Geology - qhov kev kawm ntawm zoo li cas? Yuav ua li cas lub geologists? Niaj hnub nimno cov teeb meem ntawm geology

"Geology - ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej" - yog yuav qhia rau ib tug geologist, teb rau ib lo lus nug txog nws txoj hauj lwm, ua ntej koj mus rau qhuav thiab npub cov lus, piav hais tias geology - ib tug science txog cov qauv thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lub keeb kwm ntawm nws yug los, tsim thiab cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib zaug lub countless, thiab tam sim no, alas, "kwv yees li" txoj kev nplua nuj ntawm nws cov bowels. Lwm yam planets ntawm cov hnub ci system yog kuj yog ib tug kwv uas geological kev tshawb fawb.

Hauj lwm ntawm ib tug science feem ntau pib nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm thiab tsim, oblivious mus rau lub fact tias cov dab neeg no tag nrho ntawm tsis meej nqe lus thiab txhais cov ntsiab, li ntawd, nws yog thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub merits.

Cov qib geological kev tshawb fawb

Cov feem ntau tswvyim ntawm kev tshawb fawb ib theem zuj zus, nyob rau hauv uas koj muaj peev xwm "txeem" tag nrho cov geological ua hauj lwm tswj paub mineral deposits (lub ISA), yeej tseem zoo raws li nram no: geological daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas (kuas ntawm outcrops ntawm cov pob zeb thiab geological formations), cov kev tshawb fawb lag luam , txawj ntse, muab xam los ntawm reserves, geological tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Shooting, prospecting thiab kev tshawb kawm, nyob rau hauv lem, ntawm chav kawm, muab faib mus rau hauv ua sawv, nyob ntawm seb lub Scope ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab kev xav txog lawv cov uas tsim nyog.

Mus nqa tawm xws li ib tug complex ua hauj lwm muab kev koom tes ib pab tub rog ntawm cov tub txawg hauv lub widest ntau yam ntawm geological specialties, uas yog cog geologist yuav tsum muaj ntau npaum li cas tshaj nyob rau theem ntawm "ib tug me ntsis ntawm txhua yam," vim hais tias nws yog kev nyuaj siab nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm mus compile tag nrho cov no tej ntaub ntawv thiab thaum kawg tuaj rau ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov deposit ( los yog ua rau nws) raws li geology - ib tug science uas kawm cov bowels ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov mineral kev pab.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm Geological Sciences

Ib yam li lwm science (physics, biology, chemistry, geography, thiab hais txog. D.), Geology nruab nrab yog ib tug txheej ntawm sib xyaw thiab interwoven nrog txhua lwm yam kev qhuab qhia.

Ncaj qha mus rau lub geological kawm muaj xws li kev thiab lub regional geology, mineralogy, tectonics, geomorphology, geochemistry, lithology, paleontology, petrology, petrography, gemology, stratigraphy, keeb kwm geology, crystallography, hydrogeology, marine geology, volcanology thiab sedimentology.

Los ntawm daim ntawv thov, methodological, kev, economic thiab lwm yam kev geological sciences xws li engineering geology, seismology, petrophysics, glaciology, geography, geology, minerals, geophysics, av science, geodesy, oceanography, oceanology, geostatistics, geotechnology, geoinformatics, geotechnology, cov lus nug thiab xyuas av, av tswj, climatology, cartography, meteorology thiab atmospheric sciences series.

"Ntshiab", teb geology tseem lom zem ntau yuav piav txog, nws nyem ua rau cov artist ib tug tej yam kev coj tsis ncaj thiab raug cai lub luag hauj lwm, yog li ntawd, geology, tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov lus, ib yam li lwm sciences, tsis yog tsis muaj Philology, logic thiab ethics.

Txij li thaum lub prospecting thiab kev tshawb kawm kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw - yog zoo tsis muaj neeg saib lub lag luam, ib tug geologist yeej ib txwm raug mus rau lub temptation ntawm subjective, tab sis kom meej thiab beautifully hais rau kev txiav txim los yog cov lus xaus, thiab yog li ntawd, hmoov tsis, tshwm sim. Txawm "yuam kev" yuav ua tau kom mob loj heev txim rau ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb thiab ntau lawm, raws li tau zoo raws li logistical thiab economic cov nqe lus, yog li ntawd, lub geologist tsuas muaj tsis muaj txoj cai mus rau lub deception, distortion thiab kev ua yuam kev raws li ib tug sapper los yog kws phais neeg.

