontaneity thiab unbridled cwj pwm txawv, neeg tuag taus mob siab rau, kev hlub-wrestling. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog lub paj huam "Comet", qhov twg chaos romantic txoj kev xav piv nrog qhov chaw kws sau paj lug dab. Cov sentiments yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg prose Apollo Alexandrovich, ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug chaw muag mis nyuj. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm no yog hu ua "Pages ntawm sau roving sophist" (sau nyob rau hauv 1844, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1917).

Xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Tiv kev txom nyem los ntawm cov nuj nqis, devastated tom qab ib tug chim siab nyob rau hauv kev hlub, Grigoriev txiav txim siab los pib ib lub neej tshiab. Nws nyiag mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov twg nws twb tsis muaj cov phooj ywg. Grigoriev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1844 mus 1845 tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Senate thiab nyob rau hauv lub council decorum, tab sis, ces txiav txim siab mus rau tawm cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav mob siab tag nrho nws lub sij hawm mus sau ntawv. Grigoriev sau ua yeeb yam thiab paj huam, thiab prose, thiab ua yeeb yam, thiab kev sau ntawv thuam. Nyob rau hauv 1844-1846 gg. Apollon Aleksandrovich tau collaborated nrog cov "repertoire thiab cov Pantheon." Lub magazine coj nws tsim raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Nws tau luam tawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm ua yeeb yam, xyuas ntawm ua yeeb yam, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug ntau ntawm cov paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nqe "Ob tug qia" (nyob rau hauv 1845). Tom qab ntawd tuaj nws trilogy, thawj uas - "txiv neej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej", qhov thib ob - "Kuv acquaintance nrog Vitalina" thiab qhov kawg - "Ophelia". Apollon Grigoriev twb tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus (muaj "Antigone ntawm Sophocles" nyob rau hauv 1846, "tsev kawm ntawv rau txiv Moliere" thiab lwm yam hauj lwm).

Rov qab mus rau Moscow

Grigoriev muaj ib tug siab zoo qhov uas ua rau nws hloov kev ntseeg, mus maj los ntawm ib tug huab mus rau lwm lub, mus nrhiav kev tawm tshiab hom phiaj thiab hlub. Nyob rau hauv 1847, chim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow. Ntawm no nws pib ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov ntawv xov xwm "Moscow City nplooj". Ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg 4 cov khoom Grigorieva "Gogol thiab nws tseeb phau ntawv," tsim nyob rau hauv 1847.

sib yuav

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Apollon Aleksandrovich khi lub pob cyuam. Apollon Grigoriev tus poj niam yog tus muam ntawm A. F. Korsh. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, vim nws frivolous coj lub sib yuav tau annulled. Grigoryev rov pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev puas hlwb kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab. Muaj ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no, lub kws sau paj lug lub neej, tej zaum yuav tsis tau tsim yog hais tias tsis rau tus poj niam Apollona Grigoreva thiab nws frivolous tus cwj pwm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Apollon Aleksandrovich luam tawm ib tug poetic voj voog cai "chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm kev hlub thiab kev thov Vajtswv." Nyob rau hauv 1879, nws tau nkaus luam tawm no voj voog, tom qab nws tuag Apollon Grigoriev. Kwv huam muab tso nyob rau hauv nws yog devoted kom zoo nkauj Hmoob thiab unrequited kev hlub rau nws.

Kev qhia ntawv, Grigoriev critic

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1848 mus 1857 Apollon Aleksandrovich yog ib tug xib fwb. Nws coj lub jurisprudence nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws collaborated nrog lub cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab tsim tshiab tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1850, Gregory ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg kho ntawm "Moskvityanin". Nws lub koom haum, "cov tub ntxhais editorial neeg ua hauj lwm" nrog A. N. Ostrovskim. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug thuam ntawm lub department "Moskvityanin".

Raws li ib tug critic Apollon Grigoriev ntawm lub sij hawm no ua ib tug loj nyob rau hauv daim duab ua yeeb yam voj voog. Nws tshaj tawm txoj naturalness thiab realism nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab playwriting. Muaj ntau productions thiab plays menyuam Apollon Grigoriev. Hais txog "Cua daj" Ostrovsky sau nws feem ntau raws li ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov kev ua si critic xav tias cov muaj peev xwm sau poetically thiab meej portray lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws lub neej. Grigoriev hais tias lub nplhaib ntawm lub xeev lub neej thiab txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm thiab cov txheej xwm ntawm lub qee xwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom, tsis yog kov.

Apollon Grigoriev lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm cov kab lus "Pushkin - yog txhua yam." Creation ntawm Alexander, ntawm chav kawm, nws teem heev. Nws nqe lus yog heev nthuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dab tsi nws hais tias hais txog cov Apollo Grigoryev Evgenii Onegine. Critics hais tias nyuaj siab vim Eugene muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntuj xam qhovkev kev thuam, uas yog peculiar Lavxias teb sab kev txiav txim zoo. Apollon Aleksandrovich hais tias cov haiv neeg yog tsis txhob liam rau tus chim thiab po, cheb Onegin. Nws sau tseg hais tias lawv tsis tao los ntawm skepticism thiab npau taws, xws li Childe Harold, thiab Eugene ntawm giftedness.

