Cov tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom rau kev tsim cov khoom qab zib: cov ntsiab lus

Confectionery khoom, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv raw lawv yog los ntawm, yog sugary thiab floury. Scheme txheej txheem nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub sib txawv. Cov khoom ntim xws li marmalade, caramel, chocolate, pastille, iris, dragees yog xam lav, thiab tag nrho cov khoom noj uas muaj hmoov nplej: wafers, ncuav qab zib, gingerbreads, thiab lwm yam zoo li cov hmoov nplej.

Cov theem ntawm cov khoom siv

Ntau yam khoom ntawm confectionery khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb cov kev tsim. Tab sis tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav raug txo kom tsawg dua peb theem:

• Npaj;
• Yooj Yim;
• Kawg.

Thaum npaj theem, qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem nrog cov khoom raw thiab cov khoom tsim nyog. Nyob rau qib no, cov khoom siv raw thiab npaj rau cia, tom qab ntawd npaj rau ntau lawm. Ntawm lub ntsiab theem ntawm kev tsim, txhua txoj hauj lwm tiav, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov khoom qab zib tau txais, cov khoom muaj molded, thiab lawv qhov chaw ua tiav. Lub ntsiab theem ua tiav tsis tiav cov khoom tiav. Thaum kawg theem, cov khoom tau txais yog ua tiav hauv ib pob.

Yuav ua li cas lub Confectionery Works

Lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub khw txiav txim siab ua tau ua raws li tib lub tswvyim, thaum nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tej zaum yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj loj loj. Ntau cov khoom ua noj ua haus yog tsim ntawm no. Txhua rhiav muaj cov koog, txhua qhov uas ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm: lub khob noom cookie tov yog tov rau hauv lub khob noom cookie tov, uas nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm lub khob noom cookie, ces ci thiab xov. Txhua lub khw txiav txim siab ua tau zoo xws li cov chav hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas ua txhua yam haujlwm.

Tsim kev ci

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab yog tsim raws li cov kev thov tau txais los ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab. Ua raws li lawv, yuav tsum tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv raw li cas, uas muab cia rau hauv cov khoom txias tshwj xeeb. Thaum thawj theem, txoj haujlwm hauv khw pib nrog kev npaj cov khoom, ua qe thiab sifting hmoov. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntxuav da thiab zus tau saum rooj. Lub sifter tshem tawm cov neeg kho hom impurities los ntawm hmoov, ua rau nws xoob, yog li ntawd lub confectionery khoom yog ntawm high quality.

Tuab ntawm mov paj yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub kneader, uas sai thiab qualitatively sib tov poov, tshiab los yog luv pastry. Siv ib tug planetary tov khoom rau cov protein-tsim huab cua, kua poov xab los mos Shortbread ua khob noom cookie, whipped cream, souffles, jellies. Yog tias yuav tsum muaj lub hnab tawv qhwv, yuav tsum siv ib lub thawv ntawv.

Txiav, shaping thiab ci

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum txiav thiab tsim kev txiav txim siab. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev, uas muaj cov chaw rau kev txiav cov kev xeem sib txawv. Cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj mov luv luv yog txiav thiab molded nyob rau hauv lub rooj tub yees, vim hais tias cov hom khob cij yuav tsum txias thaum lub sij hawm ua noj ua haus. Moulded cov khoom ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb, biscuit, puff pastry, tam sim ntawd xa mus rau pastry nplooj ntawv thiab ci.

Cov khoom siv tiav tas yog raug rau kev kho cua sov rau kev npaj, thiab theem no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tswv yim kev lag luam. Txhua yam khoom qab zib yog tsim los ntawm ib qho kub thiab ntev ntawm kev kho cua sov, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li. Kev ua noj yog nqa tawm hauv qhov tshwj xeeb cov khob ci ntsa iab ntawm 2-4 chav. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov ci, cov khoom ua tiav tiav yog xa mus rau qhov txias txias qhov chaw uas lawv txias.

Ua khoom qab zib thiab pastries

Scheme txheej txheem ntawv sau npe thiab confectionery. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyias muaj nyias qhov chaw, qhov twg cov khoom qab zib raug muab txiav, qhwv, lubricated thiab decorated. Flowsheet yuav tsum tau cov khoom tshwj xeeb cov khoom feem thiab refrigerating ntxhuav mixers uas hau cov khoom qab zib thiab syrups yog npaj cream. Cov khoom tau txais yog xa rau cia: cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj nplaum thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab cia hauv cov khoom txias, qhov chaw kub yog 6-8 degrees.

Ntau lawm ntawm chocolate

Khoom qab zib qhob noom xim kasfes yog tsim los ntawm cov cocoa thiab cocoa butter. Raws li additives, hmoov qab zib, mis los yog qab zib, emulsifiers, ceev thiab ntau yam flavours yog siv. Cov theem ntawm chocolate qhuav yog raws li nram no:

• Cov cocoa cocoa ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv cocoa;
• Npaj chocolate pawg thiab ntim;
• Qhob noom xim kasfes yog molded;
• Chocolate yog ntim.

