Ua lag ua luam, Kev lag luam
Fighter "Typhoon": nta thiab yees duab
Txij li thaum lub ob ntiaj teb rog thiab Vietnam, nws tau los ua khees tias cov tub tsis sib xws los yeej nyuaj heev tsis muaj cua them nyiaj yug. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los twb cim los ntawm cov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hauv av nres thiab fighter aircraft, lub lag luam muaj attracted rau no tshiab thiab tshiab scientific uas.
Tam sim ntawd, peb nco ntsoov tias nws nyob deb txwv zeej txwv koob, "Typhoon" - lub dav hlau tua rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, yog tseem heev manoeuvrable thiab kuj zoo kawg nyob kawm ntawv.
cov ntaub ntawv
Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais, qhov no ntxaib-engine plaub-tiam fighter. Yus ib tug delta tis thiab ua tau rau ib tug "os." Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev hloov kho ntawm "Typhoon", uas tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm ob peb xyoo yog mus rau ib tiam 4+ thiab 4 ++. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug pheej aircraft twb launched rov qab nyob rau hauv 1979.
Qhov tshuab tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv plaub versions. Cais versions muaj rau lub UK, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Spain. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog lub fact tias cov lus rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub aircraft yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw: qhov no muab kev koom tes ob peb aircraft raug Consortium.
tsoom fwv daim ntawv cog lus
Wb sau cov uas tsim lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm lub fuselage thiab lub cav:
Alenia Aeronautica. Ua rau sab nraum qab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, flaperons thiab sab laug tis.
Bae Systems. Nws overlaps thawj chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm qhov chaw rau cov rear ib feem ntawm lub aircraft yog koom nyob rau hauv raug rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub fuselage (nrog PGO) gargrota, teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd lub luag hauj lwm rau lub tailplane.
EADS Deutschland. Nws ua rau cov chaw seem, thiab tau ua lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub cev.
EADS Casa. Lub tuam txhab ua slats, thiab txoj cai tis.
Major yam ntxwv nta
Feem ntau, lub fighter "Typhoon" yog tsim kev lom zem ntau raws li nyob rau kev siv ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj aircraft electronics thiab achievements. Cov designers tau ua ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav maximize lub Maneuvering yam ntxwv, txawm thaum tuaj ntaus nyob rau hauv huab ces kaum.
Samolet- "Invisible"
Yuav kom txo tau cov radar visibility ntawm lub tshuab, cov uas lub ntug ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej tus Tsov tus tw yog ua los ntawm ib cov khoom uas absorbs xov tooj cua tsis. Tab sis yog officially ib fighter "Typhoon" tsis yog rau hauv qeb ntawm cov tshuab los ntawm "stealth" technology nyob rau hauv nws cov yog siv lug technologies thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav zoo dissipate lub xov tooj cua tsis. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xws li ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm tau muab tso rau ua ntej creators chiv: yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau lub dav hlau ntau hnov yuav ua tau rau pem hauv ntej rau niaj hnub radar nrhiav kom tau.
Tau ua dab tsi kom ua tau qhov no? Firstly, lub siab tshaj plaws cua kom tsawg leej tau poob deg nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev nyob pem hauv ntej kawg motors masked tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm. Tag nrho cov kev coj tus kheej lub dav hlau ntawm lub tis ua npoo thiab tus Tsov tus tw stabilizers, thiab them nrog rau pem hauv ntej ntug ntawm cov khoom absorbing radar tawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov kev ncua ntawm guided cuaj luaj li ntau li ntau tau los ze zog mus rau lub cev, uas kuj yuav ua rau nws tau mus nkaum lawv los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab radar tawg.
Ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tam sim no lub "Typhoon" - ib tug dav hlau tua rog-bomber, multi-purpose, thiab yog li ntawd kom nws tag nrho invisibility yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv tus (tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd tsim nyog).
yooj yim developers
Zoo tag nrho cov tshiab Cheebtsam thiab alloys uas tau tiav xws li high ntsuas muaj tau tsim los ntawm engineers EADS / DASA kev txhawj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tib yog ib tug ntawm cov founders, thiab ces tus manufacturers ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv Cheebtsam ntawm lub aircraft. Cov chaw no muaj xws li zoo tag nrho cov ua ntug ntawm ob leeg muaj tis, cov txheej thiab puab tej chaw ntawm huab cua kom tsawg, raws li zoo raws li elevators thiab Cheebtsam uas nyob ib sab thereto.
Cov yooj yim ntaub ntawv uas tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv
Muaj ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, thiab cov pa txhuas alloys rau aviation yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Yog li, ntau tshaj 40% ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub airframe yog CFRP. Tus nqi ntawm cov lithium txhuas hlau thiab los txog rau 20% nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb huv txhuas hlau nyiaj rau 18%. High-zog cov ntaub ntawv uas raws li titanium nyob 12% thiab iav fiber nyiaj rau 10%. dav hlau nto kaw ntawm 70% ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber, 12% yog cov ntaub ntawv raws li nyob rau hauv lub khob fiber.
Txawm thaum lub sij hawm thawj zaug kev npaj ntawm cov aircraft qauv mob tau tso cia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm reference hais tias cov tas luj ntawm lub aircraft yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 9999 kilograms. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv ntawm structurally incorporated nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tshiab alloys raws li nyob rau hauv magnesium thiab txhuas. Resource glider yog tsis tsawg tshaj li rau txhiab teev. Yog li, lub fighter "Typhoon" ho outperforms lub US F-35, uas lub duab mas nws txawv ntawm 2-4 txhiab teev.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hais
Lub cev yog ua los ntawm semi-monocoque tswvyim. Muaj heev zoo invoice cockpit armor, uas tiv thaiv tus tsav los ntawm tus neeg me me caj npab hluav taws. Toj - tselnoformovanny, kuj nyob deb nyob rau hauv haum ntawm lub vaj tse. Cov tshuaj no tso cai rau tsav los xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws zoo xyuas. Qhov no yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv hnub no tus cua kev sib ntaus los Maneuvering. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub fighter "Typhoon", uas muaj ib tug yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsheb ntawm NATO.
Raws li peb twb hais tias, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub tswvyim nws twb tau muab siv rau odnokilevym Plumage, uas yog ib tug loj heev cheeb tsam. Heev hnov loj heev huab cua kom tsawg tshav kub exchanger system. Tag nrho tis daim tawv nqaij yog ua los ntawm heev check carbon fiber. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug kos. Peb yuav tau tham txog ntim thiab deflected thom khwm, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm lub tis. Lawv yog ua los ntawm txhuas alloys thiab lithium.
Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov kab rov tav stabilizer yog 2.40 m 2. Rau nws lawm kuj sib polymers (feem ntau). Cias muab, lub fighter "Typhoon" (yees duab koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas) yog ib tug high-tech aircraft, uas nws ntau lawm tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau ib tug muaj zog muaj puag.
chassis
tsaws iav - tricycle. Nruab nrog racks unicycle. Lub peculiarity yog tias thawj ob mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub cev, thaum lub sij hawm pem hauv ntej yog muab tshem tawm rau pem hauv ntej. Lwm yam txawv feature rau machinery ntawm NATO - lub chassis yog txig optimized rau tsaws rau ib tug heev ntxhib, tsis zoo kho runways. Tab sis muaj ib qho teeb meem. Chiv nws twb assumed tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntev ntawm GDP rau cog yuav tsum tau sib npaug zos rau tsib puas meters. Rau qhov ntsuas no, lub fighter "Eurofighter Typhoon" kuj yog ua cutting-edge.
