Desalting dej: Txoj kev thiab Apparatus

Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias cov haiv neeg tau tuaj mus rau lub sij hawm thaum lub teeb meem yuav tuaj tshaj cov dej tshiab. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no yog tsuas yog ib txoj kev - mus nrhiav pom txoj kev dej Desalination.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug dej Desalination

Tej kua nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv muaj ib tug tej yam feem pua ntawm cov ntsev, kab mob, minerals. Purification ntawm lub ntuj dej los yog siv outputs therefrom teeb meem tshuaj. Tab sis tej zaum nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsev uas ua rau nws unfit rau noj.

Desalting ntawm cov dej - ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm concentration ntawm yaj ntsev. Tus txheej txheem yuav raug ib tug tag nrho cim thaum lub kua yog deprived ntawm tej ntsev cov ntsiab lus, los yog ib nrab, thaum ib tug predetermined kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ntsev seem nyob rau ntawd.

txoj kev

Tag nrho cov Desalination yog ua nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no:

• Distillation, thermal txoj kev.
• Los ntawm ion pauv.
• electrodialysis txoj kev.
• Rov qab osmosis week.

Lub ib nrab tshem tawm ntawm ntsev yog tiav siv cov nram qab no txoj kev:

• Liming.
• Barite softening.
• H ntawv pauv.
• Cia kom khov.

Txoj kev ntawm dej Desalination nqi yuav tsum tau ob leeg nyiaj txiag thiab lub zog. Xaiv txoj kev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub ntsev cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov thawj kua, cov installation kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm tus txheej txheem (thaum tshav kub kub, hluav taws xob, reagents). Txhua txoj kev nws muaj nws kev zoo thiab disadvantages tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhais tau tias.

ib nrab Desalination

Devoid ntawm tag nrho cov impurities dej yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau muaj dab thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau sab hauv siv ib tug heev tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg. Rau kev siv yog yuav tsum tau demineralization dej mus rau ib tug tej yam twg. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub kua softening tshwm sim los ntawm cationization.

Tus txheej txheem yog ib tug hloov rau ib qho nyuaj ntsev hydrogen cations uas, nyob rau hauv lem, reacts puas bicarbonate ions. Khoom tsim ib tug compound uas yog tso zis raws li ib tug roj. Lub degree ntawm purification yog kwv yees li ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm rho calcium carbonate.

distillation ntawm dej

Dej Desalination los ntawm distillation txoj kev - tus hlob thiab feem ntau txoj kev niaj hnub no. Qhov kom zoo dua yog nws universal txaus thiab disadvantage - tus nqi ntawm tus txheej txheem. Yog xav tau cov dej uas tsis contaminants siv distillation. Lawv ob peb hom evaporators, qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog cov qauv siv raws li lub zog. Cov feem ntau - chav thiab hluav taws xob cav, yus muaj los ntawm nqi thiab loj noj ntawm lub zog.

Lub apparatus yog ib tug boiler (los yog boilers ob peb) ntawm tsis tshua muaj siab nyob qhov twg lub kua yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv vapor thiab cais ntsev mloog zoo. Yog xav tau tus tshaj plaws dej huv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab yog tiav los ntawm qeeb ib kub npau npau kub. Nrog rau qhov no hom, qhov hnyav impurities tsis txhob sau lub condensing distillate. Ib tug ntawm cov kev xaiv kev txo tus nqi yog rau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam, tab sis xws installation yuav loj pib peev.

Distillation khoom nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus noj ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog muaj ib tug impressive tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw. Muab kev coj dawb huv yuav pab tau yuav kim kav, li qub, Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, evaporators, ua los ntawm quartz los yog kub dawb. Lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog unsuitable.

electrochemical txoj kev

Cov kev muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaj uas lub dej los ntawm lub electric teb, yog li muaj ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm ntsev ions - cations yog faib nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov cathode thiab anions - mus rau lub anode. Lub system muaj peb compartments, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm lub cathode thiab anode diaphragms. Lub nrub nrab compartment yog dej, npaj rau Desalination.

Kwj yog dhau los ntawm ib tug tas mus li hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas sorting tshwm sim ntsev ntawm lub cathode thiab anode diaphragm. Cov qauv no yog heev kim khoom nqi thiab nqi hluav taws xob, thiab yog li ntawd tsis kis.

ion pauv

Qhov tseem txhim khu kev qha txoj kev, uas yog tau los ntawm desalting dej - ion pauv txoj kev. Lub rein ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv no yav tas tso cai rau koj kom tau ib tug kua ntshiab nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj Desalination. Cov qauv no yog cov feem ntau nqi zoo thiab muab ib tug zoo dua tu tshwm sim.

