Kev cai lij choj, State thiab kev cai lij choj
Lavxias teb sab Navy - muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lavxias teb sab Navy ships. Lavxias teb sab Navy chij
Naval Rog - qhov no yog ib qho ceg ntawm lub Armed Forces, sawv khwb tshaj kev txaus siab ntawm Russia. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv ntawv los mus tiv thaiv lub teb nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab cov hiav txwv theaters. Fleet npaj mus nrog cov av rog thaum lub sij hawm tau continental kev tsov kev rog.
Navy chij
Lavxias teb sab Navy chij yog ib lub cim ntawm kev ua siab loj thiab lub yeeb koob. Nws muaj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus keeb kwm. Nws tshwm sim yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Petra Velikogo, thiab lub npe - lub npe ntawm tus Thwj Tim Andrew, uas twb destined los ua tus thawj hu ua rau cov thwj tim ntawm Tswv Yexus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov dawb huv lub hom phiaj ntawm Vajtswv khiav tej hauj lwm, tuaj txog ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Russia, nqa haiv neeg, nws populates txoj kev ntseeg. Sib sib zog nqus hwm rau tus Russians rau nws manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub tso cai los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. Andrew nyob rau hauv 1696, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov dluab ntawm mus xyuas rau ntawm peb lub teb chaws zoo kawg nkaus tubtxib.
Raws li tus chij twb tsim? Peter kuv, tus zoo reformer ntawm cov tub rog thiab rog, yog tus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv heraldry. Nws analyzed lub keeb kwm parallels, cim. Lub ntsiab motive ntawm cov banner yog tus oblique ntoo khaub lig (Thwj Tim Andrew, zoo li Khetos, tuag saum ntoo khaublig rau tus ntoo khaub lig rau txoj kev ntseeg). Yog li ntawd, ntau tiam ntawm peb sailors sawv cev los ntawm Tsar Peter lub cim uas txuam nrog rau txoj kev ntseeg thiab lub Fatherland. Raws li naval sawv, tus tauj ncov loj, hais Lavxias teb sab sailors ua ntej qhov kev sib ntaus, yeej ib txwm twb los hais tias lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Vajtswv thiab St. Andrew tus chij.
Navy los ntawm 1992 regained lub keeb kwm chij ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy, yog li ntxiv ib qho tu ncua kev lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv nws, raws li ua ntej, cov neeg tsav nkoj ua lub luag hauj lwm pab raws qib ntawm kev tswj lub teb chaws tiv thaiv.
Fleet ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peacetime
Nyob rau hauv peacetime, lub peev xwm ntawm fleet yog siv mus rau deter tau aggression los ntawm ib tug neeg tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv relation mus rau Lavxias teb sab Federation. Yog tas mus li kev cob qhia thiab kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav zoo li uas ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm kev kaj siab, tab sis qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tu ncua ua kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm missile-nqa submarines (RPLSN). Nyob rau hauv leeg ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw yog nrhiav, kev saib xyuas thiab kev pab txhawb nqa RPLSN, cov cab kuj sib ntaus sib tua pawg yuav tus nrog sib ntaus. Nqa nws ntxeev siab tawm tsam txawj ntse, kev sib txuas lus. Ib tug ua ntej daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm tau hostilities.
Lavxias teb sab Navy yog npaj txhij mus ua cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv, mus ua ke nrog lub sab hauv Ministry thiab nrog troops nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm civil teeb meem, thiab yog hais tias muaj kev puas tsuaj - ua hauj lwm ua ke nrog lub Ministry of Emergency zaus thiab Civil kws muaj txuj ci.
Nws yog pom tseeb tias naval rog sawv cev rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws guarantee ntawm lub teb chaws nyiaj txiag cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Lawv sawv cev rau lub Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub loj heev expanse ntawm dej, ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov hais kom ua representational zog los mus xyuas ntawm ships. Lavxias teb sab Navy kuj yog nyob lwm lub lav cov luag num los ntawm kev koom nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb lub zej lub zos ratified peacekeeping ua hauj lwm, muab hais tias lawv tau raws li qhov kev txaus siab ntawm lub teb chaws.
