Gynecological smear: transcript. Cai thiab sib txawv

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj txoj kev mob nyob rau hauv Gynecology yog ib tug gynecological smear rau muaj. Yuav kom lees paub cov kev tshawb fawb ntsiab lub qhov zis, lub paum mucosa thiab ncauj tsev menyuam. Nws ua rau nws tau mus kawm lub pathogenic microflora ntawm lub urogenital system thiab soj ntsuam nws cov mob.

Smear rau tus muaj yuav siv sij hawm ib tug gynecologist rau txhua kev nkag tau ntawm cov poj niam thiab thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam. Yuav Tsum yog vim li cas rau txoj kev tshawb no yog cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm mob plab, tsis kaj siab khaus thiab kub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos los, profuse paug, cim tias seb thaum muaj cov mob. Thaum npaj ib tug cev xeeb tub, tom qab ib tug thaum kawg ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob thiab txoj kev tshawb no yog pom zoo.

Raws li zoo coj gynecological smear? Nyob rau qhov no tom qab.

Cov kev cai kua ntswg rau muaj

Yuav kom txhim kho ntaub ntawv tsom xam tau, koj yuav tsum tau raws li tej yam tej yam kev mob:

• ib tug ob peb hnub ua ntej txoj kev tshawb no tsis kam nrog txiv neej pw;
• tsis txhob siv lub paum suppositories, lubricants thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias, tsis douche thiab tsuas koj da dej, tso tus da;
• mus xyuas ib tug gynecologist xaiv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev ntas, thaum tsis muaj los ntshav.

Nyob rau hnub mus xyuas ib tug gynecologist mos ntxuav xab npum thiab lwm yam detergents yog cais tawm. Nws tsis pom zoo kom tso zis rau 2-3 teev ua ntej yuav noj tus tsom xam.

Smear rau tus muaj noj muaj menyuam tsis taus seev (duav, ncais los yog ciaj tais) ntawm peb qhov chaw: hauv lub tsev me nyuam kwj dej, lub paum phab ntsa thiab lub qhov zis.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev noj smears yog ib tug ntawm cov kev kho mob manipulations gynecologist, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog kiag li tsis mob. nws kuj tso cai cov kev tswj ntawm cov kev kho mob kev kho mob.

Gynecological smear rau muaj: lub cai thiab hloov los ntawm nws

95% ntawm tus txheem ntawm lub paum muaj noj qab nyob zoo poj niam ua lactobacilli, uas nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - zus tau tej cov lactic acid yuav tsum tau kom muaj tus yam acidity, genitourinary kabmob tiv thaiv cov poj niam tiv thaiv cov allergic ntawm kab nrog.

Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus ua kom ib tug smear rau muaj cev xeeb tub, raws li tus xov tooj ntawm lactic acid cov kab mob tsawg thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, uas thiaj li lub cev tej defenses thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, ua rau yus nquag kab mob.

Lub cev muaj ntawm urogenital system, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lactobacilli, muaj me me ntawm lwm micro-kab xws li Gardnerella thiab Candida. Vim txo tiv thaiv kab mob muaj txuj ci, uas yog qhov ua rau qaug zog, kev nyuaj siab, cev xeeb tub los yog ntau yam kab mob, Gardnerella thiab Candida yuav leeb lawv tu tub tu kiv, uas ua rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Gardnerella thiab Candida. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas tuav gynecological smear.

Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib tug smear ntawm ib tug neeg laus poj niam yuav yog tus nram qab no:

1. Number of squamous epithelial hlwb yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau 15 nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm view. Qhov nce nyob rau hauv no muaj pes tsawg tus qhia o. Ib tug txo - ntawm hormonal ntshawv siab.
2. Qhov kuaj pom muaj cov ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv lub smear yog dab tsi, vim hais tias nws yog hais tias lub cev fights tus kab mob. Tab sis yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 10 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos thiab zis, thiab tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 30 nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam thaj av ntawd.
3. Nyob rau hauv ib tug smear nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam yuav tsum tau tam sim no Dederleyna nrog, thiab nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Yog hais tias cov lactobacilli me ntsis, ces feem ntau yuav, lub microflora yog lawm.
4. Tau me me ntawm hnoos qeev nyob rau hauv lub smear.

Yog hais tias tus tsom xam ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm Candida fungi, me me rods, cocci, Trichomonas, gonococci, yog yuav muaj ib tug kab mob. Ces txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsum ntxaum thiab tej zaum yuav kev kho mob.

Deciphering lub smear rau tus muaj

Cov kws kho mob tau qhia ib qhov system of abbreviations thiab siv cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv los piav txog tus tsom xam ntawm indicators.

Piv txwv li, lub smear sampling qhov chaw xws li nram no:

• V - koj qhov chaw mos - yog Latin rau "chaw mos los".
• U - uretra - zis.
• C ntawm ncauj tsev me nyuam - lub tsev me nyuam kwj dej.
• Ntawm L - ntshav dawb - qhov thiaj li hu ua ntshav dawb, lawv nce qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm o.
• Gn - gonococcus.
• "Pl. . EP "- squamous epithelium.
• Trich - trichomonas.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm hnoos qeev nyob rau hauv lub smear - ib tug tseem ceeb qhia ntawm lub pH ntawm lub paum ib puag ncig. Tab sis hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob stroke.

