Ilia Chavchavadze: nthuav biographical tseeb

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - Georgian txawj sau ntawv, paj huam, tub vaj ntxwv, tau zus ib ntawm sovereignty thiab lub teb chaws ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv 1987 nws tau canonized los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws twb muaj npe los ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Ilia lub ncaj ncees. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nws suav hais tias lub npe nrov tshaj Chavchavadze Georgian lub teb chaws daim duab. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav nthuav nws luv luv biography. Wb tau pib.

Ilia Chavchavadze: txoj

Lub hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm tau txais raws li txoj cai kev kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University. Tab sis vim yog cov "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm keeb kwm" nyob rau hauv 1861 nws yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov hluas txiv neej.

Thaum pib ntawm 1864 Ilia Chavchavadze raug tsa pab tus tswv xeev-General, thiab mus rau ib lub hom phiaj rau Kutaisi xeev. Lub None yog los mus txiav txim lub cwj pwm ntawm cov peasants thiab cov tswv tsev.

Cov tom ntej no plaub lub xyoos Chavchavadze hais kev sib haum xeeb daws kho nyob rau hauv lub Tiflis xeev. Nws kuj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws txiav txim plaub nyob rau hauv no county kom txog rau thaum 1874. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Eliyas coj cov kis ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg cov pej xeem ntawm Georgia. Nyob rau hauv 1906, lub kws sau paj lug twb raug xaiv ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub State Council ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg. Thoob plaws hauv nws nom tswv hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua rau lub autonomy ntawm Georgia. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog tiv thaiv tus tub huabtais ua raws li cov tswv cuab ntawm RSDLP, thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman.

tua

Qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, uas nws ua hauj lwm yuav tau piav rau hauv qab no, twb mus ncig nrog nws tus poj niam Olga. Ob peb caij nyob rau hauv ib qho qhib carriage los ntawm Tbilisi rau Saguramo. Nyob ze lawv nres band Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). Txhua tus neeg ntawm cov neeg loj leeb muaj riam phom. Chavchavadze tig mus rau cov neeg loj leeb: "Tsis txhob tua, kuv Ilya." Gigla teb hais tias: "Qhov ntawd yog vim li cas peb yog yuam kom qhib hluav taws." Tom qab ntawd, muaj ib lub suab ntawm cov txhaj tshuaj tag.

Vakhtang Giruli nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv raug nplua lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj cov kws kho mob ntawm lub sij hawm hu ua Iashvili. Last txawm yog nws tsis yog ib tug pathologist thiab forensic tus paub txog, tab sis thuam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hauj lwm qhib ua. Raws li Iashvili tua nws tau ua tsis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub. Hais tias yog, qhov hluav taws kub qhib los ntawm tus thib ob tos kev tua, uas twb tsis paub cov neeg loj leeb Berbichashvili.

kab lus

Feem ntau cov neeg ntseeg tau hais tias Chavchavadze tua tsis tau solved kiag li. Berbichashvili laib cov tswv cuab raug kev txaus cai los ntawm cov neeg pluag lub xeev ntawm lawv tus kheej riam phom, thiab teev nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub hais tias "nws mus tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej." Lawv kuj tsis kam muab cov xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg muas zaub. Tus poj ntsuam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug hais kom cov tsev hais plaub rau txuag lub neej ntawm cov tub sab, thiab yog li hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus txiv. Tab sis, los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm "Stolypin tus tribunal", cov neeg loj leeb (tshwj tsis yog escaping Imeretia) twb tua.

versions

Tam sim no, ib co sau phau ntawv uas yog tsis paub nrog cov Georgian lus thiab keeb kwm, raws li tub huabtais killers Bolshevik (Lavxias teb sab). Piv txwv li, raws li xibfwb Anna Geifman, Ilia Chavchavadze taws nationalists coj tus tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov Socialist-Democrats. Qhov kawg coj lub Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Nws tsis yog kev zoo siab nrog tus thuam ntawm qhov kev pab cuam nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus tub huabtais. Qhov no zoo heev undermined cov nom tswv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Bolsheviks. Geifman Chavchavadze xam tau tias yog lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm lub tua neeg ntawm nws nco tej chaw raws li ib tug neeg thiab ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Tag nrho cov no Anna ris thiab nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv kev ua si ntawm Ilya G. xav hais tias nws coj tam sim ntawd tus peasants los ntawm radical socialism.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb no yog tsis muaj tseeb. Yog hais tias cov xibfwb paub lub keeb kwm ntawm Georgia, kuv yuav tsis tau ua li erroneous cov lus xaus. Firstly, lub nationalists thaum lub sij hawm hu ua los ntawm UFW tsis Chavchavadze thiab nws tus nrog sib ntaus Nikoladze. Secondly, qhov Democrats Socialists tsis qhia thaum nyob rau lub Mensheviks thiab cov Bolsheviks. Peb, cov neeg sab nrauv Ilya G. yog marginal thiab tsis yeej qhov kev xaiv tsa.