Nyob rau hauv 1856, "Moskvityanin" kaw. Tom qab ntawd Apollo Alexandrovich caw mus rau lwm cov phau ntawv Magazine, xws li "Kawm" thiab "Lavxias teb sab kev sib tham." Txawm li cas los, nws kam rau siab txais qhov kev tsuas yog hais tias tus kheej cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb heev department. Yog li ntawd, cov kev sib khom lus tuaj mus rau qhov kawg xwb cov ntaub ntawv kwv huam, cov khoom thiab cov kev txhais Grigorieva.

tshiab hlub

Nyob rau hauv 1852-57 gg. Grigorev Apollon Aleksandrovich relived unrequited kev hlub, lub sij hawm no mus LY Wizard. Nyob rau hauv 1857 nyob rau hauv lub poetic voj voog "sib ntaus sib tua," uas muaj xws li lub npe nrov tshaj verses Grigorieva "Hungarian Gypsy" thiab "Oh, qhia rau kuv tsawg kawg yog koj yog nrog kuv ...". BLOK hu ua cov hauj lwm pearls Lavxias teb sab lyrics.

Txawv tebchaws mus cov teb chaws Europe

Apollon Grigoriev, los ua ib tug pab qhia thiab qhia ntawm tub huabtais I. Yu. Trubetskogo, mus rau cov teb chaws Europe (Ltalis, Fabkis). Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1857 mus rau 1858 nws nyob rau hauv Florence thiab Paris, mus saib puas. Rov qab tsev, Grigoriev mus rau sau, txij li thaum 1861 yog koom kev sis koom teg nrog tus magazine "ntu" thiab "Lub sij hawm", uas tau mus los ntawm Fyodor M. M. Dostoevskie thiab. Dostoevsky qhia Apollonu Aleksandrovichu tsim ib memoir ntawm qhov tam sim no tiam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, thiab hais tias nqa Apollo Grigoriev. Nws creativity muaj xws li "Kuv sau ntawv thiab kev coj tsis ncaj skitalchestva" - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim npaj lub npe.

Philosophical thiab aesthetic views Grigorieva

Philosophical thiab aesthetic views Grigoriev tsim nyob rau hauv tus Slavophilism (Khomyakova) thiab Romantic (Emerson, Schelling, Carlyle). Nws paub qhov tseem ceeb heev kev cai dab qhuas thiab lub teb chaws-yawg suab hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Txawm li cas los, nws ua hauj lwm ua ke nrog kev thuam ntawm meej zej zog pib puritanical kev txiav txim hais txog cov ntaub ntawv. Apollon Aleksandrovich kuj defended lub tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws kev sib sau ntawm cov kws tshuaj thiab post-Petrine lub sij hawm. Nws ntseeg hais tias rau Westernism thiab Slavophilism yam ntxwv limiting tus uas duav txhua yam ntawm lub keeb kwm lub neej schemes, paub daws teeb theorizing. Txawm li cas los, raws li Grigoriev, ib lub zej zog zoo tagnrho ntawm cov Slavophiles incomparably zoo dua Westernism kev pab cuam uas paub nws zoo tagnrho taub hau (uniformed tib neeg barracks).

Grigorieva outlook ntau siab reflected nyob rau hauv tus thuam ntawm cov organic kev tshawb xav nws tsim. Tus heev tswvyim ntawm organic thuam sau raws nkaus Ii qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov organic xwm ntawm cov kos duab, uas yog embodied synthetically ntau yam organic lub neej pib. Raws li nws, kos duab - ib feem ntawm lub neej, nws zoo tagnrho qhia, tsis yog ib daim qauv ntawm kev muaj tiag.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj huam

Grigoriev lub paj huam hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Lermontov. Apollon Aleksandrovich hu ua nws tus kheej kawg romantic. Lub motives ntawm lub disharmony ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab tsis cia siab raug txom nyem yeej central rau nws ua hauj lwm. Lawv feem ntau txeej tshaj rau hauv hysterical caij ntawm kev lom zem, kev lom zem. Muaj ntau ntawm cov kwv huam Grigorieva (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub voj voog ntawm lub nroog) vim mob kev orientation yog yooj yim mus rau luam tawm. Qhov no tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws Lavxias teb sab nias. Nyob rau hauv kev, peb xav nyob rau hauv lub poetic legacy ntawm tus sau yog heev unequally, tab sis nws zoo tshaj plaws tsim yaam tshab ntawm txawv brightness thiab txawv tshaj plaw tig tau.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Apollon Grigoriev rau nws lub neej lawm ib tug tsis ntseeg Vajtswv thiab mystic Slavophile thiab ib tug Freemason, ib tug yeeb ncuab-polemicist thiab zoo phooj ywg, binge drinker thiab kev ncaj ncees tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tag nrho cov extremes tsoo nws. Apollon Grigoriev entangled nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv 1861, nws tau yuam kom zaum tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug debtor tus hauv tsev lojcuj. Tom qab hais tias, lub sij hawm tas nws sim hloov nws lub neej, uas mus rau Orenburg. Ntawm no Grigoriev yog ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub Cadet Corps. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txawv tebchaws yog tsuas yog exacerbate qhov mob ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib zaug dua muaj ib tug so nrog nws tus poj niam M. F. Dubrovskoy. Apollon Aleksandrovich nce nrhiav oblivion nyob rau hauv cawu cub. Rov qab los ntawm Orenburg, nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis, nrog kev cuam tshuam. Grigoriev zam los ze zog mus txawj tog, tsuas yog xav mus ua hauj lwm kos duab.

Tuag A. A. Grigoreva

Nyob rau hauv 1864 Apollonu Aleksandrovichu yuav tsum tau pab ob zaug nyob rau hauv ib tug debtor tus hauv tsev lojcuj. Kiag sab sab kev xav, kev nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg los ntawm ib tug mob stroke tuag Apollon Grigoriev. Nws biography xaus Cuaj hlis 25, 1864.