Cav Design, yooj yim specifications powerplant
Lub cav pib tsim rov qab nyob rau hauv 1983. Ua hauj lwm pib deb ntawm tawm ntawm tsis pom qhov twg: hauv paus ntawm lub engine los ntawm cov aircraft "Tornado". Txawm li cas los, muaj indications tias lub hwj chim nroj tsuag twb coj los ntawm cov Yob-Royce XG.40 sim machine. Txawm nws yog, lub rooj ntev zaum kev ntsuam xyuas tau pib xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1988.
Cov tshwm sim yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub EJ200. Qhov no bypass turbofan engine, ib tug feature uas yog ib tug loj heev afterburner. Turbine tuaj no yog ua los nrog dav siv ntawm monocrystalline ntaub ntawv tag nrho discs manufactured los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov forging. propulsion tswj system yog tag nrho cov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev muaj zog muaj ib tug kev diagnostic system. Zoo tag nrho cov taag ib feem ntawm lub cav ua los ntawm puas cov ntaub ntawv. Lub combustion chamber yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm coj raws li tej hub pes tsawg leeg.
Qhov no mloog kom meej ua rau cov fighter "Eurofighter Typhoon" ib qho ntawm feem enduring niaj hnub sib ntaus los aircraft. Yog li, raws li ntawm 2010 nws twb sau ntau tshaj 250 xyaw, ib qho chaw uas tau raug coj mus txog rau 10 txhiab teev.
Cov huab cua kom tsawg yog nyob rau hauv lub fuselage, nws nkhaus immutable. Lub sab phab ntsa yog ncaj, qis - nkhaus. Ib tug ntsug muab faib, qhov no siv yog muab faib ua ob raws, tus qis feem ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav deflected, muab ib tug zoo dua ndlwg ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv hnyav braking.
Cav Specifications
Nco ntsoov tias txawm nyob rau hauv lub aircraft tsim theem, lub teb chaws Yelemees, United Kingdom, Spain thiab ltalis tau kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv uas lub teb chaws qhaib mus ua hauj lwm ua ke los tsim thiab hloov cov propulsion system rau lub Eurofighter Typhoon. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub cav tsis yog txawm nws durability thiab kev pab cuam lub neej, thiab ib tug modular tsim. Qhov no bold tshuaj tau txo lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau nws dismantling, mus txog rau 45 feeb.
Lub cav muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:
Ntsawj "qhuav" yog 6120 kg.
Rhaub index nqi - 9097 kg.
Muab ib txwm sib ntaus roj noj mas nws txawv ntawm 0,745 mus 0,813 kg / kg teev.
Nyob rau hauv lub afterburner hom, qhov no qhia muaj ib tug ntau ntau - los ntawm 1,65 mus 1,72 kg / kg ib teev.
Qhov kub ntawm lub gases tawm txim liab los ntawm lub turbine yuav ncav cuag 1840 ° K.
Qhov nruab nrab huab cua khiav tus nqi yog 76 kg / s.
Lub ntsiab turbine txoj kab uas hla - 740 hli.
Tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub fais fab nroj tsuag - 4 meters.
nws nyhav 989 kg.
Resource cov laus versions - 6 txhiab teev, tab sis niaj hnub xyaw muaj peev xwm twb ya ntawm 10,000 ..
Lub caij nyoog nruab nrab cov tshev mis ntawm lub cav - ib txhiab teev ..
Qhov no yog dab tsi yus "Typhoon" (fighter). Fais fab dav hlau xws li hais tias nws yuav ncav cuag ib tug tshaj plaws ceev ntawm mus txog 2 Mach, uas yog hais txog 2.5 txhiab tus kilometers moos.
roj stocks
Davhlau Control System
Davhlau Management System quadruplex coj. Nco ntsoov tias yog tsis muaj cov neeg kho tshuab backup channel. Nws yog vim txoj electronic systems muab lub siab tshaj plaws yooj rau siab kawg speeds davhlau, raws li zoo raws li lub siab lug cwj pwm ntawm cov aircraft rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob. Forward Nrhiav pirate system thiab mem tes-doppler chaw nres tsheb ECR90 yog ib feem ntawm cov tub ntxhais txheej riam phom.
