Flatworms: general yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv

Ntau cov hoob kawm xws li tiaj tus cua nab yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg scientific txaus siab. Thiab nws tsis yog lub fact tias cov kab mob yog nthuav nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tseem heev txaus ntshai. Flukes thiab tapeworms - ob pab pawg ntawm cov cab tsiaj uas feem ntau ua rau muaj mob loj tib neeg tus kab mob thiab tej tsiaj. Cov zoologists raug ua ke rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg nrog dawb-nyob Turbellaria - ib hom Plathelminthes (flatworms). General yam ntxwv ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ntawm lawv yog cov cab cov ntaub ntawv, uas muab ib tug piv txwv zoo meej ntawm alternation ntawm tiam cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug cab txoj kev ua neej. Peb characterization ntawm lub hom flatworms pib nrog cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov kab mob.

Avilable flatworms

Rau flukes raug xub ntiag ntawm hooks thiab suckers, complex deev system thiab txo tus ntxhiab. Ib tug tapeworm feem yog deprived txawm ntawm txoj hnyuv, vim hais tias lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug npaj txhij-rau-noj zaub mov. Yeej tseem zoo, cov tsiaj sawv cev tsuas ib lub hnab uas muaj cov qe. Zoo nkauj yooj yim qauv raws li nyob rau hauv ob sab sib dho symmetry muaj flatworms. General yam ntxwv nws yog: txoj cai thiab sab laug halves ntawm lub cev yog zoo li ib daim iav. Dawb-nyob flatworms muaj ib tug flattened lub cev zoo thiab tsuas yog ib qhov nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv - lub qhov ncauj. Circulatory system, cov kab mob yog deprived. Peb qhia txog cov thawj free-nyob hom, piav txog lub hom flatworms. General yam ntxwv ntawm lawv yog hais hauv qab no.

Dawb-nyob flatworms: kev noj haus, zog thiab kev tso tawm ntawm

Ectoderm thiab endoderm, yam ntxwv ntawm coelenterates, flatworms sib cais los ntawm ib tug thib peb cell txheej - mesoderm los ntawm uas tsim tej nqaij thiab genitals. Cov tsos ntawm cov khoom hauv nrog cev systems - ib tug ntxiv kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lub koom haum coelenterates. Feem ntau cov free-nyob flatworms - tsum kab. Lawv tsiv mus nyob los ntawm txoj kev ciliary nqaij contraction los yog taw uas npog lawv lub cev. Carnivorous flatworms siv thaum uas pub mis caj pas (hloov khoom nruab nrog txuas lub qhov ncauj kom cov hnyuv) yog nias rau nws lawm thiab vim nqaij ntuag daim khoom noj, uas yog ces noj mus rau hauv cov hnyuv. Undigested zaub mov seem rov qab mus rau hauv lub caj pas thiab ntiab tawm.

Flatworms, cov qauv ntawm cov uas peb luv luv rov los xyuas dua, - tus thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug tiag tiag excretory system. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ob excretory ducts uniting "nplaim hlwb" thiab qhib ntawm lub rear kawg ntawm lub cev excretory pores. "Ardent hlwb" tau txais nws lub npe vim hais tias ntawm lub lossi fluctuating nyob rau hauv lawv bundles ntawm cilia, uas tswj cov dej tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Peb muab rau koj tau ntsib nrog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub hom flatworms. General yam ntxwv thiab ib tug yees duab ntawm nws los pab koj los qhia no nthuav kab mob.

Procerodeslittoralis

Dawb-flatworm Procerodeslittoralis nce mus txog ib tug ntev ntawm 2 cm thiab phem nyob rau hauv stony hiav txwv coasts. Nws yog ib hoob ntawm Turbellaria, feem ntau cov neeg uas yog dej txoj kev ua neej. Ribbon-zoo li tus cev ua rau nws yooj yim mus diffuse oxygen thiab kawg khoom ntawm metabolism, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus tsiaj, deprived ntawm lub circulatory system. Xws li yog nws general yam ntxwv. Hom flatworms tseem xav txog yuav mus rau ib tug hauj lwm ntawm lub paj hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg thiab qhov muag pom nruab nrog cev.

