Hydrogen cyanide: A mis teeb meem hauv chav kawm ntawv

Hydrogen cyanide los yog hydrocyanic hu ua hydrocyanic acid. Nws yog tsis muaj kob, heev volatile thiab mobile, mas cov, muaj ib tug yus tsis hnov tsw ntawm almonds. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom.

zog

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN mis) tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws accumulates ib co nroj tsuag tau kuj qhia nyob rau hauv luam yeeb haus luam yeeb, coke, sib cais muaj cai thaum lub sij hawm lub thermal decomposition ntawm polyurethane thiab nylon. Qhov no tshuaj yog ib yam insecticide thiab tiv thaiv lub noob thiab noob ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag los nres los ntawm kab. Piv txwv li, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub nuclei ntawm apricots, plums, txiv ntoo qab zib, almonds.

Nws yog yooj yim tov thaum twg piv nrog ethyl cawv, ethanol thiab dej, uas nws tseem reacts thiab aldehyde. Hydrogen cyanide yuav khoom nyob rau ntawm lub -13,3 degrees Celsius, lub fiber ntau cov qauv ntawm dej khov. Nws puv mus rau hauv roj ntawm 25,7 degrees. Gas yog sib zog dua cov pa.

Ntaub ntawv sib txawv yooj yim nqus hydrocyanic acid. Qhov no, piv txwv li, roj hmab, daim ntaub, qhob cib, thiab tej khoom noj. Hydrogen cyanide yog tov nrog cua ntaub ntawv ib tug txais nplaim taws, heev sib tov, lub nplaum tawg quab yuam uas yog ntau tshaj uas ua tau ntawm TNT.

kev siv cov

Hydrocyanic acid yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm acrylonitrile, acrylates, uas tom qab no yog rau cov qhov siv thiab ua cov yas. nws tseem yog tsim nyog los tsim cyanogen chloride, acrylonitrile, amino acids thiab fumigants siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb rau cov kab no. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov looj roj hmab thiab hluavtaws fibers, lactic acid thiab plexiglass. Ntse siv nyob rau hauv nas, tua thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo.

Tsheb thauj mus los thiab cia

Rau cov thauj ntawm hydrogen cyanide yog siv raws li ib ntus cia tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ntim, kev tsheb nqaj hlau tsheb. Rau mus tas li cia siv terrestrial ntsug cylindrical reservoir volume los ntawm tsib caug tsib txhiab cubic meters (lub filling tau ntawm 0.9-0.95). Atmospheric siab, qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej yog tsis txo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub nyiaj ntawm cia - ob tons.

tshuaj lom

Mob taub hau, voos, ib tug zoo nkaus li ntawm bitterness nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, ceeb - tag nrho cov uas yuav ua rau hydrogen cyanide. Tib neeg raug tus kab mob yuav pib tom qab kov yeej ib pib ntawm 0.3 mg / m ³ (cubed) - yog limiting permissible concentration nyob rau hauv cov huab cua rau cov ua hauj lwm qhov chaw. Atmospheric cua koom yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 0.01 mg / m ^3.

Tus txiv neej pib xav tias yam ntxwv almond tsw ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm 2-5 mg / m ^3. Nrog ua concentration ntawm 5-20 mg / m ³ yog qhia cov thawj tsos mob: mob nyob rau hauv lub taub hau thiab kiv taub hau, voos ntawm cov qog ua kua week thiab lub qhov muag, qhov ncauj xav tias ab, kuj zoo nkaus li unwarranted kev txiav txim zoo ntawm kev ntshai. Ntev raug mus rau ib tug concentration ntawm 50-60 mg / m ³ ua xeev siab thiab ntuav, palpitations, mydriasis, qaug dab peg thiab tsis nco qab. Rau neeg tuag taus txaus nqus cov vapors ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm 130 mg / m ³ ib teev, thiab nyob ib tug concentration ntawm 220 mg / ^m3 sij hawm yog txo mus rau tsib feeb. Tuag concentration yog 1500 mg / ^m3.

physiological los

Prussic acid - ib yam khoom uas yuav ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg anoxia. Yog hais tias lom nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj ib qho kev nce ntawm cov pa nyob rau hauv arterial thiab venous ntshav, li no kom txhob muaj arterial-venous txawv, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ntaub so ntswg oxygen noj yog ruaj txo. Hydrogen cyanide thiab nws ntsev raug yaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv cov ntaub thiab hnov mob nrog cov cytochrome oxidase. Tom qab cyanide compound nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov trivalent hlau ntxhov muaj nuj nqi ntawm electron hloov lwm lub tsev rau cov pa molecules. Vim lub fact tias cov kawg oxidation tsev tsis, tus tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa yog ntxhov, kev txom nyem los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia, vim hais tias txawm hais tias cov pa thiab yog muab coj los rau hauv txoj cai kom muaj nuj nqis, nws yog tsis yaim thiab yog xa mus rau hauv lub venous ntshav nyob rau hauv unchanged daim ntawv.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua kom cov glycolysis tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm prussic acid lom: pauv hloov los ntawm aerobic rau co.

tshem tawm ntawm cov xwm txheej

Hydrogen cyanide (teeb meem chav kawm ntawv - 2) yuav ua tau cov tib neeg rau. Thaum lub sij hawm rau hauv lub aftermath ntawm qhov kev huam yuaj, uas yog txuam nrog rau qhov kev tso tawm los yog nchuav ntawm NCH, qhov tsis zoo noj yog 400 meters deb. Nws yog tsim nyog los cais tawm thiab tshem tawm cov neeg, tshem tawm tej chaw ntawm nplaim taws, thiab uas tsis yog-kev haus luam yeeb. Yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub leeward sab.

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub tej cheeb tsam no yog yuav tsum tau siv kev tiv thaiv cov khoom (insulating qhov ncauj qhov ntswg los yog ua tsis taus pa apparatus, raws li zoo raws li cov tawv nqaij tiv thaiv txhais tau tias A-1, FIR thiab FIR 5-4). Sab nraum chetyrehsotmetrovoy tsam yuav tsis siv daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv thiab tswj muaj thiab civil roj qhov ncauj qhov ntswg kom tiv thaiv tau lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev taug.

Gas qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv cov khoom

Ua ke caj npab lim qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog zoo yog hais tias tus concentration ntawm hydrogen cyanide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog tsawg tshaj li 2500 mg / ^m3. Muaj lim qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws permissible concentration ntawm 6000 mg / ^m3. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus vapor feem ntawm hydrocyanic acid nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog 7000-12000 mg / m ³ (7-12 g), txawm hnav ib roj daim npog qhov ncauj, ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb feeb los mus xav tias cov tsos mob ntawm lom vim lub allergic ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Uas yog vim li cas thaum muaj kev kub ntau los yog tom qab heev siv nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho kev tiv thaiv cov khoom.