Cov kiv puag ncig industrial nyob rau hauv Russia

Cov kiv puag ncig industrial - lub transformation ntawm tus raug ntau lawm vim kev ceev zog nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas. Txheej txheem raws li cov uas nws kim heev kev siv ntawm machinery. Cov kiv puag ncig industrial pib nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nyob rau hauv lub 30s-40s, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua.

Muaj txoj kev hloov pib nrog lub lag luam nyob rau hauv uas ceev zog yog feem ntau kuj. Tus thawj yog lub paj rwb kev lag luam. Tsheb pib dov nyob rau hauv sau, daim ntaub thiab lwm yam ntau lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd pib mus teem tshuab-tsev tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod thiab lwm lub zos.

Cov kiv puag ncig industrial nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv thawj theem yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm active kev loj hlob ntawm thauj, railway thiab steamship, thawj thiab foremost. Nyob rau hauv 1837 lub thawj kev tsheb ciav hlau twb tsim. Nws txuas lub Tsarskoye selo thiab St. Petersburg. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1851 lub ntsia tau tso ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Moscow.

Muaj txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws pib tom qab tshaj nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws ntau tsim kev lag kev luam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ces cov thawj factories tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo.

Cov kiv puag ncig industrial pib nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub feudal kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Qhov no yeej muaj ib tug heev tej yam tsis zoo rau hauv pace thiab geography uas muaj kev hloov. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj qhauj yog faib haum unevenly thoob plaws lub teb chaws.

Cov kiv puag ncig industrial nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv nws heev thaum pib, thiab yus los ntawm ib co slowdown nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm capital. Los ntawm ib tug fortress, ntau entrepreneurs tsis muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog kev cai lij choj txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lawv yuav tsis muaj factories, tshuav, nyob ntawm seb lub hwj chim ntawm tus tswv tsev.

Muaj txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv Russia tsis pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab cov chav kawm ntawv - lub muaj proletariat thiab lub bourgeoisie. Qhov no yog vim tus persistence ntawm feudal economic system. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm factories thiab nroj tsuag twb peasants, yog neeg thoj nam ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg ua hauj nyob rau hauv lub qhauj yog tsis tu ncua, thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm lawv tus kheej muaj ib tug es tsis muaj theem ntawm peev xwm.

Qhov thib ob muaj kiv puag ncig pib thaum lub lem ntawm lub seventies thiab eighties ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo. Thaum no tus taw tes, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov muaj cov khoom manufactured los ntawm lub tuam txhab, uas yog nruab thiab chav tshuab, uas ua rau yus cov khoom rau hauv lub lag luam.

Muaj txoj kev hloov cuam tshuam (tshwj tsis yog rau paj rwb, daim ntawv thiab qab zib lag luam), hlau thiab tsuas thiab metallurgical, daim ntaub thiab textile, mechanical engineering thiab lub wool kev lag luam. Thaum no tus taw tes ntawm cov handicraft thiab manufactory prevailed Hoobkas ntau lawm.

Cov kiv puag ncig industrial nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem tau nws tus kheej peculiarities. Cov kev hloov tau raug mus nyob rau hauv lub tshiab puag ncig: nws twb abolished serfdom, nyob rau hauv lub neeg pluag kho kom zoo. Tag nrho cov kev hloov no muaj eliminated ntau ntawm cov obstacles rau hauv lub tsim ntawm capitalist system nyob rau hauv lub xeev.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb pib tshiab industries: petrochemical, tshuab-tsev, tshuaj thiab lwm yam.

Muaj txoj kev hloov coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cheeb tsam (Baku, Krivoi Rog, Donbass), pub dawb los ntawm serfdom kev cai thiab thriving nyob rau hauv lub tshiab socio-economic thiab kev mob.

Undoubtedly, lub kiv puag ncig industrial muaj ib qho tseem ceeb kev zoo. Peb pib tshiab cov chav kawm ntawv. Tom qab lub kho ntawm lub industrial bourgeoisie pib mus rau replenish tuaj los ntawm tsoom fwv ua hauj lwm, cov tswv teb, tub txawj tub ntse, ua nom ua tswv.

Cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv muaj kev koom tsim. Yog li lub proletariat yog tseem nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim teeb meem no. Cov ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob yog neeg pluag, cov ua hauj lwm hnub yog ntev heev, tsis coj cai kav, muaj tsis muaj zog kev cai, cov ntawv kho mob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj kev ua ntawm cov neeg ua hauj (eg, Morozov strike nyob rau hauv 1885 yog) coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub eighties thiab nineties.