Haiv neeg cov khoom siv yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm cov haiv neeg txawv teb chaws. Lawv qhia txog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg zoo, zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus ntsuj plig, kev ntshaw kom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo ntawm Vajtswv lub ntiaj teb. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm pej xeem cov neeg txawj ntse nyob hauv lawv cov khoom, ntau yam uas tsis yog ib puas xyoo. Nyob thiab thov peb, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg zoo li ua si, tswj nrog threads thiab koob, bobbins thiab knitting koob, txhuam thiab xim. Thiab kuj nrog axes thiab hammers, tsim tau zoo kawg rau cov kev ua si tsis muaj ib tus ntsia thawv, cov nplaim ntoo lossis hlau hlua thiab lwm yam txuj ci tseem ceeb nrog lawv cov ris tsho.
Artists ntawm Vajtswv
Ural-Siberian painting yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv ua neeg nyiam. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem pom nyob rau hauv cov tais diav tshuaj antique, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov tais diav hauv qhov chaw nyob hauv cov tsev neeg nyob hauv cov zos me me. Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw no tau hnov qab los ntawm Vajtswv, thiab thawj lub teb chaws txoj kev xav tau khaws tseg, thiab nyob hauv cov tsev neeg los ntawm qub txeeg qub tes uas lawv dhau thiab ua tib zoo khaws cov khoom ua los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txiv. Qhov no yog Ural-Siberian nrag - ib qho tshwm sim uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Russians ntev, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub 17-18 centuries. Nws tau pom daim ntawv thov dav dav hauv qhov tsim ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov neeg feem ntau, rov xav txog qhov kev ntshaw ntawm tib neeg rau qhov zoo nkauj, lub siab xav ennoble lawv lub neej. Thaum sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm Siberia thiab Urals pib ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Pomorie thiab Lavxias teb sab North, lawv, lawv tau hloov lawv cov kab lis kev cai, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam, rau ib qho chaw tshiab. Thiab zaj duab xis hauv Ural-Siberian tau los ua ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg nyiam hauv zos nrog cov neeg tuaj txog. Thaum xaus ntawm lub 18th thiab ntxov 19th centuries, cov neeg ploj ntawm cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine raug xa mus rau Siberia thiab Urals hauv kev nrhiav ntawm ib qho zoo dua ntawm thaj tshiab thaj av. Lawv kuj tau pab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv nyob hauv kev sib hais haum. Qhov no tau qhia meej meej nyob rau hauv cov kev nrhav ntawm tsab ntawv, uas qhia qhov txawv ntawm lub Xeem Ural-Siberian nrag ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
Ntaus cov tshuab
Yuav ua li cas thiaj li paub qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm thaj av no los ntawm lwm tus? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov thiaj li hu "ob" smearing cov txheej txheem. Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus, dhau ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus, ntau hom xim yog qhov thib ob kos npe uas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij haiv neeg, tus kws sau keeb kwm, tus kws kos duab los yog kos duab kos duab tam sim ntawd yuav qhia tau tias peb muaj Ural-Siberian painting. Cov duab, muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm ua piv txwv, kuj pab qhia tau hais tias cov neeg tsis paub txog kev hnav khaub ncaws. Qhov thib peb qho tshwj xeeb feature ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm peasant nuggets yog txoj kev ywj pheej, kev txhim kho hauv daim duab. Tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej siv cov keeb kwm roj ntawm cov khoom, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws qhia nws lub tswv yim zoo. Qhov no yog lub complexity ntawm cov txheej txheem: tus artist tsim tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj npaj drafts.
Tes ntawm tus Xib Hwb
Muaj cov duab Ural-Siberian nrag ntawm lub ntiaj teb cog, cov duab ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauj lwm cais, tus kos duab zoo rau qhov kev sib tw ntawm qhov sib txawv, sim ua kom pom tseeb qhov wealth ntawm qhov no los yog qhov xim ntxoov ntxoo. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov duab kos duab tais diav, tais diav, khau npog, khawm qhov rai thiab qhov zoo li, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj riot ntawm cov xim - lawv siv 3-4 siab tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws yog ua tsaug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov uas muaj kua, ua tau zoo, vignette ntawm daim duab. Qhov tseem revealing nyob rau hauv no hwm, lub Ural-Siberian painting rau ntoo. Ib lub pob tawb coj ntawm wildflowers, ib tug puv tes ntawm strawberry berries, ib tug ntsuab twig - txhua yam zoo li kov, ntxim hlub thiab zoo nkauj heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau tom qab dub - dub, xim av, xiav.
Motifs kev nrag
Dab tsi yog feem ntau tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv zos? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov xwm yog qhov ib puag ncig los yog ib qho uas yog ib txwm nyob rau cov neeg tsiv teb nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog qhov zoo qhia los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov duab hauv Ural-Siberian. Berries thiab paj, ntse rau cov chaw, txawv teb chaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txhuam txhuam, nyom thiab shrubs flaunt nyob rau hauv cov duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv cov splendor. Feem ntau nws yog ua tau pom cov noog on pej xeem crafts. Ntawm lawv, ib tug neeg khab heev ntawm ib tug peasant farmstead - ib tug rooster - nyob rau hauv elegant plumage, kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab hav zoov - ib pheasant - nyob rau hauv nws kaj "hnav", withered owls, zoo prophetesses, syrins nrog tu siab poj niam ntsej muag. From beasts ntxias ntawm Urals thiab Siberia tau kos dais, hma, dev. Cov duab ntawm cov neeg, raws li txoj cai, yog cov ntxhais liab thiab zoo fellows nyob hauv lub teb chaws costumes los yog ua haujlwm attire.
Txhim kho cov ntsiab lus
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov golden seem, lub proportionality ntawm tag nrho cov lub ntsiab ntawm lub muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau rau cov Ural-Siberian painting. Daim duab tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv qhov chaw. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag - cov nyom, cov ceg ntoo, cov paj ntoo, nplooj - cov lus sib npaug, ua rau cov keeb kwm yav dhau, txawv, nthuav tawm, thiab nthuav cov duab - feem pua. Ua tsaug rau lawv, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab yog ntaus nqi raws li kev sib haum xeeb tag nrho.
Xim ua ke
Txawm nyob hauv lub hnub qub, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm thaj chaw Ural thiab Siberian tau tsim thiab siv cov txheej txheem "tshuaj dawb". Dab tsi yog: thaum lub keeb kwm ntawm cov duab xuab moos tsaus (ntsuab, txiv kab ntxwv, burgundy, xiav), tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj dawb xim ntxiv rau nws. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, lub palette nrhiav tau pastel softness, qee cov tones muffled. Thiab yog hais tias tus keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov duab raug xaiv nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb palette - xiav, woody, golden, dawb, ces pej xeem Masters siv lub "razzhivku" - strokes tsaus. Rau li cas nws yuav tsum tau: kom sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv kev hloov los ntawm ib tug xim mus rau lwm, los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim duab mus rau nws cov sawv. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab hauv Ural-Siberian qhia peb qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim yaam tshab. Cov kab lig kev cai no tseem ciaj sia tam sim no ua tsaug rau cov neeg txawj ntse niaj hnub.