Inertial navigation system. Muaj ib tug nplhaib laser gyros, tus tsav yuav siv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov muag-qhov taw qhia, raws li zoo raws li cov khoom, uas cia li kwv yees qhov muaj feem thib ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nres. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tib system yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev txheeb teb chaws maneuvers thiab nres yeeb ncuab tsheb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus electronics tej zaum yuav ua kev pom zoo rau cov riam phom systems uas qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv nyob rau hauv ib tug Dogfight.
Kws muaj txuj ci Systems thiab system tawm tsam
Lub kim tshaj plaws hluav taws xob txuj lom yog DASS system. Nws yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm los tsim advanced tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab cov UK. Lub system dab thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv uas cov aircraft tau txais los ntawm lub laser thiab radar khoom. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm decoys thiab jamming qhov chaw. Nws tswj lub aircraft thiab passive tiv thaiv. Tso ntim nrog cov khoom nyob rau tis. Lub laser rangefinder nrog cov kev ua ntawm lub hom phiaj hais yog kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tus tis seem.
Nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no fighter nyob rau hauv tus, twb tsis muaj nrog riam phom bay. Lawv yog hloov los ntawm suspensorial lwm yam, uas zoo heev piv cov nrhiav kom tau ntawm aircraft rau yeeb ncuab radar systems, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ho cuag lub ntau yam ntawm cov riam phom siv.
Tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv no fighter tsim thiab siv polukonformnye roj tso tsheb hlau luam.
Tag nrho cov aircraft tau suspensorial tsug kaum peb cov pob caus ntawd. Lawv yuav muab txog li plaub rockets "Skayflesh" (RAF) los yog "Asp" (Italian Cua Dag Zog Yuam). Lawv muab tso rau hauv ib me ntsis "flush" txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nkoj ntawm lub aircraft. Nws kuj pub tso ob tug me me coj cuaj luaj ASRAAM lossis AIM-9. Lawv dai rau cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub tis.
Tag nrho cov aircraft yuav txawm peem rau nrog kaum cuaj luaj "Air-cua", tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tau nqa los-off luj ntawm lub tsheb yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 18 tons. peb nyias muaj nyias kev ncua kev kawm ntawv chav tsev tsim rau dai ntxiv roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Nco ntsoov tias lub multi-lub luag hauj lwm fighter "Typhoon" yog ntxiv nruab nrog ib tug tsis siv cannon caliber ntawm 27 hli, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov khov "Mauser".
foob pob-load
Faib nyiaj rau ntau lawm
Tag nrho cov npaj yog los tsim 620 machines ntawm no hom. Txij li thaum muas thaum chiv thawj muaj plaub States uas tau tuaj mus koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam, cov aircraft tau muab faib nruab nrab ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv raws li uas twb muaj lawm ntau lawm daim ntawv Tuition Waiver.
Piv txwv li, lub UK factories undertook rau sau 232 "Typhoon", sau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, 180 units, qhia tawm rau ntawm ltalis tau txais 121 aircraft. Spaniards, vim cov neeg pluag lawm tej yam kev mob, yog muab rau sau xwb 87 fighters. Tus thawj dav hlau pib mus txog nyob rau hauv 2003. Lub UK tau kuj tau txais thawj fighter aircraft ntawm cov qauv no nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib co ntawm lawv tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm 17 Squadron. Nws dav hlau ua tib zoo mus soj ntsuam. Ironically, lub EU officially nyob rau hauv cov cua Force aircraft tau txais xwb 1 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2005. Tus thawj batch ntawm 148 units ntawm fighters tau xa, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab.