Geoscience caj qaum ua li nyob rau hauv ib tug hierarchical series (geochemistry, mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, lithology, geology thiab ua tau paleontology xws li tectonics, stratigraphy thiab geology keeb kwm), reflecting hierarchy ntawm successively ua complexity ntawm cov khoom los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm atoms thiab molecules mus rau lub ntiaj teb raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Txhua yam ntawm cov sciences lug branched nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia, raws li zoo raws li lub sij geology muaj xws li tectonics, stratigraphy thiab keeb kwm geology.

geochemistry

Nyob rau hauv view ntawm no science yog muaj teeb meem ntawm muab faib rau cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov cua, hydrosphere thiab lithosphere.

Niaj hnub nimno geochemistry yog ib tug complex ntawm scientific disciplines, xws li regional geochemistry, biogeochemistry thiab geochemical txoj kev tshawb kawm txog mineral deposits. Cov kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no rau tag nrho cov kev cai qhuab qhia yog cov kev cai ntawm lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov ntsiab, lawv tej yam kev mob ntawm concentration, sib cais thiab re-deposition, raws li zoo raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution ntawm cov hom kev tshwm sim ntawm txhua lub caij los yog koom haum ua teb ntawm ob peb lub zoo heev zog.

Geochemistry raws li nyob rau hauv lub zog thiab atomic qauv thiab cov crystalline tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub thermodynamic tsis characterizing ib feem ntawm lub kiav txhab los yog plhaub ib tug neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li kev qauv generated los ntawm cov thermodynamic dab.

Direct teeb meem geochemical kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv geology - MPO nrhiav kom tau, ces cov kev tshawb kawm ua hauj lwm rau lub ore minerals tas preceded thiab nrog los ntawm ib tug geochemical daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, kev soj ntsuam uas yog muab sau ua ke yog hom twg ntawm scattering qhov tseem ceeb tivthaiv.

mineralogy

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab thiab hiob seem ntawm lub geological sciences, kawm ua tus loj heev, zoo nkauj, tsis tshua muaj nthuav thiab mysterious ntiaj teb no ntawm cov zaub mov. Mineralogical kev tshawb fawb, cov hom phiaj, cov hom phiaj thiab txoj kev uas nyob ntawm seb cov kev pab raws qib nqa tawm ntawm tag nrho cov ua sawv ntawm lub prospecting thiab kev tshawb kawm thiab muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev nrig txog kev pom kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg rau electron microscopy thiab X-ray diagnostics.

Nyob rau shooting theem, prospecting thiab kev tshawb kawm txog MPO kev tshawb fawb yog nrhiav tau txiav txim seb tus mineralogical nrhiav kev thiab ib yam ua ntej ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm tej deposits.

Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev tshawb kawm theem thiab geological ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm ore reserves thiab tsis-metallic minerals tsim nws ua tiav qhov zoo thiab ntau mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cim ntawm lig thiab teeb meem impurities uas cov ntaub ntawv yog npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv ib tug kho mob technology los xaus hais txog qhov zoo ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib lub kev kawm txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb, lub ntsiab hom phiaj yog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm mineralogy minerals ua ke qauv nyob rau hauv lub natural koom haum ua teb thiab kev txhim kho lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm systematics ntawm mineral hom.

crystallography

Thaum pom tau hais tias ib feem ntawm crystallography mineralogy, thiab ib tug nyob ze txuas ntawm ntuj thiab cuab kev, tab sis hnub no nws yog ib tug neeg sab nraud science nrog nws tus kheej kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb txoj kev. Paub tab yog nyob rau hauv lub Crystallography kev tshawb ntawm cov qauv, lub cev thiab kho qhov muag khoom ntawm lub muaju thaum lub sij hawm lawv tsim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog cov ib puag ncig, raws li zoo raws li cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm raug nyiaj ntau yam xwm.

Science ntawm muaju yog divisible los ntawm physicochemical crystallography uas kawm cov qauv ntawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm muaju, lawv tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv tus duab thiab tus qauv thiab duab crystallography, uas yog yuav muaj kev geometric cai kav lub zoo thiab symmetry ntawm tus siv lead ua.

tectonics

Tectonics yog ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kev kawm txog geology uas kawm cov qauv ntawm cov kaub puab nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv lus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tsim thiab kev loj hlob tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm multiscale ntawv tsa suab, deformations, faults thiab dislocations tshwm sim los ntawm cov sib sib zog nqus dab.

Tektonika muab faib mus rau hauv lub regional, yam ntxwv (morphology), keeb kwm thiab thov ceg.

