Colloquial lus thiab sib tham ua: piv txwv thiab pab kev cai

Sau ib tug kaj, catchy ib qho nyuaj rau book. Tab sis ib co sau phau ntawv yog tau los yeej muaj cov xim uas nws tej hauj lwm ib qho impressive cov neeg tuaj saib. Yuav ua li cas yog lub zais cia ntawm lawv txoj kev vam meej? Peb sim mus nrhiav tau tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yuav ua li cas lawv ua tau universal txais.

hais lus phem lus

Colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus - lus nrog ib tug ntxhib, stylistically txo ntxoov ntxoo thiab txawm hais lus phem, uas yog nyob sab nraum cov zajlus style. Lawv yog cov tsis raug rau tus qauv, cov phau ntawv style, paub tab sis txawv pab pawg ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab yog ib cov kev cai thiab kev sib raug cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg uas tsis muaj ib hom lus sau. Cov lus no siv nyob rau hauv ib co hom sib tham: nyob rau hauv ib tug playful los yog paub hais lus nyob rau hauv hais lus sparring thiab cov zoo li.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub vernacular yog hu ua cov uas tsis yog-kev sau ntawv hom lus, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub sib tham. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej zaum nws yuav tsis tau ntxhib thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhia. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj, piv txwv li, cov lus "inward", "ntau", "dawb", "nws kev txawj", "lub hnub," "lub sij hawm ua", "tsis zoo li", "tej", "tau nkees", "dev paus" "plump", "siv zog ua haujlwm", "balk", "brainy".

Mark nyob rau hauv dictionaries, qhia ib tug txo style ntawm cov lo lus thiab lawv lub ntsiab, muab lawv rho tawm kev ntsuam xyuas, countless. Colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus feem ntau accommodates kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev paub qhia lo laus.

Nws yog tseem tau mus nrhiav ntau sayings, differing xwb nyob rau hauv nws cov accentuation thiab phonetics ( "tabaterka" es tsis txhob "snuff", "surezno" es tsis txhob ntawm lub "loj").

Yog vim li cas rau daim ntawv thov

Colloquial lexicon nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm lub suab hais lus yog siv rau ntau yam yog vim li cas: tus neeg sau txoj direct piv rau lub piav, pragmatic motives (journalistic kab lus), kev paub qhia lo ntxhais thiab outrageous (hais lus), characterological yog vim li cas (art nqe lus). Cov hauj lwm ua lag ua luam thiab kev sib tham colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus ntaus nqi raws li inostilevoy caij.

indelicate style

Coarsely colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus tau tsis muaj zog txaus, kev paub qhia lo xim tsis paub cai. Nws muaj, piv txwv li, cov lus no: "riffraff", "cornstalk" "bonehead", "mug", "lub lauj kaub-bellied", "spieler", "ntsej muag", "mug", "bast", "bitch", " okolet "," slyamzit "," scum "," Hamley ". Yuav kom nws muaj lub huab hais lus phem lus, uas yog, foul lus (hais lus phem tsis zoo hais hlo). Nyob rau hauv no style koj yuav nrhiav tau cov lus uas muaj exceptional vernacular qhov tseem ceeb (feem ntau metamorphic) - "xuav" ( "nyiag"), "thiab txiav" ( "khiav ceev hais tias"), "khiav ceev" ( "sau"), "weave" ( "tham nonsense"), "lub kaus mom" ( "tu siab hnab txhuv"), "vinaigrette" ( "jumble").

txhua hnub style

Sib tham cov lus siv yog ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim pawg ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus uas cov txawj sau ntawv nrog rau nruab nrab thiab phau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws cov ntaub ntawv ib lo lus, peb paub los mas nyob rau hauv dialogicality nqe lus. Qhov no style tsom rua kev sib tham nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm lus sib txuas lus (looseness ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab qhia kev sib raug zoo, kev xav, kev xav, kev sib tham nrog rau qhov kev kawm), raws li zoo raws li chav nyob ntawm lwm yam tiers cov lus, kev khiav hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau hais cov nqe lus. Yog li ntawd uas nws txoj kev cai uas kab zauv xam qhovkev kev paub qhia lo txo coloring.

Nes mas hais ib hom ntawv nyeem yog muab faib ua ob teej-puag reservoir muaj peev xwm: ib daim ntawv vernacular thiab cov ntsiab lus obihodno-neeg.

Vocabulary hais lus

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug conversational thiab colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus? Niaj hnub cov lo lus muaj lus hais rau qhov ncauj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tham kev coj. Conversational nqe lus niaj hnub. Lawv nyob hauv qab no hauv nruab nrab sayings, tab sis, nyob rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm cov zajlus paub cov ntsiab lus yog muab faib ua ob yam loj pawg: Elementary thiab vernacular cov ntsiab lus.