Twb tau nyob rau 2002, lub Austrian tsoom fwv tau qhia txaus siab rau kis 18 daim cuab yeej siv, muab rau hauv ntau lawm tam sim ntawd 2.55 billion dollars. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2007 vim lub nce ntsoog, ib daim ntawv cog tau kho: nyob rau hauv raws li cov tshiab tej yam kev mob, lub Austrians xav tau ntau tshaj li 15 aircraft, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau "curtailed" configuration. Rau hnub tim, zoo xws li cov ntawv cog lus kos npe nrog lub tebchaws United Arab Emirates thiab muaj ze cov neeg muas zaub. Nws yog qhia hais tias cov EU yuav tsum muab tso rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lawv tam sim ntawd 707 fighters.
Daim ntawv cog lus rau pib zus tau tej cov thib ob batch tau kos npe Hlis ntuj nqeg 14, 2004. Tus thawj tranche ntawm aircraft coj mus rau saum huab cua nyob rau hauv 2008. Txhua multi-lub luag hauj lwm fighter "Typhoon" (yees duab machines yog, nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog nrog los ntawm ib tug tag nrho cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm qhov teeb meem txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub warranty lub sij hawm.
kev sib txawv ntawm versions
Chiv nws twb xav hais tias lub dav hlau ntawm cov qauv no yuav raug siv heev dua lwm yam rau sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab aircraft. Tab sis tom qab thaum pib ntawm lub phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, lawv tau pib los mus thov kev pab rau cov hluav ntawm av lub hom phaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, Yog hais tias ib tug fighter tau ua "Typhoon" tiv thaiv lub Mig? Tsis yog. Yog, nyob rau hauv Afghanistan lub Soviet tshuab yuav tsum tau, tab sis hais tias yog cia li nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj ib tug twb tau ib tsav, leej twg yuav txhawb nqa tau lawv mus rau hauv cov huab cua.
Kho cov cav tov twb nyob rau hauv 2008 rightfully yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug multi-lub luag hauj lwm tua hluav taws. Lawv yuav txawv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv FGR4 (yog tias lub npe yog, T3, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj - ib tug muab ob npaug rau version ntawm lub aircraft). Ua ntej mus rau ib tug tshiab kev hloov kho tag nrho cov muaj "Typhoon" tau upgraded ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm 2012. Lub fighter "Typhoon 5" yog tam sim no raug tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Nta nws yog tseem tsis tau paub.
Cov kev txhim kho tau nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub tsaws iav, ib tug kiag li txheej tshiab ntawm avionics, xws li paub avionics system. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tau ho enhanced "huab cua-av" riam phom system hom uas tau raug dictated los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau tua ntawm ib lub dav hlau nres dav hlau zog. Thaum lub caij, kev sib khom lus muaj raws li nram rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm peb tiam ntawm fighters. Yuav kom lawv nyob rau hauv lub EU muaj lub hom phiaj: nws yog xam hais tias nyob rau hauv lub UK ib leeg yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 170 "Typhoon" los ntawm 2030.
Qhov thib peb version ntawm lub aircraft yuav muaj ib tug tag nrho conformal roj tso tsheb hlau luam, ib zaug ntxiv, yuav tsum tau kiag li hloov los ntawm lub on-board electronics. Ntau ceeb tshaj, tus fighter dav hlau yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib tug ntau haib propulsion system, thiab radar active phased array kav hlau txais xov.
Tab sis qhov tseem nthuav yog cov hloov ntawm lub "Typhoon", tsim los rau cov RAF (fighter "Typhoon MK 1"). Nyob rau hauv no embodiment, lub dav hlau yog kiag li tshiab lub hom phiaj kev taw qhia systems thiab laser ntau finders uas tau raug qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm Israeli tiv thaiv lub tuam txhab Rafael. Paub heev thiab foob pob riam phom. Yog li ntawd, muab lub xub ntiag ntawm coj bombs uas 450 kilograms. Lawv tsim ib tug American li Raytheon. Lawv muaj lub sij hawm ntawm taw ib tug laser beam, raws li zoo raws li GPS-kho system.
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