Fleet ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv wartime
Nyob rau hauv wartime, qhov fleet yog npaj txhij rau kev koom tiv thaiv lub sovereignty ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub internal hiav txwv dej, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cais tsam thiab lub continental txee. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntshai heev txawm mus nqa tawm ib qho kev "maritime ua hauj lwm" - los mus tiv thaiv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov seas. Mus nqa tawm lub saum toj no paub tab thaum lub sij hawm daim kev cai tswjhwm qauv ntawm sib ntaus sib tua kev ua si, nws pauv mus rau lub xeev los ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm xa mus. Yog hais tias tau localize qhov teeb meem, los yog tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tiv thaiv shipping, tseem ceeb heev ua no muaj nuj nqi.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm lub active theem ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy fleet yuav tsum ntaus tej thaj chaw deb yeeb ncuab av lub hom phaj, kom cov sib ntaus los lag luam RPLSN, ntaus submarines thiab nto naval rog, nqaum defenses, tiv thaiv cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Russia, sib txuas lus nrog rau hauv pem troops frontline pawg.
lub fleet
Phau Ntawv Qhia rog nqa tawm hauv lub txib ntawm Navy. Qhov no yog hais txog cov kev tswj ntawm nws haumxeeb rog thiab cov kev pab: nto thiab underwater, naval aviation, nqaum pab tub rog, nqaum artillery thiab rockets, Marines.
Organizational Lavxias teb sab Navy muaj cov nram qab no ua hauj lwm zoo-xaiv yaam alliances: lub Baltic, Northern, Pacific, Dub hiav txwv Fleet thiab cov Caspian Flotilla.
Northern fleet
Qhov ntev ntawm lub missile cruiser yog 251,1 m, lub dav yog sib npaug zos rau 28.5 m, qhov siab los ntawm cov theem ntawm nws puag dav hlau - 59 m, xaav - 23,7 tons .. Haib "lub siab" ntawm lub giant yog ob nuclear reactors. Cruising flagship ntawm Russia yog txiav txim los ntawm ib tug Tshuag ntawm cov khoom noj rau cov neeg coob nyob rau ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib, uas yog txaus rau txog 2 lub hlis. Technically, vim hais tias ntawm nws cov reactors, lub cruiser yuav ntab indefinitely - tsis tau hu qhov chaw nres nkoj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ceev ntawm lub nkoj - 31 pob caus ntawd.
Lub sab qaum teb Fleet - lub feem ntau formidable ua hauj lwm-xaiv yaam tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy. Nws constituent hwj chim ntawm warships rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tub rog kev cob qhia tsis tu ncua kev cob qhia kev sib ntaus los missions muab. Piv txwv li, lub flagship ntawm lub fleet txog ib zaug ib xyoos thiab ib nrab ua ke nrog lub nrog ships hla lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv, nyob rau account ntawm nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb ce "Vostok-2010", "Indra-2009".
Lub Baltic fleet
Kaw lub "qhov rais rau teb chaws Europe" tau raug muab rau neeg lub Baltic Fleet ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg (ships) tam sim no sib raug kho thiab tshiab. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau zuj zus cov teb chaws Europe tus tub rog zaum ntawm NATO. Lub Baltic fleet yog npaj yuav tsum tau muaj zog los ntawm lub tshiab frigates ntawm Project 11356 nrog yim cruise anti-nkoj cuaj luaj thiab anti-submarine raketotorpedami on board.
Qhov no ua hauj lwm thiab xaiv yaam tsim raws li nyob rau hauv Kaliningrad (Baltiysk) thiab Leningrad cheeb tsam (Kronshtadt). Feem, nws tiv thaiv cov Baltic economic tsam, muaj txhawb rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua lub zog ntawm txawv teb chaws txoj cai. Nws yog tus hiob Lavxias teb sab fleet. Nws keeb kwm pib nrog ib tug yeej tshaj qhov Swedish hlab ntsha 18.05.1703 Niaj hnub no, ob tug destroyers - "Nyob tsis tswm" thiab "Pheej" - lub hauv paus ntawm nqe ntaus rog hwj chim ntawm tus Baltic Lavxias teb sab Navy.
Tsim ib tug brigade kev sib ntaus los tej zaum ntawm diesel submarines, ships ntawm lub division nto, koom haum pab nkoj sib txuas, nqaum pab tub rog, tub rog hiav txwv aviation. Flagship yog lub destroyer "Pheej". Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tam sim no yog tshiab nkoj navigation tshuab (gidrometeokompleksov, kuas systems, gidrokursoukazateley thiab thiaj li nyob.), Npaj tau upgrade qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Baltiysk.