Hauv zus ntawm chocolate, taum cocoa taum yog ntxuav thiab txheeb los ntawm qhov loj ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv. Xaiv khoom xa mus rau kev kho cua sov - qhov no yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm ntawm noo noo thiab txhim kho qhov saj ntawm taum. Lim thiab chilled taum yog crushed ntawm ib lub tshuab tshwj xeeb, thaum lub plhaub thiab cov embryo yog sib cais. Cov uas ua cocoa fractions tau siv rau zus tau tej cov sib txawv hom ntawm qhob noom xim kasfes. Nco ntsoov tias qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm dessert chocolate yog tsim los ntawm loj taum (6-8 hli).

Caramel ntau lawm

Confectionery yog tsim los ntawm caramel pawg nrog los sis tsis tas ntsaws. Caramel ntau lawm yog ua los ntawm qab zib thiab cov suab plias nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm dyes, ntau yam ntsaws, nqaijrog, khoom noj siv mis. Los ntawm cov hauj lwm kev pom, cov txheej txheem muaj ob peb theem:

1. Caramel phoov yog npaj. Nws cov av noo yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 16%.
2. Nws hloov tawm caramel loj.
3. Npaj kom tiav.
4. Caramel yog moulded thiab txias.
5. Cov pob khoom, ntim khoom thiab ntim khoom ntawm cov khoom tau txais raug coj tuaj.

Syrups yog npaj los ntawm txoj kev ua tas mus li los sis tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, nws yog mus rau boiling mus ua ib tug noo noo ntsiab lus ntawm caramel loj ntawm ib tug siab kawg nkaus ntawm 3%. Nrog rau qhov ntsuas no, qhov loj yuav nyob rau hauv lub xeev amorphous.

Ntau ntawm marshmallows

Flow daim duab ntawm raug kev ntawm lub marshmallow yog kwv yees li tib yam li cov kev siv thiab ntawm lwm confectionery. Ua ntej, cov ntaub ntawv raw yog npaj, ib qhov chaw sib tov yog npaj, ib lub qab zib yog tau raws li qab zib thiab cov suab thaj, cov phoov yog knocked, molded, qhov sib tov yog qhuav, glazed thiab ces stacked.

Lub ntsiab txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm marshmallows yog tsim ntawm confectionery npaus. Nws yog tsim los ntawm pectin thiab gelling agents. Kev tsim khoom ntawm marshmallow khoom tshwm sim los ntawm knocking cia ib tug sib tov ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo puree nrog qab zib-treacle syrup thiab qe dawb. Ua kom cov lus qhia loj, qhov feem cuam ntawm qhov teeb meem qhuav hauv qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog 59%. Lub phaub nws tus kheej yog npaj rau hauv lub digester, qhov chaw uas nws khoov rau cov ntsiab lus hnyav txog li 85%.

Lub zephyr mass yog ntaus nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab whipping, qhov twg hauv daim ntawv qhia feem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo puree, ib nrab ntawm lub qe dawb yog loaded. 8-10 feeb yog txheej txheem ntawm knocking, ces ob feem ntawm cov protein ntxiv, gelling tshuaj, thiaj li hais tias pawg zephyr yog knocked down tusyees. Tom qab ua noj ua haus, qhov loj yog pub rau lub zephyrodening tshuab, qhov twg los ntawm mashing lub marshmallow yog puab raws li ib tug hemisphere.

Tom qab molding, lub marshmallow yog xa mus rau tincture thiab ziab, lub shells tiav yog raug glazing. Lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm xav tias cov khoom tiav lawm yog tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tau ntim thiab ntim.

Ua Iris

Iris yog cov khoom qab zib mis rau cov kua mis, qab zib, suab thaj, roj, flavoring thiab flavouring khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv siab kub (txog li 130 degrees) qab zib thiab mis nyuj hlaub muaj protein ntau, vim tias lawv tau qhov tsaus xim thiab cwj pwm zoo. Lub taub hau thiab cov qauv ntawm iris yuav ua tau zoo li caramel, uas yog, nyuaj thiab nyuab-hau, los yog siv lub laub (xws li ib qho iris muaj cov nplua nuj crystalline).

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua noj ua haus ntawm IRIS yuav tsum ua kom muaj ntau yam haujlwm: npaj cov khoom siv raw, npaj cov mis mos, ua noj rau cov ntses loj, ua kom txias, ces tus IRIS yog moulded. Cov txheej ntawm iris yog dhau nyob rau hauv lub tshuab rolling, tom qab uas lawv raug txiav mus rau hauv square los yog cov khoom muag.

Ntau yam ntawm pastille thiab marmalade

Nrov khoom qab zib nrov yog pastille thiab marmalade. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob tseem ua rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thaum tsom xyuas ib lub tswv yim ua hauj lwm. Marmalade-pastel khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas cov tshuaj tua kab ua lag luam thiab cov tshuaj kua roj (gel-forming) yuav ntxiv. Feem ntau cov khoom lag luam tsim ua kua, ua molded, layered marmalade, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm jelly.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv technology rau kev tsim cov marmalade thiab pastille yog los ntawm knocking qhov loj tawm suab thaj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog qe dawb. Nyob ntawm seb qhov loj npaum li cas yuav raug ntxiv rau cov khob-kua qab zib-khob sib tov, pastilles yog glutinous thiab custard.