Muaj kuj lwm versions. Piv txwv li, lub Social Democrats suav hais tias yog organizer ntawm lub tua neeg ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Qhov motive ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ua anti-tsoom fwv txoj hauj lwm thiab nws cov tawm tsam rau lub abolition ntawm lub txim tuag.

creation

1857 - ib xyoo uas thaum nws pib mus rau luam tawm nws tej hauj lwm Ilia Chavchavadze. lub kws sau paj lug lub kwv huam tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv: cov ntawv xov xwm "Droeba" magazine "Tsiskari", nrhiav tau los ntawm nws "Sakartvelos Moambe", thiab lwm yam Tab sis lub npe nrov tshaj paj huam ntawm tub huabtais: "Niam thiab Leej Tub", "Alarm npaws," "Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel", "Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv", "Qhov rov los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tub sab." Tsis tas li ntawd Chavchavadze sau xws novels raws li "Lub gallows", "Christmas zaj dab neeg", "coj txawv txawv zaj dab neeg", "Cov tsiaj ntawv traveler", "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm ib tug neeg thov khawv", "Katsia-Adamiani" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Ilya G. txhais ua Lavxias teb sab ob peb ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Raws li rau cov kwv huam, lub Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv yuav nyeem xwb nrog "Alarm npaws". Los ntawm txoj kev, tag nrho cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv nws lub neej Chavchavadze, txhais ua Lavxias teb sab, twb sau nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib collection. Excerpts los ntawm nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Bulletin ntawm cov teb chaws Europe", "pictorial Review", thiab lwm yam

Translations

Ilya Chavchavadze txhais mus rau hauv lub hom lus ntawm Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov thiab Pushkin. Nws kuj ua li no nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes nrog rau lwm cov sau phau ntawv. Piv txwv li, nrog Ivan Machabeli txhais ua Georgian "King Lear."

Public neeg

Ilia Chavchavadze yog ib tug internationalist. Rau ntau xyoo nws defended ua saib tsis taus lub Armenian pejxeem ntawm Georgia. Tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm txaus ntshai rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv tus kheej lub neej. Tab sis lub kws sau paj lug pom Georgians koom proletarian lub teb chaws, thiab rau cov thawj - tus revolutionary vanguard. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Chavchavadze Tbilisi taws los ntawm lub teb chaws bank, nws kuj belongs rau lub proletarians lawv tus kheej, hu nkauj lawv tus kheej creativity. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ilya G. tiv thaiv lub Armenian, Ossetian, Lavxias teb sab, Turkish, etc. bourgeoisie. Nyob rau hauv 1902 nws luam tawm nws tsab xov xwm "Lub glaring pob zeb thiab Armenian zaum" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais lus. Nws tau ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab nrov. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov no anti-hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm ua raws li tsis tsuas yog tus Armenian bourgeoisie, tab sis kuj tshuav-tis Social Democrats.

Stalin txog cov kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, uas nws biography yog hais saum toj no, coj cov magazine "Iveria". Muaj nws luam tawm xya kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug Soso. Hluas Stalin sau nyob rau hauv no pseudonym thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv tsev kawm Vajluskub. Chavchavadze lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau muaj ib lub zog txhawb rau yav tom ntej lub taub hau ntawm lub Soviet Union. Stalin, uas muaj tej yam reservations, dhau lawm, ntseeg nws cov neeg koom proletarian lub teb chaws. Nws thesis yog txog kev ntxiv zog rau lub chav kawm ntawv nriaj li cov advent ntawm communism thiab socialism kis rau tag nrho tab sis Georgians. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tham nrog zaj duab xis director Michael Chaureliya, Stalin hu ua Chavchavadze ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sau ntawv ntawm lub lem ntawm lub puas tawm thiab thib nees nkaum centuries.

nco

• Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub npe ntawm tus hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm nqa Batumi State Drama ua yeeb yam.
• G. Duab Ilia muab tso rau gel 20 (Georgia daim nqi).
• Nyob rau hauv 1958, lub post office muab ib stamp mob siab rau Chavchavadze.
• Cov kws sau paj lug lub npe tau muab rau cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Culture thiab Western European lus.
• Memorial tsev cia puav pheej publicist qhib nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kvareli (1937), lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Ilya G. hu ua Saguramo (1951) thiab Tbilisi (1957).