Number ntawm qhov ntau thiab muaj qhia tus "+" kos npe rau.

tag nrho cov 4 pawg:

• "+" - tus xov tooj ntawm cov me me qhia;
• "++" - tus xov tooj ntawm ntsis index;
• "+++" - nce taw qhia;
• "++++" - exaggerated (ntev li ntawm) npaum li cas.
• «Abs» - «tsis muaj» - wrote nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm ib co ntawm cov ntsuas.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub coccal muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug smear?

Tus kab mob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom no yog hu ua cocci. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv smears ib cocci. Los ntawm kev txo tus nqi ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv kokkobatsillyarnoy muaj nyob rau hauv smears qab. Cocci raug muab faib mus rau hauv c + (positive) thiab Gr (tsis zoo) Xav txog qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Nyob rau hauv microbiology rau ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm cov kab mob, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus specifying lawv nrhiav, ntau thiab tsawg thiab lwm yam ntxwv, muaj yog ib txoj kev ntawm "Gram stain". Smears raug mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb coloring ntawm cov kev npaj. Cov kab mob seem tom qab ntxuav lub tsuas smear yog hu ua Gram-zoo (+ c), yog sis tsuas kob los ntawm ntxuav - gram (Gr). Cov feem ntau gram-zoo kab mob muaj xws li, piv txwv li, staphylococci, streptococci, Enterococci thiab lactobacilli. Proteus, gonococci thiab E. coli yog Gram-tsis zoo.

Smear nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub

Yuav ua li cas yog mob stroke kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub cov poj niam?

Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws yog ua nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau lawm progesterone txhawb kev nce ntawm lactobacilli (tej thaum mus txog rau 10 lub sij hawm). Yog li, qhov nws tus kheej tiv thaiv cov me nyuam hauv plab los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Yog li ntawd, thaum npaj ib tug me nyuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias yog tsis muaj mob ntawm lub chaw mos.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub npe ntawm cev xeeb tub nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov poj niam noj cov smear rau tus muaj. Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm microflora nyob rau hauv Gynecology siv lub sij hawm "degree ntawm kev coj dawb huv ntawm qhov chaw mos." Nws yuav tsum tau paub thiab saib xyuas cov poj niam thoob plaws hauv lub cev xeeb tub, rau cov uas 30 thiab 38 lub lim piam yog pheej rov qab ua smear rau muaj.

Degree ntawm lub paum purity

Gynecologists plaub degrees ntawm lub paum huv:

• Qib 1 - noj qab nyob zoo poj niam kiag li. Lub microflora muaj Lactobacillus rau 95%, muaj cov neeg epithelial hlwb thiab leukocytes.
• Thaum 2 feeb purity yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug smear opportunistic kab mob nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas.
• 3 purity yus heev heev opportunistic kab mob tshaj Doderlein sticks.
• 4 purity: rau Smear ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntshav dawb, epithelial thiab lwm yam kab mob muaj. Lactobacillus me ntsis, los yog lawv tsis nyob ua ib ke.

Rau 1 st thiab 2 nd degree ntawm kev coj dawb huv yog yus muaj los ntawm yam mob loj heev acidic ib puag ncig, thaum lub 3-4th pH hloov, yuav alkaline.

Analysis gynecological smear: seev suab tau

Analysis gynecological smear tso cai ntau yog mob ntawm tus kab mob no thiab txhim tsa cov kev kho mob kab.

Piv txwv li, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes thiab epithelial ua ib tug kos npe rau ntawm mob los yog mob mob. Kom paub tias nyob rau hauv lub qhov zis hnoos qeev, uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv zoo mob, tej zaum yuav qhia o ntawm lub urinary system raws.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm loj tus xov tooj ntawm cocci nyob rau hauv ib tug smear kuj qhia muaj cov mob ntawm genitals, tej paum huv. Feem ntau coccal muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov zis tsis muaj, thiab tsuas yog ib ob peb ntawm lawv tus xov tooj pub rau hauv qhov chaw mos.

Thaum nrhiav kom tau ntawm gonococci nyob rau hauv lub smear neeg mob mob "gonorrhea". Lub xub ntiag ntawm Trichomonas gardnerellas thiab qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug poj niam muaj cov kab mob vaginosis thiab trichomoniasis. Nyob rau qhov kev hloov ntawm kev kawm txog kev coj dawb huv thiab dysbiosis kuj qhia txoj kev loj hlob ntawm fungi Candida genus, uas yog feem ntau yog nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas Doderlein sticks.

Xav tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb yuav hais tias gynecological smear microscopy qhia hauv lub xeev ntawm lub cev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb marker nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov genitourinary system thiab mob kab mob.