Regional kev taw qhia ua hauj lwm lug xws li platforms, daim hlau, boards, daim ntau quav tso cheeb tsam depressions seas thiab oceans, txia faults, rift tsam thiab t. D.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, lub regional yam ntxwv thiab tectonic txoj kev npaj, uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm geology ntawm Russia. Cov nyob sab Europe ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj-European platform, muaj li ntawm Precambrian igneous thiab metamorphic pob zeb. Lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm cov Urals thiab cov Yenisey yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Siberian platform. Los ntawm cov Yenisei mus rau lub Lena extends Siberian Platform (Central Siberian toj siab). Lub tais hauv cheeb tsam hais Ural-Mongolian, Pacific thiab cov Alpide siv.

Morphological tectonics piv nrog lub regional kev tshawb fawb qauv ntawm ib tug tsawg dua kev txiav txim.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab tsim ntawm lub theem pib hom ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dej hiav txwv thiab continents nyob rau hauv ib tug historic Geotectonics.

Daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam ntawm tectonics txuam nrog cov cim ntawm regularities ntawm ntau hom ntawm ISA nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov hom ntawm morphological lug thiab nta ntawm lawv cov kev loj hlob.

Lub "mercantile" geological kev txiav txim zoo faults nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab yuav ntshai li rudopodvodyaschie raws thiab ore-tswj yam.

paleontology

Lub ntsiab lus cia "qhov kev kawm ntawm cov ancient creatures, paleontology kev tshawb fawb cov pob txha kab mob thiab lawv cov seem thiab ib co kua nplaum ntawm lub neej, mas rau stratigraphic cai ntawm lub pob zeb uas cov kaub puab. Cov tsis txawj txaus ntawm paleontology muaj xws li ua hauj lwm ntawm es ua kom cov paintings, reflecting txheej txheem kev lom evolution nyob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm reconstruction ntawm daim duab, cov lom yam ntxwv, txoj kev yug me nyuam thiab pub ntawm ancient cov kab mob.

Rau cuab kev pom paleontology yog muab faib ua paleozoology thiab paleobotany.

Kab mob yog nkag rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev-tshuaj tsis muaj cov ib puag ncig, yog li lawv yog txhim khu kev qha kev ntsuas ntawm tus mob nyob rau hauv uas lub pob zeb raug tsim. Los ntawm no raws li cov nyob ze kev twb kev txuas ntawm geology thiab paleontology.

Raws li cov pob txha cov kev tshawb fawb ua ke nrog rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub meej uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm geological formations muaj geochronological scale, nyob rau hauv uas lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav muab faib mus rau hauv geological eras (archaea, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, thiab Mezozoic Cainozoe). AD raug muab faib mus rau hauv sij hawm, thiab cov neeg, nyob rau hauv lem, phua rau hauv lub hnub nyoog.

Peb nyob rau hauv lub Pleistocene (20,000 xyoo dhau los rau tam sim no) lub Quaternary lub sij hawm, uas pib txog 1 lab lub xyoo dhau los.

petrography

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm igneous, metamorphic thiab sedimentary pob zeb, lawv textural thiab yam ntxwv tus yam ntxwv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub genesis thiab petrography (petrology). Kev tshawb fawb yog ua siv ib tug polarizing tshuab kuaj kab mob nyob rau hauv lub rays dua polarized lub teeb. Rau lub hom phiaj no kuaj cov pob zeb txiav nyias (0,03-0,02 hli), ib lub phaj (nyias seem), ces glued mus rau lub khob phaj nrog Canada balsam (kho qhov muag yam ntxwv ntawm cov cob ze rau cov neeg ntawm lub khob).

Minerals ua pob tshab (feem ntau), thiab lawv kho qhov muag zog, lub cim ntawm cov zaub mov thiab cov pob zeb ntawm cov nqe lus. Cuam nyob rau hauv nyias seem dluab zoo li cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug kaleidoscope.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Geological Sciences yuav siv sij hawm petrology ntawm sedimentary pob zeb. Nws zoo theoretical thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb vim lub fact tias cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog niaj hnub thiab ancient (pob txha) dej nag, uas nyob txog 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av.

engineering geology

Engineering geology - ib tug science txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub tsim, deposition thiab muaj zog ntawm sab sauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, uas muaj feem xyuam rau economic, mas engineering thiab kev tsim kho kev ua ntawm tus neeg.

Engineering thiab geological tshawb fawb aimed ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug qhia ntawv thiab cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm geological yam tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg economic kev ua si nyob rau hauv nrog lub ntuj geological dab.

