Cov ntsiab lus ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lermontov. Lermontov tej hauj lwm hais txog kev tsov rog

Cov ntsiab lus ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lermontov yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw. Hais txog yog vim li cas rau nws tuav ntawm kws sau paj lug, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis kom nco ntsoov qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej lub neej thiab keeb kwm cov txheej xwm uas ua rau nws worldview thiab pom ib ncha nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm.

Tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm los ntawm lub biography

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov yug nyob rau hauv 1814, thaum Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thaum kawg yeej Napoleon. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kaum ib nws tim khawv lub Decembrist uprising ntawm Senate Square. Los ntawm Pugachev ntxeev siab twb cais los ntawm ib co tsib caug xyoo. Xyoo 1830 cim Fabkis txoj kiv puag ncig, cov neeg pluag teeb pib nyob rau hauv Russia. Yav tom ntej paj huam thiab sau ntawv thaum lub sij hawm yog kaum rau xyoo. Tsis ceeb, ob tug kev tsov kev rog - nyeg 1812 thiab Pugachev uprising - tso sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb tsis tsuas yog ntawm Lermontov, tab sis muaj ntau yam ntawm nws lub contemporaries.

Tsov rog nrog Napoleon tshwj xeeb kev txhawj xeeb lub kws sau paj lug rau ntau yam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsom tag nrho cov quab yuam thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg. 1812 yog tseem qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tsov rog xyoo yog ib hom kev tsis txaus siab txog cov niaj hnub tiam uas nyob hauv infamy. Ntxiv mus, Lermontov txiv koom nyob rau hauv nws, thiab koj nyiam yawg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - Athanasius thiab Dmitry Stolypin - ua heroes Borodin. Nws tsis yog li ntawd lub tsev yog lossi tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Lermontov yog zoo li ib tug li ntaub nqus dej absorbing cov kev sib tham.

Kwv huam hais txog kev tsov rog

Peb tham txog tsov rog, thiab nyob Moscow University thiab nyob rau tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tiv thaiv sub-ensigns thiab cavalry Kawm ua tub rog uas Lermontov kawm. Kwv huam hais txog kev tsov rog ntawm 1812, nws pib sau ntawv thaum ntxov, thaum tseem muaj ib tug tub hluas.

"Lub teb ntawm Borodino"

Ib qho ntawm thawj ua hauj lwm mob siab rau mus rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, yog cov paj huam "Borodino Field". Nws sau tau nws kaum xya xyoo. Qhov no hluas zog tuaj paj huam Lermontov qha qhov kev txiav txim mus tua rau lawv teb chaws los ntawm. Lub narrative nyob rau hauv thawj neeg, yog li tus nyeem ntawv yog ib qho nyuaj to taub uas nws yog koom nyob rau hauv kev sib tham - nrog ib tug yooj yim tub rog, tub ceev xwm, infantry los yog artillery tub ceev xwm. Cov duab ntawm lub hero tsis thov kom keeb kwm documentary, vim hais tias cov hluas Lermontov twb tsis tau tau tshem ntawm cov romantic worldview. Nws hais lus yog tseem deb ntawm tus neeg, nws siv lo lus phau ntawv, tshwm sim los ntawm cov lyrics ntawm Zhukovsky. Piv txwv li: "cov me nyuam txog ib tag hmo", "qhov ntxa toj," "fateful hmo ntuj".

"Lub teb ntawm Borodino" yog sib txawv heev los ntawm tej yam uas tau sau hais txog lub sib ntaus sib tua ua ntej lawm. Thiab nws tsis yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov paj huam zoo kawg nkaus ua ke tus neeg sau txoj tseeb thiab tiag tiag txheej xwm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua. Lermontov tus hero yog tag nrho ntawm lub neej, nws tsis muaj lub detachment uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov heroes ntawm lub saum toj no Zhukovsky.

"Ob tug ntawm cov loj heev"

Tub rog ntsiab - ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab, uas nws sau rau cov hluas Lermontov. Tsov rog ntawm 1812 yog tseem cuam tshuam, thiab nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Ob tug loj heev." Nyob rau hauv nws lub kws sau paj lug allegorically depicts lub Lavxias teb sab kov yeej Napoleon. Nws siv colloquial kab zauv song motifs thiab xav tsis thoob mis, epic dluab ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Knights" yeej phem.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog strikingly succinct rivalry "daring" alien thiab paub qab hau "Lavxias teb sab Giant". Nyob rau hauv no ob tw peb pom allegorical confrontation ntawm Russia thiab Fabkis, Kutuzov thiab Napoleon, ob pab tub rog ntawm ob haiv neeg. Ib tug - cov "laus Lavxias teb sab Giant" - qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov zog thiab unwavering yuav ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg, thiab lwm yam - "ib tug peb-lub lim tiam lub plawv ntoo ntawm ntoo qhib" - confidently thiab ua siab loj los ntawm Napoleonic ntseeg hais tias los ntawm kev noj Moscow, nws yuav yeej.

Lavxias teb sab Vityaz kiag li nyob twj ywm, raws li yog hais tias nws paub hais tias tsis poob. Qhov thib ob giant yog nyob rau hauv cov kev npau suav ntawm ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog yeej, nws lub siab clouded bylymi yeej. Nyob rau hauv no peb pom lub folly ntawm nws, thiab txawm audacity, txawm yog hais tias nws yog siab tawv, siab tawv, muaj zog. Lermontov tsov ua rog yog xws li ib tug lub tswv yim: tus Frenchman khav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, thiab nws tsis tau qhia rau sib ntaus sib tua, vim hais tias nws yuav ua tau thiab tsis tau.

