Editor vi: hais kom ua, kev qhia ntawv, qhov chaw kawm

Ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm computers raws li ib tug ua nyob rau hauv lub puag operating system nrog ib tug graphical interface. Niaj hnub no, twb tsis nco ntsoov tias ib txhia 40 xyoo dhau los, tag nrho cov kev tswj tas siv tshwj xeeb text commands, thiab ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug computer yog zoo li ib tug ib tug kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub sib tham. Thiab txawm zoo kawg li hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm electronics, muaj ntau cov kev tswj heev dua lwm yam hais kom-line kiv cua, thiab cov khoom siv cov ntawv nyeem lus txib. Piv txwv li, lub vi editor, uas yog pom tias yog ib ntawm cov feem ntau yooj yim thiab saj zawg zog cov cuab yeej rau typing niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub tom qab ib tug los ze zog saib rau cov ntaub ntawv uas nruab nrab yog vi. Cov lus qhia mus rau lub editor, qhov yooj yim commands thiab muaj peev xwm - tag nrho cov no tom qab.

Yuav ua li cas yog vi?

Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais, vi yog tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li tus classic ntawv nyeem editor, ntawm uas muaj ntau thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm los ntawm thaum ntxov 70 lub rau lig 90 lub. Qhov no xyov YL tsim nyob rau hauv 1976. Lub tswv yim los tsim ib tug tshiab yooj yim zog ntawv nyeem editor tuaj rau Bill Joy lub taub hau, uas yog ces siv lwm nrov khoom - ed. Raws li Joey thiab nws cov npoj yaig, ed yog nyuab heev rau thiab tus "mere mortals" yuav tsis tau sai dlua nws siab. Vim li no, Dzhordzh Koloris tsim nws tus kheej ntawv nyeem editor, uas twb ironically hu ua "lub editor rau mere mortals", thiab ces mus rau Bill hloov nws thiab coj mus rau lub neej tshiab nimno siab, uas tshwm sim rau hnub no.

Lawv yuav tsum

Yog tsis muaj yam yuavtsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab hais kom thiab cov ntawv nyeem editors li vi tsis muaj nyob. Koj yuav tau pib los ntawm kos thiab nyob rau tej platform, seb nws yog UNIX zoo li tshuab (thiab "tib rab diav rawg" los ntawm lawv) los yog distributions raws li nyob rau hauv Linux. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv koj yuav teev vi nyob rau hauv ib co daim ntawv los yog lwm yam. Vi editor rau lub qhov rais kuj ua ib ke.

Customer xaiv

Ua ntej koj yuav pib ua hauj lwm nrog vi, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub uas tsim nyog pab. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj muaj peev xwm siv thiab tus thawj editor, tab sis nws yuav muaj nyob rau hauv uas, thiab nws zoo nkaus li nyuab heev, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov nram qab no daim ntawv sau npe:

• Vim - ib tug version hloov ntawm lub classic editor. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog tus muaj peev xwm mus teem cai extensions, xws li syntax highlighting, Unicode them nyiaj yug, them nyiaj yug rau macros, txuag ib tug neeg zaug thiab ntau npaum li cas. Muaj kuj yog ib tug version nrog ib tug graphical interface hu ua GVim.
• Elvis - yog ib tus thawj clones ntawm vi, sau nyob rau hauv C programming lus thiab yog muaj nyob rau ntawm tag nrho cov platforms ib zaug. Nws yog ib tug tag nrho cov kev tshuaj ntsuam editor uas txhawb nqa lub qhov rais thiab syntax highlighting.
• Vile - ib qho los mus muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob nrov text editors. Ntawm cov neeg siv cov ntawv nyeem editors Emacs thiab vi muaj yog ib tug private sib ceg. Ville developers twb sim mus ua ke lub yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ob cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab cov neeg siv nrog ib tug ntau yam cuab yeej ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntawv nyeem.
• Nvi - Classic editor raws li nyob rau hauv lub vi, recompiled rau FreeBSD systems.
• Viper - nws tsis yog txawm ib cov neeg, tab sis tsuas yog ib lub plugin rau qhov nrov Emacs ntawv nyeem editor uas tso cai rau koj ua raws ib phau ntawv editor, vi txib.