Dub hiav txwv fleet
Tom qab pub ntxiv tshaj lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws ntawm lub Crimea nyob rau hauv 1783, thaum Empress Catherine lub Great tsim no fleet. Niaj hnub no nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Sevastopol thiab Novorossiysk. Nyob rau 18.03.2014, lub ntsiab hauv paus ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet - Sevastopol - ua ib feem ntawm Russia.
25 txhiab. Txiv neej muaj l / s Dub hiav txwv Lavxias teb sab Navy. Ua li nws rog thiab txhais tau tias cov nram qab no: ib tug submarine diesel hom, nto ships xws li "dej hiav txwv Hiav txwv" naval aircraft (fighter, missile-nqa, anti-submarine). Lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm lub fleet yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov Dub hiav txwv economic tsam thiab shipping software. Lub flagship ntawm lub fleet yog missile cruiser "Moskva".
Tam sim no, cov tub rog soj ntsuam tau qhia hauv lub tsim ntawm Dub hiav txwv tub rog hiav txwv ntug hiav tiv thaiv pab tub rog thiab artillery nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj cua / h, nrog ib tug bank ntawm S-300PM2 "Carapace-C1". Nws yuav tsum hais tias lub Navy aircraft yuav kho kom zoo nrog lub Mig-29 thiab Su-27SM, Su-25SM. Nws yog kuj yuav tsum txhawb anti-submarine aircraft los ntawm ntxiv Manning Il-38H, poob siab helicopters Ka-52K lawj thiab Ka-29M thiab Ka-27.
Raws li qhia nyob rau hauv xovxwm ntawm lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv tso kom muaj kab muaj kev yog stationed bombers ntawm nyob deb aircraft Tu-22M3. Lawv yuav tsum tau tactically txhawb ships ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy Mediterranean squadron. Nyob rau hauv parallel, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv av / h ceg av qab teb.
Pacific fleet
Cov Lavxias teb sab rog tiv thaiv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia-Pacific cheeb tsam. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv Vladivostok, nyob rau hauv Fokino, lub me me Ulysses. Lub hauv paus ntawm nqe ntaus rog hwj chim ntawm tus xaiv yaam missile submarine cruiser, submarine nuclear thiab diesel, dej hiav txwv nto ships, naval aircraft (fighter, missile-nqa, antisubmarine), nqaum pab tub rog. Lub flagship ntawm lub fleet yog missile cruiser "Varyag".
Qhov no fleet muaj ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv yaam hom phiaj ntawm deterrence. Tas li nyob rau kev yog leej twg nuclear submarines. Pacific ships ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy ce guaranteed kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub regional economic aav.
Caspian flotilla
Ships teej tug mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab Navy
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, lub sau yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib lub nkoj ntawm lub Navy Russia, tab sis tom qab tag nrho cov, raws li nws muab tawm, cov ntaub ntawv no yog dawb do muaj nyob. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus rau "puag tus tsis kawg": nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim compact daim ntawv xa txoj kev cov ntaub ntawv rau fleets powers occupying 1/5 ntawm lub teb chaws (saib Table 1) .. Peb tawm tswv yim rau cov kev txo ua nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no: Fleet tus nyob rau hauv nws rau compactness yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum rooj plaub.
Rooj 1. nkoj lub Navy Russia thaum pib ntawm 2014.