Cov qauv no yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov kua ntsev ntawm cations thiab anions, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tu yuav ua tau tiav zaubmov demineralization, kom txog thaum lub teb tshem tawm ntawm ntsev cov tshuaj mas siv. Desalting dej los ntawm ion pauv tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes los ntawm ion exchangers uas yog dej-insoluble polymers muaj ib tug movable ion. Thaum tsim tej yam kev mob npaj polymer nkag mus rau cov kev pauv tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lub ntsev ions ntawm cov tib kos npe rau. Muab tso rau hauv ib tug aqueous puag ncig resins swell, ua nyob rau hauv loj los ntawm 1.5-2 lub sij hawm.

Nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm twb sau resins yaj ntsev thiab compacted. Noo regenerated ion exchangers, ua raws li los ntawm lawv cov kev kho mob. Cov khoom muab tau los ntawm roj nyeem ion-pauv resins yog ib "eluates", lawv muaj xws li ntsev thiab alkaline daws teeb meem. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog tseem ceeb tshuaj thiaj li yuav muab pov tseg li nqi Cheebtsam.

rov qab osmosis

Kev kawm thiab pib saib dej tsis qab ntsev nqhis muab sawv mus tshiab technology ntawm Desalination thiab Desalination. Nrov txoj kev kho mob rau rov qab osmosis, nws kom cov cia siab rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim nyias nyias technology. Coj mus muag paj tshwm sim los ntawm cov kuj tsis tshua muaj zog noj. Feem ntau ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab yog siv rau cov purification ntawm cov hav dej dej, uas muaj pov thawj lawv ua hauj lwm zoo ntau lub sij hawm.

Rau tsev neeg siv lub installation rau desalting dej raws li qhov rov qab osmosis hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsim ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog noj, thiab tsis zoo ntawm lub resulting khoom. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm rov qab osmosis yog dej dhau rau hauv siab los ntawm ib tug membrane uas yog impermeable rau yaj ntsev thiab lwm yam impurities. Txheej txheem Desalination muab hluavtaws semi-permeable week, uas yuav tuav tsis tau ib co ntawm cov yaj gases nyob rau hauv dej (tshuaj, carbon dioxide thiab thiaj li nyob.).

rov qab osmosis txoj kev lim cov dej los ntawm tag nrho cov impurities, muaj yog ib tug ua kom tiav demineralization, uas yog teeb meem rau tus tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov nruab nrab txiv neej muaj rau xaiv ntawm kais dej los yog kho nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub lim. Lesser phem yog dej, devoid ntawm txhua yam khoom xyaw.

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws muaj cov twb cog rau zus tau tej cov dej haus, qhov twg Desalination siv rov qab osmosis txoj kev, thiab raws li ib tug ntxiv aftertreatment cov lus xaus los ntawm nws yaj gases. Yuav kom muab nws ib tug qub, nyob ze rau qhov nyob rau hauv lub qhauj nyob rau hauv lim dej yog ntxiv rau cov uas tsim nyog ntsev concentration XYUAS TIAS MUAJ TSEEB.

Pros thiab cons ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev

Txhua yam ntawm txoj kev ntawm dej Desalination muaj ob zoo thiab tsis zoo yam ntxwv. Xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej, koj muaj peev xwm mus ntsib ib co ntawm lawv muab nyiam mus rau:

• Ion pauv pab tau tshaj cov dej ntshiab, lub system yog txhim khu kev qha thiab tsis teb cov lus mus rau thawj lub degree ntawm mineralization kua, nws yuav tsum tau me ntsis khoom nqi. desalting txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus txaus losses. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus qauv muaj xws li ceev ceev kis ntawm ib puag ncig nrog teeb meem tshuaj, cov nqi ntawm cov reactants lawv tus kheej, system yuav qias neeg sai sai thiab yuav tsum tau nquag lim hloov. Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg thiab lim qhov chaw yog fraught nrog los xij.
• Distillation. Sib rau desalting dej raws li nyob rau hauv lub thermal txoj kev siv tsis tau cov kev siv cov tshuaj tshuaj muaj zoo zoo ua kua generated thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam thaum tshav kub kub yuav siv tau rau lwm yam hom phiaj. Lub qhov txawv feature ntawm cov qauv no yog tau los mus tshem tawm cov yaj gases. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus qauv yog: siab zog cov nqi, qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov dej kev kho mob, tus nqi ntawm installation txij nkawm (tu ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw), nqi ntawm cov khoom.
• Membrane systems yog cov sib txawv mus rau tus thawj ruggedness dej rau tus txheej txheem tsis yuav tsum tau tshuaj, yog ib qho yooj yim kom muaj. Tsis zoo qualities no: kev npaj ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov zauv ib tug loj ntim dej rau koj khiav lag luam cov pab kiag li lawm, loj zog noj, uas muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muag kawg.