Pib nrog vi

Tej zaum yuav ua hauj lwm nrog cov editor yuav tsis txawm muaj mus download tau dab tsi. Feem ntau cov Linux-distributions tuaj nrog vi muaj. Ua tau khiav tsuas yuav tau nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog hais kom ua thiab qhia kom meej cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau qhib. Yog hais tias koj xav mus qhib ib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv vim, nws yog tsim nyog los sau - «vim * ntaub ntawv npe * .txt». Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm ib qho ntaub ntawv. Yog xav qhib nws nyob rau hauv lub GUI, koj yuav tsum hloov cov pab neeg rau - «gvim * ntaub ntawv npe * .txt». Chiv, koj yuav tau hais kom ua hom. Editor vi yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob hom: Kho kom raug neeg hom thiab hais kom hom. Tus thawj yog siv mus rau nkag mus ntawv nyeem, thiab ib qho rau navigation thiab kev kawm ntawv kev khiav dej num xws li preservation. Peb pib nrog qhov hais kom ua hom thiab navigation.

navigation

Yog xav tau pib yog mus ntsib cov zoo li cas rau editor vi commands cia kom tshem tau cov cursor nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Feem ntau siv rau qhov no tseem ceeb h, j, k, l, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tshem mus rau sab laug, down, thiab txoj cai, ntsig txog. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub versions ntawm vi, xws li vim thiab nraaj "tib rab diav rawg", txaus siab los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub xub, tab sis yuam nws tus kheej siv lub classic version, koj yuav nws thiaj li tau siv mus rau nws thiab twb paub lawm tias yog li ntawd sai npaum li cas thiab ntau yooj yim. Lub tsuas feature uas yuav ua rau tsis meej pem - lub cev tsis tsiv mus nyob rau lub sab saum toj kab los ntawm h thiab l, txav thiab nce thiab nqis nyees khawm yeej ib txwm siv j thiab k. Yuav kom tsiv mus nyob rau hauv thaum pib los yog qhov xaus ntawm txoj kab hauv lub lag luam yog siv thiab $ 0. Txav ntawm nplooj ntawv siv lub shortcut daws Ctrl + F thiab Ctrl + B.

Txav ntawm lus w tuav siv, e, b. Yuav kom sai sai txav mus rau tus thawj cim ntawm lub tom ntej no lo lus, nias w. Txav mus rau lub xeem cim ntawm lub tom ntej no lo lus, nias E. Mus rau thaj chaw mus rau tus thawj cim ntawm lub yav dhau los lo lus, nias b. Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus thiab, muaj yog ib tug me me snag. Lub fact tias cov complex lo lus editor cais lub dawb paug rau tej qhov chaw thiab hyphens cais lus. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kev qhia - hmo ntuj-tsav yuav tsum yog los ntawm peb lus sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus nkim sij hawm nyob rau leap thoob plaws lub khiav ceev, koj muaj peev xwm siv commands nrog loj cov tsiaj ntawv, uas yog, W ua ke nrog w los yog B b.

Rau ib tug ntau impressive jumps siv koov (), thiab {}. Tus thawj pab rau next ntawm kab lus, thiab lwm tus neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov nqe lus.

Cov yooj yim tshaj plaws txoj kev mus ncig teb chaws - nws yog tsiv nyob rau hauv cov kab thiab keywords. Yuav kom tshem tau cov cursor mus rau ib tug tej yam kab, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau ib tug kab xov tooj thiab G (yuav nws ib tug capital G). Txav mus rau ib tug kev lo lus, koj yuav tsum pib koj nrhiav los ntawm kev siv lub / cim. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav kom nrhiav tau cov lo lus anaphora, sau / anaphora thiab nias sau. Txav ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb lus los siv daws n thiab N.