Paj ntaub so ntswg, nrig txog kev pom cov kabmob ntawm free cua nab

Lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov hlab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub tiaj cev ntawm lub cab ntaub ntawv rau lub hlwb, uas yog lub paj cords ntawm ob txheej thaum ub ob lub qhov muag. Cuaj kaum, feem ntau flatworms txhob lub teeb thiab pom zaub mov siv chemoreceptors. Nyob rau hauv lub thwmsim, lawv sai sai teb cov pervasive tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Ciliated flatworms muaj cov nram qab qauv. Lawv ob lub qhov muag uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub taub hau thaum xaus ntawm lub cev, nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, los ntawm uas extends ib tug khub ntawm cov hlab hlua. Caj pas, tau tig sab hauv tawm, opens mus rau hauv branching hnyuv. Tag nrho cov hom - hermaphrodites, muaj ob zes qe menyuam thiab noob qes. Qhov chaw mos qhib ua rau hauv lub qhov chaw mos cloaca, uas yog copulatory hloov khoom nruab nrog. Dhau los ntawm lub oviduct, lub qe pub vitellaria kua.

Flatworms-flukes: txoj kev ua neej

Qhov yooj yim daim ntawv ntawm cab - .. Ectoparasitism, piv txwv li lub neej nyob rau hauv lub txheej npog ntawm tus tswv tsev. Ib txhia flukes tuav nws li. Piv txwv li, Gyrodactylus txuas ntawm suction khob thiab hooks rau cov gills ntawm ntses, nyob rau hauv uas nws noj thiab haus. Tab sis rau ib tug txiv neej tseem ceeb nrog cab flukes xws li Schistosoma (pictured hauv qab no), uas ua rau schistosomiasis, thiab daim siab fluke (Fasciola), feem ntau yog muaj feem xyuam rau cov kua tsib ducts thiab tus npuas yaj.

Cab nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub neeg laus cov ntshav flukes ntawm nws kuj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hnyuv, yuav ua tau rau mob thiab nrog ntshav. Lub qe yog tas rau ntawm lub zais zis los sis txoj hnyuv, thiab, ib zaug nyob rau hauv dej, muab ib tug dawb-luam dej kab, uas penetrates mus rau hauv lub cochlear cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv muaj lwm yam kab uas poob rau hauv cov dej thiab kis tib neeg intruding rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Siab fluke cab nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib ducts thiab lub zais zis nyuj thiab cov yaj. Nws yog heev fertile: tsim tawm ntau tshaj 40 000 qe, uas tawm hauv lub party nrog cov quav. Qe yog free-luam dej kab thiab poob mus rau ib nrab party - dej tsis qab ntsev mollusks. Tom qab ib tug series ntawm cov kauj ruam zoo nkaus li caudate me me semblance ntawm cov laus fluke, uas mus los ntawm lub cev phab ntsa ntawm lub npliag deg tawm, nce tus kav ntawm ib tsob nroj, thiab tseem raug nyob muaj mus txog rau thaum nws yuav tsis noj cov yaj.

Xav tau kev pab ntawm sab hauv cab yog haum yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, lawv locomotor thiab digestive systems, raws li zoo raws li cov tub ceev xwm txo cov tsis totaub. Cov kev sib deev uas yog zoo dua tsim, los xyuas kom meej tias yam tsawg kawg ib co ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv lub rooj sib tham nrog tus tswv tsev tshiab. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov me nyuam lub nruab nrog trematodes feem ntau heev loj heev thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kab hlwb yog tsim nyob rau hauv lawv. Txawm hais tias 99% ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tuag, tus so yuav muaj sia nyob, kev nrhiav ib tug tswv tsev tshiab.

party hom

Cov tsiaj, uas parasitize neeg laus fluke, hu ua "kawg" master. Yuav kom pab txhawb txoj kev hloov ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm ib tug tswv tsev mus rau lwm lub thaum kawg, muaj ib tug los yog ntau tshaj intermediate. Schistosoma siv tsuas yog ib nrab party. Tab sis Suav siab fluke (Clonorchis, nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab saum toj no) - ob: shellfish thiab ntses. Lub intermediate party kab mob cab no kis tau tshwj xeeb larval theem, thaum lub sij hawm uas tsub kom nws lub zog los ntawm asexual tu tub tu kiv.

