Dab tsi ua tus cylinders pom nyob rau hauv cov zis hais?

Cov thooj av nyob rau hauv cov zis yog cov kev xav me me ntawm cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov kaus ncauj. Muaj ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv rau qee qhov teeb meem nrog kev noj qab haus huv. Cilindrarium yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm rau lub raum. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog txuam nrog qee yam kev mob ntsws.

Lawv tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam ntawm kev zais (cim OAM). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no raug pom zoo kom dhau tag nrho cov neeg uas tau thov rau ib lub tsev kho mob. OAM thiab kev ntsuas ntshav (txhais ua JAB) pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Tsis tas li OAM thiab UAC - qhov no yog tus qauv txheej txheem rau kev sojntsuam qhia.

Cov thooj av nyob rau hauv cov zis ntawm tus menyuam

Zis feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me ntsis. Cov pH yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj xya, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog tsib thiab ib nrab. Cov thooj av tau tsim hauv cov zis, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntxiv rau, OAM tuaj yeem pom tias muaj protein ntau ntxiv.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev no qhia tias muaj teeb meem nrog lub raum. Feem ntau, cov cylinders tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov zis, tsuas yog tsis pub ntau tshaj ob ntawm thaj chaw pom.

Hom thiab ua rau

Cylinders nyob rau hauv cov zis tuaj yeem tsim muaj ntau txoj hauv kev:

• Protein;
• Hlwb ntawm cov epithelium;
• Erythrocytes.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub cev muaj zog los yog cov khoom noj khoom haus yog vim li cas thiaj paub tib lub voos kheej kheej nyob rau hauv cov zis.

Nws muaj peb pawg ntawm thooj voos kheej kheej:

• Hyaline;
• Granular;
• Yam khoom.

Nyob rau tib lub ntsiab yog muab faib ua ob peb hom:

• Erythrocyte;
• Leukocyte;
• Epithelial.

Hyaline

Hyaline thooj voos kheej kheej nyob rau hauv cov zis yog daim ntawv tshaj plaws. Outwardly lawv yog pob tshab thiab homogeneous. Qhov xaus ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej sib npaug. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias tib leeg (ob mus txog ob) hyaline thooj voos, uas pom tias yog kev kuaj ntawm cov zis - qhov no yog qhov zoo rau cov kab mob zoo. Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev noj haus thiab cov khoom noj protein. Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau ntawm cov zis, cov laj thawj yuav yog:

• Nephritis;
• Tuberculosis ntawm ob lub raum;
• Lub cev qhuav dej;
• Pathology ntawm cov kab mob plawv;
• Mob siab thiab mob siab rau.

Grainy

Grainsy thooj voos kheej kheej nyob rau hauv cov zis yuav ua tau ntawm ob hom:

• Coarse-grained;
• Cov nplua zoo.

Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob hauv lub raum. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub cellular ntsiab disintegrate. Yog hais tias hom cylinder no muaj nyob rau hauv cov zis, ces qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj teeb meem loj nrog rau lub raum:

• Glomerulonephritis;
• Sclerotic kev hloov;
• Nephrolithiasis;
• Kev loj hlob ntawm malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv ob lub raum thiab yog li on.

Yam khoom zoo li

Cov nkaw nyhuv hauv cov zis yog txawv ntawm lwm hom, vim lawv muaj cov qauv khaus, zoo li siv quav ciab. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum lub sij hawm tshawb fawb, hom kab thev naus laus zis no qhia tias qee cov tubules muaj qhov atrophied thiab tsis muaj cov zis khiav hauv lawv.

Cov kab tho-zoo li tus ciaj ntsuas tau pom tau tias thaum lub sij hawm tso zis hauv cov nram qab no:

• termialnoe (agonal) lub xeev ;
• Mob hnyav hnyav ntawm glomerulonifrit;
• Amyloidosis ntawm ob lub raum;
• Nephrotic Syndrome;
• Tshuaj lom tsis zoo thiab ua rau.