Editing thiab Txuag

Yuav pib, nrhiav seb yuav tau mus rau lub editor vi. Qhov no yuav ua tau nrog qhov hais kom ua: q, uas tsuas muab kaw qhov kev pab cuam uas tsis muaj kev hloov. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob ze lub qhov kev pab cuam yuav tsis ua hauj lwm yog tias muaj kev hloov tau mus rau daim ntawv. Qhov no zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsis, li ntawd, ua ntej tawm hauv koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov txuag lub nkag mus hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Txuag nyob rau hauv lub vi editor yog tua nrog qhov hais kom ua: w. Teams yuav ua ke. Piv txwv li, typing: wq, koj ib txhij txuag cov ntaub ntawv thiab kaw qhov kev pab cuam. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Yog hais tias koj xav kom txuag cov hloov ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, koj yuav tsum tau siv qhov hais kom ua editor vi - «Txuag ua ntaub ntawv", uas yog siv los ntawm uas nkag mus rau: w * ntaub ntawv npe * .txt.

Tam sim no wb tham txog "yooj yim" editing, uas yog khi rau zoo xws li commands tsis muaj kev hloov tus txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, rau tshem tawm tej cim siv tseem ceeb x, thiab J. tseem ceeb yog siv rau kev twb kev txuas ntawm ob kab rau txhua lwm yam rau cov kev tshem tawm ntawm ib tug tag nrho cov kab siv ob nias lub lag luam d. Hloov cim los ntawm kev siv cov yuam sij r.

Ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no commands, koj yuav theej tawm (los yog rov qab ua ob peb zaug), siv tus yuam sij. (Dot). Yog li, piv txwv li, yuav raug tshem tawm cia li plaub kab nkag mus rau hnub ....

Cov commands yuav muab tag nrho. Peb twb paub tias nrog kev pab los ntawm kev zawm hniav) tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tus kab, thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm kev zawm hniav}, koj yuav dhia mus rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub pawg lus. Yuav ua hauj lwm nrog lawv tseem ceeb d, tau mus rho tawm tag nrho cov kab thiab paragraphs tsis nkim sij hawm.

Paub li vi editor commands rho tawm ntawv, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas los tag nrho deleted (leej twg paub txog dab tsi). Rau lub hom phiaj no, lub ntsiab u, uas tso cai rau koj nqa mus siv rau ib kauj ruam rov qab, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi txiav txim twb tau ua ntej (tshwj tsis yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog lub kaw ntawm qhov kev pab cuam).

kho kom raug hom

Tam sim no uas koj yeej paub txog cov commands los tswj ntawv nyeem editor, nws yog lub sij hawm yuav tawm mus rau nws tam sim ntawd ua hauj lwm - uas nkag mus rau cov ntawv nyeem. Tus heev txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus kawm ntawv, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis sib txawv ntawm hais tias ntawm lwm yam editor, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov hais tias koj yuav tsum lossi hloov ntawm editing thiab pab ua ke. Mus saib tau lub tsoom fwv hloov kuv nias los yog ib tug (tsuas yog hais tias ntawm lub cursor txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yuav nyob ntawm seb). Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tam sim ntawd pib ntiav. Tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv ib tug kab xwb, raws li ntev raws li koj tsis siv lub khawm o, uas yuav tsim tau ib txoj kab tshiab, los yog cc los ntawm pab neeg IEP, uas yuav hloov tam sim no kab nrog cov tshiab cov ntawv nyeem. Rov qab mus rau hais kom ua hom, siv lub Esc qhov tseem ceeb.