Yog hais tias peb nco ntsoov hais tias, nyob ntawm seb cov qauv ntawm cov tswj lub ntuj sciences raug muab faib mus rau hauv piav txog thiab yog, cov engineering geology, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais txog mus rau yav tas, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau ntau yam ntawm nws "comrades nyob rau hauv lub khw."

Tubrog nkoj geology

Nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees rau tsis quav ntsej txog nws kim heev ceg ntawm geology uas kawm cov geological qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, lub feem ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab seas. Yog hais tias koj ua raws li cov shortest thiab capacious txhais, uas tuab lub geology (txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub ntiaj teb), cov Tubrog nkoj Geology - qhov kev kawm ntawm lub hiav txwv (dej hiav txwv) hauv qab, yuav tsum vov tag nrho cov ceg ntawm cov "geological tsob ntoo" (tectonics, petrography, lithology, keeb kwm thiab quaternary geology, paleogeography , stratigraphy, geomorphology, geochemistry, geophysics, qhia txog lwm yam minerals tawm, etc ..).

Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub seas thiab oceans yog ua los ntawm qhia tshwj xeeb uas txawm peem rau ships, mobile offshore drilling chav nyob thiab Pontoons (nyob rau hauv lub txee). Rau piv txwv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus drilling, siv dredge, dredge thoob-hom thiab qhov ncaj xwb-flow raj. Nrog autonomous li nqa thiab cab discrete thiab nruam photographic, TV, seismic, thiab magnetometric geolocation shooting.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm niaj hnub science tau tseem tsis tau daws, thiab muaj xws li cov unsolved mysteries ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab nws subsoil. Tubrog nkoj Geology siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm science, "nyob hauv kom meej", tab sis kuj yuav lug tau sai dlua enormous mineral kev pab ntawm lub dej hiav txwv.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov niaj hnub theoretical ceg ntawm marine geology yog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Oceanic ua kiav txhab thiab cov cim ntawm lub ntsiab cai ntawm nws geological qauv.

Keeb kwm Geology - qhov kev kawm ntawm cov kev cai kav lub kev loj hlob ntawm cov kaub puab thiab lub ntiaj chaw raws li ib tug tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau lawm txij thaum nws tsim rau tam sim no hnub. Kawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov lithosphere yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim hais tias tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tectonic taw thiab deformations sawv cev rau ib qho tseem ceeb yam pab rau feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los geological eras.

Tam sim no, ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub geology, koj yuav xa mus rau nws cov hauv paus hniav.

Excursion mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb science

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias yuav ua li cas nyob deb rov qab millennia rooted keeb kwm ntawm geology, tab sis Neanderthal txiv neej paub txog dab tsi ua ib tug riam los yog ib tug taus, siv pob zeb uas tawv los yog obsidian (volcanic iav).

Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txheej thaum ub txiv neej mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua nws ntawd kub ntev li pre-scientific theem ntawm tsub zuj zuj thiab tsim los ntawm geological paub, mas ores ntawm hlau, lub tsev pob zeb, ntsev thiab av. Nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb, minerals thiab geological dab nyob rau hauv tus txhais lus los ntawm lub sij hawm tham twb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm.

Los ntawm XIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Es Xias tau tsim roob crafts thiab xeeb cov me nyuam yaus ntawm ore tsuas thiab kev paub.

Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance (XV-XVI centuries.) Pom zoo los ntawm heliocentric saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no (John. Bruno, Galileo, Copernicus), yug geological sawv cev N. Stenon, Leonardo da Vinci thiab G. Bauer, thiab kuj formulated lub tswvyim ntawm cosmogony P . Descartes thiab Leibniz.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm geology raws li ib tug science (XVIII-XIX centuries.) Puas cosmogonic hypothesis ntawm Laplace thiab Kant thiab geological tswv yim M. V. Lomonosova, G. Buffon. Yug stratigraphy (I. Lehmann, G. Fyuksel) thiab paleontology (JB Lamarck, B. Smith), ho tsim crystallography (RJ Haüy, MV Lomonosov), mineralogy (JJ Berzelius, A. Cronstedt, VM Severgin, K. F. Moos thiab al.), geological kuas pib.

thawj geological societies thiab lub teb chaws geological kev pab uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no.

Los ntawm ob feem pua ntawm XIX rau lub sijhawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Charles Darwin, tsim cov kev xav ntawm cov platforms thiab thaj tsam, lub keeb kwm ntawm paleogeography, kev tsim cov khoom siv roj av, cov caj ces thiab theoretical mineralogy, tshwm sim ntawm cov ntsiab lus magma thiab txoj kev xav ntawm cov ntxhuav tso. Lub geology ntawm cov roj pib tawm thiab geophysics nce zog (magnetometry, gravimetry, seismometry, thiab seismology). Nyob rau hauv 1882 lub geological committee ntawm Russia tau nrhiav tau.