Erythrocyte

Tam sim no luv luv txog erythrocyte thooj voos kheej kheej nyob rau hauv cov zis. Lawv raug tsim raws li txuas mus ntxiv: cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav liab sib tshooj lossis sib koom ua ke rau cov txheej txheem hyaline. Lub caij erythrocyte tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Qhov no yuav pab kom paub txog hematuria (uas yog, muaj cov thooj av nyob rau hauv cov zis). Muaj ntau zaus thaum lawv muaj homogeneous. Hauv qhov no, vim li cas thiaj yog:

• Kab mob glomerulonephritis;
• Infarct ntawm lub raum;
• Thrombosis ntawm leeg thiab hais txog.

Muaj cov qe ntshav liab yog ib qho kev mob ntsws. Externally, hom no muaj cov nram qab no nta:

• Xim xim av xim;
• Cov npoo npoo yuav npog;
• Cov thooj voos kheej kheej muaj zog txaus.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov thooj voos kheej kheej, tsuas yog cov khoom siv tshiab xwb. Lawv tham txog cov kab mob ntawm ob lub raum thiab zis txha.

Leukocyte

Cov kab mob hauv cov zis muaj peev xwm qhia rau tus kws kho mob kom paub seb tus txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev. Tus kws pabcuam, uas ua tus sojntsuam, nws yuav tsum qhia tias yam kabmob twg nyob rau hauv cov zis. Tam sim no ib tug luv luv ntxiv txog ib daim ntawv - leukocyte lub tog raj kheej.

Qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm daim ntawv no qhia tias muaj mob loj, ntawm qhov uas ib tus kab mob pyelonephritis, sepsis, lupus-neephritis thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm adhesion ntawm leukocytes mus rau hyaline matrix. Leukocyte thooj voos khib nyuab nyuab nyuab, thiab thaum kuaj tshuaj tso zis yuav tsis meej pem nrog lub ntsej muag epithelial, uas peb yuav tham txog tam sim no.

Epithelial

Lub thawv epithelial yog cov qauv protein uas yog tsim los ntawm kev cog cov qoob loo ntawm epithelial hlwb. Vim li ntawd, lawv puas tau tshwm sim? Yog vim li cas lawv cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov hniav lwj thiab cov kev hloov ntawm dystrophic hauv cov tubules. Kev kuaj kom pom ntawm cov tsiaj no hais txog qhov degenerative qhov chaw mob ntawm ob lub raum.

Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm rau hauv cov zis ntawm ib tus neeg mob uas mob raum, uas nyuam qhuav tau ua haujlwm hloov ntshav. Lawv kuaj pom tias kev hloov ntshav tsis txais los ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog vim li cas rau lawv cov tsos mob hauv cov zis. Lawv tshwm sim thaum:

• Mob hlwb ntsws mob ntsws;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Terminal hais thiab lwm yam.

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov pom ntawm qhov cylinder no rau cov neeg mob glomerulonephritis yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev (kev puas tsuaj rau cov tubular apparatus thiab txuas ntawm ib yam nephrotic syndrome).

Pigmented

Hom no muaj ntshav pigments uas muaj xim xim av. Pigmented thooj voos kheej kheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau zaus:

• Nrog rau kev qaug ntshav ntawm incompatible cov ntshav;
• Thaum raug rau cov tshuaj lom thiab lwm yam.

Ib zaug dua peb nco ntsoov rau koj tias tag nrho cov thooj voos povhwm pom tau tsuas yog tso zis nrog acidic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim alkaline cuam tshuam lawv destructively. Nyob rau hauv cov zis nrog ib qho kev ua xyaw alkaline, lawv tuaj yeem feem ntau tsis kuaj los yog tam sim no, tab sis me me.

Thaum tshuaj xyuas cov phom sij, tsis txhob hnov qab tias tej zaum yuav muaj pseudocylinders tsim los ntawm mucus lossis urinary acid ntsev.