Department kis Moss: nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov hauj lwm, cov tsos mob, kev noj haus, tu tub tu kiv, kev yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Department of kis Moss

Department kis Moss kuj hu ua tseeb mosses thiab bryophytes. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov chav txog 700 genera, Cheebtsam, nyob rau hauv lem, hais txog 120 tsev neeg.

Department kis Moss tsev neeg: general yam ntxwv

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam tsev - nws yog feem ntau me me nroj tsuag yog tsis ntau tshaj li 50 mm nyob rau hauv ntev. Cov xwb yog dej mosses, uas yuav ncav cuag ib tug ntev ntawm 50 cm thiab epiphytes, uas yog heev lawm.

Department hais txog ib tug taxon dua nroj tsuag. Moss tsev neeg muaj txog 25 txhiab hom.

Nyuam qhuav pib no department tsuas yog mosses, absented kuj marchantiophyta antotserotovye thiab mosses. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub caij, cov taxa yog cais departments. Feem ntau, sib tham txog ib co ntawm cov cwj pwm ntawm cov peb saib xyuas, muaj resorted mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm kev collective lub sij hawm bryophytes (Bryophytes).

Nroj tsuag Department, raws li zoo li lwm yam neeg sawv cev ntawm lub bryophytes, muaj tej yam ntxwv uas txuam nrog lub neej voj voog: lub predominance ntawm lub haploid gametophyte ntawm ib tug diploid sporophyte.

zaj dabneeg

Cov yam ntxwv department kis Moss proves tias mosses, raws li zoo li lwm yam spore, nyob rau hauv evolutionary cov nqe lus tuaj los ntawm psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), uas yog ib qho ancient tu noob terrestrial nroj tsuag. Sporophyte ntawm mosses yog suav tias yog lub kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem uas yuav txo tau ntawm ancestral branched sporophytes.

Tab sis muaj lwm hypothesis uas qhia tias mosses nrog lycopsids thiab Rhyniophyta hloov zuj zuj los ntawm ib tug txawm ntau ancient pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub earliest paleontological finds hnub ntawm lub caij Devonian - thaum ntxov Carboniferous.

lom hauj lwm

Moss tsev neeg yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws cov neeg sawv cev tsis muaj paj, keeb kwm, vascular system. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm noob tu tub tu kiv, ripening nyob rau hauv sporangia sporophyte.

Predominant nyob rau hauv haploid gametophyte lub neej voj voog yog ib tug perennial ntsuab tsob nroj, feem ntau muaj ib nplooj sab protuberances, thiab protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Piv nrog rau lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm ntau dua cov nroj tsuag, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Moss tsev neeg muaj ib tug yooj yim qauv. Ntawm cov ntau hom uas muaj ib tug kav thiab nplooj, muaj yog ib haiv neeg tsawg uas muaj fronds thiab thallus.

Tab sis cov nplooj thiab stems ntawm mosses yog tsis tiag tiag, nyob rau lawv cov scientific lus hu ua kaulidii thiab Phyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, nyob rau lub kav nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv. Lawv muaj ib tug tag nrho lub phaj. Cov hlab ntsha yog tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob

Sporophyte tsis muaj peev xwm coj tau cov hauv paus hniav, thiab nws yog txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub gametophyte. Sporophyte yog sawv cev los ntawm peb cov Cheebtsam: capsule (sporangium), nrog rau kev tsim noob nyob rau hauv nws; ceg (sporophores) rau qhov box; tsis txhob muab physiological sis raug zoo nrog gametophyte.

Nyob rau hauv mosses muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas txawv lawv los ntawm tag nrho cov ntau dua cov nroj tsuag. Qhov no tsis muaj cov hauv paus hniav, uas yog compensated los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm rhizoids. Nrog lawv pab, cov nroj tsuag thiab yog txuas mus rau lub substrate thiab kuj muaj ib tug ib nrab haum ntawm dej. Yeej, tus dej haum txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Muaj assimilation, conductive, khw thiab lub npog ntaub. Tab sis mossy tsis muaj tiag tiag vascular thiab txhua yam ntaub so ntswg, whereas tag nrho cov ntau dua cov nroj tsuag muaj.