Lub caij nyoog zoo ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb pib thaum xyoo 2000, thaum kev tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb tau siv computer technology thiab nrhiav cov cuab yeej tshiab, cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau ua rau kev pib ua cov dej hiav txwv thiab cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov dej hiav txwv thiab lub ntiaj teb.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev vam meej yog qhov kev xav ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm D. S. Korzhinsky, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov metamorphism, qhov kev xav ntawm M. Strakhov ntawm hom lithogenesis, kev taw qhia txog geochemical txoj kev tshawb nrhab ore deposits,

Nyob hauv kev taw qhia ntawm AL Yanshin, NS Shatsky thiab AA Bogdanov, daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tectonic maps ntawm lub teb chaws Europe thiab Asia tau tsim, thiab paleogeographic atlases tau sau tseg.

Lub tswvyim ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab tectonics (J. T. Wilson, H. Hess, V. E. Khain, thiab lwm yam) tau tsim, geodynamics, engineering geology thiab hydrogeology advanced far, ib tug tshiab cov kev taw qhia hauv geology-ecological ib-tau teev, uas tam sim no ua ntej.

Cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua neej zoo li niaj hnub no

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau ntau qhov teeb meem, cov teeb meem ntawm cov txuj ci tseem niaj hnub tseem tsis tau daws, thiab muaj tsawg kawg yog ib nrab thiab ib nrab ntawm cov lus nug. Peb tabtom tham txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev nco, qhov kev nco ntawm lub sijhawm, kev xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev nqhis, keeb kwm ntawm cov hnub qub, qhov dub thiab qhov ntawm lwm yam khoom uas yog cosmic. Kev sib koom ntawm geology, dhau, poob ntau cov teeb meem uas tsis tau to taub. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no feem ntau yog cov qauv thiab kev hloov ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, thiab cov txheej txheem coj hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Niaj hnub no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av loj tuaj vim qhov xav tau los saib xyuas thiab coj mus rau hauv tus txheej txheem qhov kev pheej hmoo loj hlob ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua lag luam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, ua kom muaj teebmeem rau ib puag ncig teeb meem.

Geological Kawm nyob rau hauv Russia

Cov tsim ntawm lub niaj hnub geological tsim nyob rau hauv Russia yog txuam nrog rau cov qhib ntawm lub St. Petersburg Corps ntawm Mining Engineers (yav tom ntej ntawm lub Mining lub koom haum) thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Moscow University, thiab flourishing pib thaum nyob rau hauv 1930, yog founded hauv Leningrad, thiab ces pauv mus rau lub Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Geology (tam sim no Gin AH CCCP).

Niaj hnub no, lub koom haum Geological siv qhov chaw ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam ntawm stratigraphy, lithology, tectonics thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov kev ywj pheej ntawm cov voj voog geological. Cov dej num tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev tsim kho cov teeb meem hauv cov qauv thiab tsim cov dej hiav txwv thiab cov av qaum teb, kev kawm txog cov evolution ntawm cov pob zeb tsim qaum teb thiab cov thooj av hauv cov oceans, geochronology, lub ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov dej thiab cov xwm txheej,

Los ntawm txoj kev, tus thawj ntawm GIN yog Mineralogical Museum, uas yog 1898 hauv Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Geology, thiab tom qab ntawd ces xyoo 1912 hauv Geological thiab Mineralogical Museum. Peter lub Great.

Txij li thaum inception ntawm kev kawm txog geological nyob rau hauv Russia, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus Trinity: science - kev kawm - xyaum. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, tis ntawm kev tshee hnyo, kev kawm geology ua raws hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv 1999, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm collegia ntawm Ministries ntawm kev kawm thiab Natural Resources ntawm Russia txais lub tswvyim ntawm kev kawm geological, uas tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv kev kawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntau pawg uas "loj hlob" geological neeg ua hauj lwm.

Niaj hnub no, kawm tau siab dua kev kawm nyob rau hauv ntau dua 30 lub tebchaws nyob rau Russia.

Thiab cia lawv mus "mus tshawb hauv lub taiga" los sis "mus rau hauv lub tshav kub kub" hauv peb lub sij hawm - nws tsis yog li prestigious li nws ib zaug, tus geologist xaiv nws, vim "zoo siab, leej twg paub lub pressing siab ntawm txoj kev" ...