Desalting nyob rau hauv tsev

Dej pom - lub feem ntau pheej yig txoj kev uas yuav post-kev kho mob. Desalting ntawm hiav txwv los yog cov zoo kua nyob rau hauv lub tsev, muaj ob hom kev:

• Ib tug ntim ntawm dej rau muab nyob rau hauv lub freezer thiab tawm mus freeze tsis tag. Ntsev nrog ib feem ntawm cov kua freezes, cov dej khov yuav tsum yaj, thiab muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau tam sim ntawd. Rau ntxiv purification tsim nyog los nco txhua yam ntawm dej los ntawm tsev neeg lim. Cov qauv no yog hu ua khaub thuas distillation.
• Evaporation. Siv ob ntim ntawm txawv loj, yog poured mus rau hauv ib tug loj hiav txwv / ntsev dej, ib tug sab laug tas thiab muab tso nyob rau hauv ib lub tais loj. Tag nrho cov qauv yuav muab tso rau cua sov nyob rau hauv phaj los yog sab laug nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tom qab kaw lub hau. Yog tsim nyog mus cuag ib tug qeeb ib kub npau npau saltwater. Khub niam txiv deprived ntawm ntsev, yuav tsum feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub tank yog empty. Lub evaporation nyob rau hauv lub hnub yuav ntws ntau npaum li cas maj mam. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nws yuav ib tug heev me me ntawm cov dej haus.

Desalination thiab dej Desalination artisanal tau, tab sis cov neeg pluag tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav mus yuav tsev neeg kev kho mob nroj tsuag.

domestic installation

Rau kev siv feem ntau yuav tsum tau cov system rau dej purification. Dej pom tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:

• Qhov yooj yim thiab feem ntau pheej yig - jug nrog replaceable ntxaij lim dej.
• Lub nozzle lim nyob rau hauv crane.
• Rooj dej ntxaij lim dej.
• Embedded qhov system, nqa tawm tu kua nyob rau qhov kev tso kawm (tsuas lub chav ua noj, pub point ntawm cov dej nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev, multistage dej lim purification los ntawm artesian Wells, thiab hais txog. D.).

Tsis domestic tshuab tsis tau kiag li tshem tawm ntsev los ntawm cov kua muag tawv dej tab sis muaj peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi hais tias nws yog nyeem los xaiv tus system rau dej cartridges, cov ntxaij lim dej los yog reagents. Desalting txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tag nrho apparatus, ib tug loj cheeb tsam rau installation, loj nyiaj txiag peev thiab cov nyob rau ntawm lub system kev pab cuam uas tsis muaj nyob rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov tau txais kev pab.

Hom Tsev neeg tu

Rau hnub tim, lub nram qab no ntawm feem ntau siv dej kev kho mob:

• Carbon pom. Tus ntaus ntawv yog ib lub taub ntim uas muaj cov ntoo, thee los yog tshuab txais. Dej ntws los ntawm lub taub lim, ntxuav ntawm cov tshuaj oily ntsiab, tshuaj tua kab, kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov zoo li. D. Cov lim yog muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug nqi, check thiab yooj yim rau koj khiav lag luam.
• Fine tu. Qhov no hom ntawm lim yog muab faib ua ob hom - ib-muaj nuj nqi thiab multifunction. Rau tej kev xaiv ntawm kev pab yuav tsum tau - pheej hloov cartridges rau dej, hloov li qub thiab li ntawd.
• Lim. Tshem tawm loj particulate impurities (xuab zeb, xeb, sludge thiab thiaj li nyob.).
• Sib sib zog nqus ntxuav. Los ntawm no lim hom muaj xws li nruab nrog rov qab osmosis, multi-theem cov ntxaij lim dej, thiab hais txog.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog nws tsuas yuav tsum tau ntxiv tu ntawm dej, raws li dej cov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog txaus. Lub tsuas cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tsis muaj dej tshiab - yog Crimea, nyob qhov twg, tej zaum, yuav tsum tau muaj nroj tsuag rau desalinate hiav txwv dej. Tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm rau nqa tawm cov txheej txheem yog patent. Desalination thiab demineralization ntawm dej yuav tsum tau ua rau ncav raws li txoj kev nrog tsim nyog xeem tau nyob rau hauv laboratory tej yam kev mob.