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm muab faib rau

Vim hais tias ntawm nws cov unpretentiousness mosses kis rau tag nrho cov continents, txawm Antarctica, thiab feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov huab tej yam kev mob.

Feem ntau, mosses loj hlob tuab koog puav. Tsaus qhov chaw, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ze sib thooj mus rau lub reservoir, yog ib qho zoo tagnrho ib puag ncig rau ntxhuab. Tab sis yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhib thiab qhuav qhov chaw.

Moss tsev neeg muaj xws hom uas nyob rau hauv dej tsis qab ntsev dej. Tab sis marine lub neej yog tsis nrog lawv, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau hom lodged nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntug hiav sawb.

Department kis Moss: tus nqi

Nyob rau hauv lub qus:

• yog ob tog los mus tsim tshwj xeeb biocenosis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob qhov twg cov av yog them yuav luag tag (tundra);
• ntxhuab cover accumulates thiab tuas cov neeg cov ntaub ntawv;
• muaj peev xwm mus nqus thiab khaws loj nyiaj ntawm cov dej ua muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm cov dej tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm ua hauj lwm.

Cov kev ua ub ntawm cov neeg:

• pab txhawb kom muaj eutrophication ntawm av, li ntawd, lub sab lub efficiency ntawm ua liaj ua teb av;
• tus neeg txhais lus txheej txheem yog ua niaj hnub runoff dej mus rau hauv lub underground, uas tiv thaiv cov av tiv thaiv xeb;
• ib co hom sphagnum ntxhuab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li cov ntaub qhwv;
• Sphagnum mosses yog qhov uas peat tsim.

kev faib

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub department kis Moss, txawm nws generality, tsis tau tso cai rau peb mus cais cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam tsev rau ib tug ob peb cais pab pawg.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag teej tug mus rau lub department - ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tiag tiag (cov nplooj mosses). Nws muaj xws li cov subclasses ntawm ntsuab sphagnum Moss thiab Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Yeej rau mosses yog cov av, tsob ntoo trunks, pob zeb thiab ru tsev, tiam sis loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntub dej hav zoov, uas tsim ib tug tas mus ntaub pua tsev.

Cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv lub Moss tsev neeg, yog haum heev heev. Qhov tseem raug sawv cev muaj peev xwm hu rau Kukushkin flax. Stems yog txhim tsa nws tsis branched, densely them nrog lawv nqaim linear-lanceolate nplooj. Tsim thiab archegonium antheridium ua saum ntawm lub stems neeg feem ntau loj hlob nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv antheridia yog tsim dvuhzhgutikovyh spermatozoa nyob rau hauv archegonia - ib taag qe.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tus loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej (nag los yog ib tug hnyav lwg) pib fertilization. Dej yuav tsum tau raws li cov phev ua luam dej los ntawm nws archegonium. Thaum lub zygote tau tsim, los ntawm nws pib los tsim sporophyte. Nws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog tsis zaum, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov nroj tsuag teej tug mus rau lub Moss tsev neeg. Fais fab sporophyte ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov poj niam gametophyte.

Tshuaj Ntsiav sporogony comprises sporangium. Muaj yog lub tsim ntawm haploid noob. Thaum paub tab, cov noob tau txaus pw tsaug zog. Lawv kis poob. Yog hais tias tej yam kev mob yog paaj, lub noob yuav ciaj sia thiab muab sawv protonema muaj ib tug branched daim ntawv ntsuab filaments.

sphagnum mosses

Sphagnum mosses (350 hom) yog lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag hais tias ua li cov chav kawm ntawv tiag tiag ntxhuab, Moss tsev neeg. General yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov mosses yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta. Sphagnum - qhov no yog qhov tsuas haiv neeg ntawm no subclass.

Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj rhizoids, vim hais tias ntawm uas tus khiav dej nrog yaj minerals tshwm sim ncaj qha mus rau lub hlwb ntawm cov nplooj thiab stems. Rau tus kav ntawm lub gametophyte yog whorls ntawm ceg, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, cov txheej txheem nplooj. Roos lawv ib qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm lub ntsiab axis.

Nyob rau hauv lub nplooj ntawm sphagnum Moss tsis muaj midrib. Nyob rau hauv ob hom ntawm hlwb: nyob - assimilating (ntev thiab nqaim, nrog chloroplasts) thiab cov neeg tuag (tsis muaj protoplasm, tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa muaj pores). Qhov thib ob hom ntawm cell tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kav. Tej anatomical qauv ntawm cov kav thiab cov nplooj sphagnum tso cai rau nws mus nqus thiab tuav ib tug nqi ntawm cov dej uas nws hnyav yuav ntau tshaj qhov nyhav ntawm cov nroj tsuag 30 lub sij hawm. Nws yog vim li no, cov av nyob rau hauv uas loj hlob sphagnum mosses yog maj muaj ntau heev dej thiab cov hav iav.

Yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg yog cov Moss tsev neeg. Tu tub tu kiv yog raug sphagnum ntxhuab, nrog qhov txawv tsuas los ntawm lwm yam mej zeej ntawm lub department, thiab hais tias antheridia archegonium peev xwm yuav tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub nyob ib sab tshwj xeeb, tab sis nyob rau tib lub nroj tsuag.

Feature sphagnum ntxhuab yog nyob rau hauv qhov build-up ntawm cov kav ntsis thiab cov cem deb ntawm lub qab. Tab sis tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg tuag rot kiag li, vim hais tias waterlogged av muaj me ntsis oxygen, uas yog tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov av kab mob ua tau zoo rau decomposition ntawm tsob nroj residues.

Tom qab ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntxiv loj nyiaj ntawm cov organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peat. peat tsim - tus txheej txheem yog qeeb heev: txog 1 cm nyob rau hauv 10 lub xyoos mus rau 1 m - rau ib txhiab xyoo.

Andreeva mosses

Ntsuab thiab sphagnum mosses - lub feem ntau heev heev cov pab pawg neeg ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas ua tau lub Moss tsev neeg. General yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lwm pab lwm pawg, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws me me tus xov tooj, cia faib nws nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib taxonomic unit. Subclass Andreeva mosses sawv cev los ntawm ib tsev neeg thiab ib tug zoo Andrea. Nyob rau hauv faib - ib tug loj tsawv thiab txias cov cheeb tsam ntawm ob hemispheres. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv mountainous qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb thiab pob zeb.

Gametophyte pib tsim txawm nyob rau hauv tsis sib haum. Ua ntej, hlwb pib faib, thiab ces ua txhaum lub plhaub tsis sib haum. Nyob rau hauv ib txheej nplooj homogeneous hlwb. Cov nplooj loj hlob ntev sab saum toj, txoj kev ua ib tug hygroscopic plaub mos mos. Lub stems yog tsis muaj vascular bundles.

Sporogonia hais ib lub thawv thiab haustoria. Box twb tsis muaj lub hau. Thaum ntes ntawm noob rau hauv sab nraum los ntawm cov kis 4 nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub flaps.

Yog li, ib tug loj pawg ntawm ntau dua spore nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv xov tooj zaum ob tsuas yog mus flowering - ib tug thoob plaws kis tau Moss tsev neeg. Nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag pub rau peb kom peb hu lawv amphibians, raws li lawv yuav nyob rau lub teb chaws (tshwj tsis yog dej mosses), thiab muaj peev xwm muab xwb nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov dej.