"Borodino"

Ntsuam xyuas cov hauj lwm ntawm Lermontov tus tsov ua rog, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txhob hais ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog lub npe nrov kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - "Borodino", sau nyob rau hauv 1837, nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-tsib hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812.

Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, peb kawm tau los ntawm lub plawv cov fiery kab. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ua tsov ua rog yog piav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug dog dig tub rog artillery. Lub "Field ntawm Borodin lub" Lermontov twb sim qhia raws li ib tug loj sib ntaus sib tua lub sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv "Borodino" nws muaj peev xwm mus rau kos ib tug tiag tiag epic daim duab: lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus yog nkaus nyob rau cov kev ua ntawm cov neeg, nws kev sib sau thiab cohesion. Cov tub rog twb npaj txhij nrog lawv lub neej mus cuag yeej, "ces peb mam li sawv ntsug taub hau rau lawv teb chaws."

Lub hero ntawm "Borodino" yooj yim "nrov" dua nws cov thawj romantic. Lermontov yog tau los ntawm ib tug vernacular lo lus qhia rau peb cov psychology ntawm tus hero, ib tug dog dig warrior, "ob lub qhov muag qhib", "sawv ntxov zes cannon", "loj box". Lermontov sau "Borodino", raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb. Lub sij hawm no, nws muab tus neeg sau txoj tseeb, recreating lub daim duab ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm txhim khu kev qha qhov chaw. Dua li ntawm qhov me me npaum li cas, "Borodino" yog ib tug tag nrho paj huam hais txog lub Napoleonic kev tsov kev rog.

Caucasian tsov rog

Cov ntsiab lus ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lermontov yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau npog tsis hais txog Caucasus. Nws yeej muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug. Ntawm no nws nyob, thawj poob rau hauv kev hlub, tiv thaiv, thiab tuag.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, Lermontov tuaj ib tug me nyuam rau, thaum kuv pog Elizabeth Arsenyev coj nws mus rau kho. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum ib xyoos rau cov hluas kws sau paj lug rau cov thawj lub sij hawm muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus siab ntawm kev hlub, uas yog nco txog nws rau ib tug lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv 1837, Lermontov obscure, xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov npaj txhij txog xov xwm ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, sau cov paj huam "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug." Thaum hmo ntuj, nws los ua lub npe hu, tab sis ua ke nrog lub koob meej thiab tau txais ib tug siv mus rau lub Caucasus. Txawm li cas los, ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm kuv pog nws lasted tsuas yog ib ob peb lub hlis.

Nyob rau hauv 1840, tom qab ib tug duel nrog Ernest Barant, Lermontov ib zaug dua xa mus rau lub Caucasus. Qhov thib ob txuas yog sib txawv heev los ntawm tus thawj, uas yog zoo li ib tug taug kev mus los ntawm lub scenic. Lub sij hawm no Nicholas thawj demanded tias lub battles coj ib feem thiab Lermontov. Tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv lub xyoo intensified uprising mountaineers.

Nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, cov kws sau paj lug thiab nws qhia tias nws raws li ib tug siab tawv warrior txias. Nws tsis tau ntshai ntawm raug tua, yog li ntawd kuv yuav caij ib txoj hauj lwm nyob ze qhov chaw uas tus yeeb ncuab yog. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub mountaineers lawv tus kheej respected kws sau paj lug ntawm ntshai. Nws yog ib nqi ntseeg hais tias tus Caucasus twb tsim Lermontov cwj pwm ua tsov ua rog.

Cov kws sau paj lug pleev xim rau txij thaum yau. Feem ntau cov paintings nws portrayed lub Caucasus, nws picturesque ua hauj lwm, battles nyob rau hauv uas nws tau koom tes. Tsaug rau cov duab, peb yuav kawm tau ntau txog tub rog txheej xwm txog tej ntawm Lermontov. Poet ntaus kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov roob siab siab, lub qhuas thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Es, nws originates ntawm no thiab thiaj li muaj yeeb yuj Lermontov ntaub ntawv.

"Valerik"

Thaum lub sij hawm siv rau lub Caucasus tsov rog ntsiab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Lermontov Iwj nrog tshiab tej hauj lwm. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam "Valerik". Noj ib feem nyob rau hauv cov tub rog battles, Lermontov coj magazine, uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "Valerik". Cov paj huam yog lub npe tis rau tus dej uas ntws nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Muab piv rau "Valerik" nrog lub ntsiab ntawm lub cav, koj yuav pom tias lawv phim tsis tau tsuas yog qhov tseeb, tab sis kuj cov style ntawm kev sau ntawv, thiab txawm tag nrho cov kab.

Thaum pib ntawm lub paj huam - ib tug hlub tsab ntawv nyob rau Barbara Lopukhina txoj kev xav uas tus kws sau paj lug nqa los ntawm ntau lub xyoo. Tab sis amid lub carnage nkawd hlub nws childish. Ntxiv mus, nws realizes hais tias tus hlub tsis hlub nws, thiab thaum kawg nws yog npaj txhij rau hais goodbye rau nws. Hauj lwm battles tsim nyog, yog li ntawd, mus qhia tag nrho cov ugliness, lub ntxub ntxaug ntawm kev tsov kev rog, nws yog meaningless.

xaus

Cov ntsiab lus ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lermontov sau los ntawm tag nrho cov nws ua hauj lwm. Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812 xyoo, lub Decembrists 'uprising, lub Caucasian tsov rog - nyuaj lub sij hawm poob rau cov neeg 27 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog uas ua neej nyob Lermontov. tsov rog paj huam tawm ntawm nws lub cwj mem kuj ceeb tias "nrov" patriotic thiab soulful. Cov kws sau paj lug tau qhia peb lub dag lub zog, lub siab loj, ua siab loj, lub hwj chim ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, tag nrho cov qualities uas tsis alien rau nws.