Nrig txog kev pom hom, daim ntawv thiab muab tshuaj txhuam

Siv cov ntawv nyeem editors, peb feem ntau siv luam daim ntawv thiab muab tshuaj txhuam zog ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Peb yog siv mus rau lub keyboard shortcuts Ctrl + C thiab Ctrl + V nyob rau hauv niaj hnub khiav hauj lwm systems, ces tus ua hauj lwm yuav zoo li daunting vi. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsum tau tsuas mus rau lub nrig txog kev pom hom, ces siv lub twb kawm teams xaiv thiab luam cov kev kawm ntawv. Daim editor vi (xws li muab tshuaj txhuam) ua hauj lwm xwb nyob rau hauv nrig txog kev pom tshwj xeeb hom (tshuab txais los ntawm nias v). Nyob rau hauv lub nrig txog kev pom hom ntawm cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv yog tseem ceeb. Tseem ceeb cheeb tsam yuav raug hloov los ntawm kev siv cov yuam sij txav thiab ob peb ua ke ntawd. Ces, tom qab xaiv qhov kev tsim nyog thaj av ntawd, cia li nias y luam ntawv nyeem los yog d rau nws txiav tawm (tshem tawm ntawm lub cheeb tsam). Ntxig ntawv nyeem raws li tej yam yooj yim - tsiv mus nyob rau cursor rau cov yam cheeb tsam thiab nias P. Cov ntawv nyeem instantly tau nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob tom qab tus cursor.

complex commands

Nyob rau hauv lub complex pawg yog vim lub neej coj pab neeg. Lawv twb tau sib tham saum toj no, tab sis lawv yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb ib zaug ntxiv, vim hais tias ua tsaug rau lub txoj kev ua ke, koj yuav cuag nyiaj pab ntau tshaj productivity thiab yooj yim.

Koj kuj siv tau cov naj npawb ib co zog commands. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav kom tsis muaj ib lo lus, thiab tam sim ntawd mus rau lub 6, es tsis txhob ntawm rau-lub sij hawm nias w, tsuas sau 6w. Nrog tus xov tooj yuav tau chav ua ob pab ua ke. Piv txwv li, rau rho tawm ob peb lo lus, koj yuav tau siv d5w pab neeg uas tshem tawm cia li 5 lo lus. Raws li, ob peb ua ke ntawm lub staple yuav rho tawm kab, paragraphs thiab thiaj li nyob.

Hloov ntawv nyeem

Ntawm ntxiv nta yog muab lub sij hawm los mus hloov chunks ntawm phau ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li tag nrho cov txuam daim ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog pab tau zoo nkauj xaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tawm los rau software code los yog sau loj profiles nrog duplicate cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog tej yam uas muaj ib qho kev qhia nyob rau hauv tus piav ntawm lub kab hauv cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis peb xav hloov nws rau lwm, xws li muab khoom noj khoom haus rau thought. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov hais kom ua yuav tsum yog raws li nram no -: s / piav / muab khoom noj khoom haus rau thought /. Los hloov tag nrho ua tim khawv rau piav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav ib nyuag cov nyom pab neeg no, ces nws yuav zoo li no -:% s / piav / muab khoom noj khoom haus rau thought / g.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Yog li ntawd tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas los tswj cov editor vi. Koj paub tag nrho cov yooj yim commands, yuav ua li cas hloov thiab kho kom raug cov ntawv nyeem. Peb tau mus ntsib nrog pab commands thiab muaj peev xwm. Tam sim no yog lub sij hawm zoo meej rau sim nws tag nrho mus rau hauv xyaum. Txawm tias nws me ntsis qias neeg zoo li thiab ib tug siab barrier rau koj nkag mus, vi tom qab ib tug luv luv xyaum tej zaum yuav ua tau rau koj lub feem ntau yooj yim cuab tam siv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - tsis txhob ntshai, cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho kawm tau commands, scripts, thiab rov ua nws tag nrho rau hauv kev xyaum nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj cov txuj ci tshiab rau automaticity.