| chav kawm ntawv | C | B | T | CFLs | B | tsuas |
| Foob pob ua ntxaij Mob. cruiser strategist. lo lus uas peb | 10 | 4 | 14 | |||
| Diz. / Electric submarine | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 20 | |
| Multipurpose nuclear submarines armed nrog cruise cuaj luaj nrog torpedo | 18 | 10 | 28 | |||
| Tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj nuclear submarines | 8 | 8 | ||||
| Diesel submarines rau tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||
| Tag nrho cov - submarine fleet | 47 | 3 | 24 | 0 | 2 | 76 |
| Qaum. nuclear cuaj luaj. cruiser | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Qaum. aircraft muaj | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Cuaj luaj. cruiser | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Squadrons. destroyers | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | ||
| Neeg zov nyas deb ships | 2 | 3 | 5 | |||
| Loj protivolod. ships | 5 | 4 | 1 | 10 | ||
| Khwb nearer ships | 3 | 2 | 5 | |||
| Me rockets. ships | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 17 |
| Me artillery. ships | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Me protivolod. ships | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 28 | |
| Cuaj luaj. tej nkoj nquam | 7 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 29 | |
| Protivodivers. tej nkoj nquam | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |
| Artillery. tej nkoj nquam | 2 | 5 | 7 | |||
| nyob deb trawlers | 4 | 2 | 7 | 13 | ||
| minesweepers raid | 1 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 23 | |
| Ze trawlers | 6 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
| Loj tsaws. ships | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 19 | |
| Troopers. tej nkoj nquam | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 22 |
| Troopers. ships nyob rau hauv cov cua. naj hoom. | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Tag nrho cov - nto fleet | 42 | 56 | 52 | 33 | 44 | 227 |
Zeem muag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy
Cia peb tsom xam lub zeem muag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub fleet raws li nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog cov coj nyob rau hauv thawj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy Admiral Viktorom Viktorovichem Chirkovym.
Tus heev logic ntawm cov rog raws li ib tug complex, tag nrho cov kab mob, hais tias Admiral, tsis txais hasty kev txiav txim siab.
Yog li ntawd, nws kev loj hlob yog npaj raws li ib tug xaiv yaam kev 2050. Lub hom phiaj ntawm ntxiv kev kawm yog txuam nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm nuclear deterrence ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Lub hom phiaj hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Navy yuav tau txais lub newest ships nyob rau hauv 3 theem:
- los ntawm 2012 mus 2020;
- los ntawm 2021 mus 2030;
- los ntawm 2031 mus 2050.
Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm underwater nuclear cruisers Tiam IV yuav tau ua kom tiav. Lub ntsiab cab kuj ntawm ballistic riam phom yuav RPLSN 955A project.
Qhov thib ob theem yuav tsum khij los ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm uas twb muaj lawm Tiam IV RPLSN lawv cov phooj ywg. Nws kuj npaj los tsim ib tug saum npoo nkoj naval xaiv yaam missile system. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub atomic submarine cruisers ntawm lub thib tsib tiam yuav tsum launched.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem kev tsim kho ntawm Kuaj nuclear cruisers V tiam yuav tsum tau deployed.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Navy, cov newest ships - xaiv yaam submarine cruisers thiab RPLSN - yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm nce secrecy, tsis muaj suab nrov, tag nrho kev sib txuas lus, kev siv ntawm tib neeg hlau.
Cov kev sib tw txojkev nqaum pab tub rog
Nyuam qhuav pib, peb twb muaj npe lub ntsiab hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Navy rau tag nrho nws cov fleets. Txawm li cas los, lub tswv yim npaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub fleet rau lub sij hawm mus rau 2050, ntawm chav kawm, kov thiab ntug dej hiav txwv khwb. Yuav ua li cas accents nws pom Commander Chirkov? Xav lub hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Navy nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntxiv xaiv yaam kev loj hlob, Victor cia siab rau cov kawm tiav ntawm lub chaw ntug hiav tiv thaiv systems, kev cob qhia thiab equipping ntawm Marines mus nqa tawm kev pab raws qib nyob rau hauv lub North.
xaus
Txawm tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom haum cov qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Navy yuav tsis hloov (4 thiab 1 fleet flotilla), nyob rau hauv lawv yuav tsim muaj ntau haiv neeg heev maneuverable strike quab yuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov creation tseem ntse tsim unmanned tsheb, dag txawj ntse systems, marine robotosistem, uas tsis yog-ua tuag riam phom.
Summing li kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Navy, yuav tsum tau them rau kev mloog kom lub zeem muag ntawm kho dua IV ntawm lub ships, thiab ces tus V tiam. Txawm li cas los lub hauv paus rog hwj chim tom qab txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau underwater atomic cruiser V tiam. Tus thawj xib fwb nce nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los hwj chim yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm kev tswj systems, kev koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog hiav txwv rog nyob rau hauv lub inter-kev pab cuam rog nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam uas tau hostilities.
Thaum peb xaus peb coj kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Navy - ib tug yees duab ntawm nws cov nuclear flagship, lub missile cruiser "Petr Veliky".
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