ICE (internal combustion engine): general yam ntxwv, hom

Lub thermal expansion ntawm roj niaj hnub no yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau pab kiag li lawm. Qhov no turbojet xyaw, thiab diesel xyaw, carburetors thiab ... Thaum tshav kub kub unit yuav ua tau ntawm ob hom:

• lwm combustion engine;
• ICE (internal combustion engine).

Peb xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub thib ob hom ntaus ntawv.

General yam ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv cov tsheb uas niaj hnub no, xws li yog ntsia, nyob rau lub internal combustion engine hauv paus ntsiab lus yuav sib cais los ntawm tshav kub thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv cov neeg kho tshuab ua hauj lwm. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no ua nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej.

Cov ntau npaum embodiments ua ke xaav thiab motors.
Lawv yuav siv tau rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab muaj ib tug kuj loj me me thiab qhov hnyav. Tab sis lub drawback rau cov yog lub zog ntawm tus piston, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug reciprocating yam nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov crank mechanism, uas nyob rau hauv ib tes, ua rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm yooj yim dua, tab sis nyob rau lwm yam - yog cov kev txwv kom ceev. Qhov phem tshaj tsis ntev los no hnov thaum loj lub cev muaj zog qhov ntev.

Creation, kev loj hlob thiab, nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub lag luam los ntawm cov internal combustion engine, ntawm chav kawm, raws li nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm thermal expansion, nyob rau rhuab gases ua pab ua hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub combustion siab nyob rau hauv ib tug lub tog raj kheej dheev jumps tuaj, thiab cov piston tsiv. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab cai ntawm kev quab yuam txiav txim, uas yog ua thaum lub thermal expansion Raws li siv nyob rau hauv internal combustion xyaw thiab lwm yam technologies.

Yuav kom pab tau cov neeg kho tshuab zog yog ua tsis tu ncua, lub combustion chamber yuav tsum tau Iwj cua-roj sib tov, kom cov piston drives lub crankshaft, thiab lub xeem - log.

Feem ntau cov tsheb hnub no yog plaub mob stroke, thiab lub zog nyob rau hauv lawv yog yuav luag tag hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv pab tau.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Tus thawj mechanism ntawm no hom yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1860 los ntawm qhov Fabkis engineer thiab ob xyoos tom qab nws lub teb chaws npaj rau siv ib tug plaub-cycle, qhov twg lag luam ntawm lub internal combustion engine muaj xws li ib tug xuas, compression, combustion thiab expansion, thiab tso.

Nyob rau hauv 1878, German physicist chetyrehtaktnik invented ua ntej, lub efficiency ntawm uas hu 22%, uas lom zem ntau surpassed tus yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov predecessors.

Tej lub cev muaj zog pib tau ntau tis rau qhov sib txawv spheres ntawm lub neej. Niaj hnub no nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, ua liaj ua teb machinery, ships, locomotives, dav hlau, fais fab nroj tsuag thiab thiaj li nyob.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Mas piav los ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub tswv yim cov yam ntxwv nta nyob rau hauv efficiency, compactness thiab zoo adaptability. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub cav muaj peev xwm khiav nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau zoo tib yam tshwm sim, ces sai ceev thiab nce mus txog rau tag nrho cov load. Rau xws li cov tsheb nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb harakteristkah raws li ib tug tseem ceeb braking torque.

Combustion engine (engine) yog tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau txawv roj a, los ntawm roj av rau cua sov roj boiler.

Txawm li cas los, cov tshuab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm disadvantages, cov uas yog cov tsawg muaj peev xwm, ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab nrov, ib tug heev crankshaft kev sib hloov thaum lub sij hawm pib-up, lub cev tsis mus txuas rau tus tsav log, lub toxicity, lub piston reciprocates.

tsev nyob

Lub nqi tsev yog ib tug classic tsim muaj ib lub tog raj kheej, lawv lub taub hau, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cais qis ib feem ntawm lub crankcase, thiab ib tug yuav tsum muaj tus ncej nrog hau. Nws tshwm sim monoblock tsim. Tej ntau yam ntawm lawm implies ib tug txawv mus kom ze rau kho.

Hais ntawm lub engine tsev nyob yog lub hauv paus, qhov twg qhov chaw yog mounted sij hawm poob thiab crank mechanism, cua txias tshuab, fais fab mov, lubrication thiab thiaj li nyob.

kev faib

Cov feem ntau lug siv hauv combustion xyaw (internal combustion engine), nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej rau lawv tus kheej. Tab sis motors yuav txwv kom muab zais thiab lwm yam ntau nta.

Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub operating voj voog, lawv yog:

• ob-mob stroke;
• plaub-mob stroke.

Raws li ib txoj kev ntawm txoj kev ua lub sib tov rau hauv internal combustion engine yog:

• nrog rau lwm daim ntawv (gas thiab carburetor);
• engine nrog nrog sib tov tsim (diesel).

Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov cua txias:

• kua;
• huab cua.

Cov thooj voos kheej kheej:

• ib lub tog raj kheej;
• ob-lub tog raj kheej;
• multi-lub tog raj kheej.

Los ntawm qhov chaw:

• kab (ntsug los yog oblique);
• V-puab.

Los ntawm sau rau saum huab cua lub tog raj kheej:

• aspirated;
• Supercharged.

Raws li cov internal combustion engine ceev (lub cav) yog:

• tsawg-ceev;
• siab pes tsawg zaus;
• speedboat.

Raws li cov roj av siv:

• multi-roj;
• roj;
• diesel;
• petrol.

Raws li cov degree ntawm compression :

• siab;
• tsawg.

By lub sij hawm:

• autotractor;
• aviation;
• nyob ruaj ruaj;
• nkoj thiab thiaj li nyob.

hwj chim

Fais fab yog feem ntau xam txoj kev units nyob rau hauv horsepower.
Qhov no lub sij hawm twb coined nyob rau hauv lub lig xyoo pua English inventor uas saib tus nees rub lub pob tawb uas muaj thee los ntawm cov mines. Ntawm xab tus luj ntawm lub load thiab lub qhov siab uas nws yog tsa, D. Watt xam ntau npaum li cas ib tug nees yuav rub thee ib feeb nrog ib tug tej lub qhov tob. Tom qab no tsev lub npe hu ua tag nrho cov paub los ntawm lub sij hawm "horsepower". Tom qab lub International System of Chav (SI), HP tau txais nyob rau hauv 1960 Nws los ua ib tug pab tsev uas yog sib npaug zos rau 736 watts.