Txoj kev ua neej tapeworms

Nyob rau hauv tapeworms ntxiv simplification ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev yog cai. Lub digestive system yog tsis muaj, vim tus kab mob, raus nyob rau hauv ib nrab-nqis txheem ntawm tus tswv tsev lub hnyuv, tsuas nqus tshuaj nws xav tau kev pab. Los ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub cab txuas lub taub hau, armed nrog hooks thiab suckers. Tus so ntawm lub cev tsuas yog ib tug series ntawm ib tug neeg theem, los yog proglottids, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Upper feem ntawm txoj siv tawv dawb do tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv lumen ntawm tus tswv tsev.

Tshwj excretory tubules thiab paj cords, tapeworm feem yog, nyob rau hauv essence, cov kabmob ntawm tu tub tu kiv. Seminiferous tubules branched txaus rau hauv lub ejaculatory duct, uas, ua ke nrog lub qhov chaw mos yuav qhib qhov chaw mos qhib. Qe ntawm lub zes qe menyuam, muaj cov khoom lub plhaub caj pas kua thiab vitellarium. Lub qe yog muab nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam.

tapeworm theem ntawm kev loj hlob

Fertilized qe tapeworms nruab nrog nkaub thiab surrounded los ntawm ib tug tiv thaiv sheath, noog nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam cab. Paub tab feem thiab tu ua ke nrog tus tswv tsev quav yog tas. Ib yam li cov flukes, tapeworms muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj intermediate fwjchim luj kawg nkaus. Piv txwv li, sab tapeworm (Diphyllobothriumlatum), tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub hnyuv, dev thiab miv thiab ncav cuag ib ntev ntawm ntau tshaj li 9 m, ob intermediate party, nyob rau hauv nqaij npuas tapeworm (Taenia solium) - ib tug.

Lub voj voog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm sab tapeworm

Cov yam ntxwv flatworm hom sab tapeworm (pictured saum toj no) raws li nram no. Nws muaj ob tug intermediate fwjchim luj kawg nkaus - cyclops thiab ib qho ntawm ntau dej tsis qab ntsev ntses nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, America thiab lub Far East. Tus neeg laus cab nyob rau hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv thiab yuav ncav cuag ob peb meters nyob rau hauv ntev. Terminal feem tawg tam sim ntawd thiab tawm tuaj nrog cov quav, nqa mus rau 13 lab qe. txhua txhua hnub. Cov dej los ntawm lub qe embryo hatches, uas noj cyclops. Nws embryo muaj thawj kab. Yog hais tias cyclops noj ntses, txoj kev ua lub thib ob larva, uas yog nkag tau rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm ntses. Yog hais tias qhov no tej thiab tua kab mob siav ntses noj neeg, nws yog tso tawm. Siv me me hooks, lub kab hniav rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hnyuv ntawm tus neeg thiab rau 3 lub lis piam dhau mus ua cov neeg laus daim ntawv. Lub voj voog yog rov qab.

Lub voj voog ntawm kev loj hlob nqaij npuas tapeworm

Thaum kawg, koj yuav raug caw kom feature flatworm lwm hom. Xav txog txoj kev loj hlob lub voj voog ntawm nqaij npuas tapeworm. Qe nws, highlight rau sab nraum nrog quav neeg yuav tsim ntxiv xwb yog hais tias lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv npua hnyuv, qhov twg digestive kua yaj lub plhaub qe thiab nws yuav ua ib qho kev embryo, armed nrog rau hooks. Nws chob lub plab phab ntsa thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, los ntawm kev uas tau txais rau cov nqaij ntshiv. Ntawm no nws encysted tsim ib tug npuas-Finn, thiab tseem raug nyob ntawm ntawd tsis nyob ntev kom txog thaum lub mob nqaij tsis noj neeg. Thiab cov kab mob lub neej voj voog dua.

Yog li, peb tau luv luv xam tau tias yog txaus siab rau peb tus kab mob no, muab lawv cov general yam ntxwv. Hom flatworms muab ntau tib neeg muaj teeb meem, yog li zaum no tsim tau txoj kev tshiab rau tshwj kom txhob muaj.