Niaj hnub paub cov ntsiab lus muaj xws li cov nqe lus uas muab cov kev sib tham ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ib yam uas tsis raws kev cai, spontaneity (tab sis tsis paub lo lus vernacular). Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus cwj pwm conversational paub cov ntsiab lus raws li nyob nruab nrab thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg.

Nws muaj xws li:

• npe: "wag", "loj txiv neej", "dev paus";
• adjectives: "lax", "careless";
• adverbs: "nyob rau hauv kuv tus kheej txoj kev", "random";
• interjections: "oops", "bai", "LGA".

Niaj hnub lexicon, txawm nws pritushennost, tsis mus dhau rau ib thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus.

Colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no nyob rau hauv style tshaj txhua hnub, yog li ntawd, yog muab tso rau sab nraum lub standardized sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. Kev paub qhia lo ntxhib paub cov ntsiab lus grammatically qhia adjectives ( "bedraggled", "bellied"), qhia txog kev ua ( "pw tsaug zog", "raschuhat"), noun ( "cornstalk", "bonehead"), adverbs ( "lousy," "ruam"). Cov lus no yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib tham tsis zoo kawm ntawv cov tib neeg, defining lawv kev cai theem. Tej zaum lawv yog pom nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tham ntawm ntse neeg. Lub expressiveness ntawm cov lus thiab lawv cov semantic thiab lub siab lub ntsws muaj peev xwm pab kom tej zaum eloquently thiab succinctly qhia lub ratio (feem ntau tsis zoo) rau tej yam khoom, phenomenon los yog tib neeg.
2. Ntxhib-vernacular paub cov ntsiab lus raws ntawm cov ntxhib thiab kev paub qhia lo theem siab ntawm paub. Qhov no, piv txwv li, cov lus no: "Heil", "mug" "mug", "turnip", "grunt", "Rylnikov". Cov eloquent sayings, lawv yuav tau mus rau kis tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kev sib tham rau ib co lub sijhawm uas nws. Vim hais tias ntawm ntau savagery xws vocabulary yog siv tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub sib tham ntawm kab ke haiv neeg cov neeg.
3. Ua tau, vernacular cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no muaj xws li ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov lo lus uas tsis yog-kev sau ntawv, tsis yog vim hais tias lawv yog clumsy (lawv twb tsis paub los ntawm kev paub qhia lo xim thiab tus nqi) los yog muaj ib tug warlike cim (lawv yog tsis tsim semantics), tab sis vim hais tias lawv tsis qhia kom siv kawm ntawv cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib tham. Cov no yog cov lus zoo li "ua ntej", "cia li tam sim no", "taws tes rau txiv," "Kuv kaj lias," "ntses nteg qe". Qhov no hom ntawm cov lus no kuj hu ua demotic, thiab raws ntawm ib tug lub suab hais lus uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub nroog thiab nyob rau hauv lub countryside.

txhais

Txhais nyob rau hauv lub colloquial lus thiab kev sau ntawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntau heev ntau theem ntawm kev qhia thiab expressiveness:

• lub taub hau - galangal, chump;
• ntsej muag - dab tuag mug, muzzle;
• taw - klyagi.

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib tham tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog synonymous li xws li, thiab vernacular versions ntawm kev sau ntawv lus, xws li cov qauv sau ntawv:

• rau nws - mus rau nws;
• yeej ib txwm - zavsegda;
• nws noj - nws poemshi;
• lawv - nws kev txawj;
• tawm - ottudova, ottedova;
• goodbye - mus svidanitsa.

creativity M.Zoshchenko

Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias cov txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia ntawm kev hais lus yog colloquial cov ntsiab lus. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm uas tsis yog-kev sau ntawv txawj sau ntawv masterovitogo lus yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm lub hlwb piav qhia ntawm lub cim, tab sis kuj yuav ua kom muaj ib tug coj stylistic yam teeb meem. Cov tsab ntawm no yog cov muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm Zoshchenko, uas skillfully parodied philistine mentality thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej, "vkraplivaya" nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tham seeb heroes folksy kab zauv.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws zoo nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv vernacular paub cov ntsiab lus? Piv txwv ntawm professionalism M.Zoshchenko impressive. Qhov no feemxyuam kws ntawv sau hauv qab no:

"Kuv hais tias:

- Yog tsis nws lub sij hawm mus zaum hauv ib tug yeeb yam? Hu tej zaum yuav.

Thiab nws hais tias:

- Tsis

Thiab thib peb, yuav siv sij hawm lub ncuav mog qab zib.

Kuv hais lus:

- Kev yoo mov - tsis ntau? Tej zaum ntuav.

Thiab nws hais tias:

- Tsis muaj, - nws hais tias - peb yog siv.

Thiab plaub kim.

Ces nws hits kuv nyob rau hauv lub taub hau cov ntshav.

- Lodge - hais tias - rov qab!

Nws ispuzhalsya. Nws qhib nws lub qhov ncauj, thiab ci ntsa iab hniav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj.

Thiab yog hais tias kuv ntaus lub ntws rein. Tag nrho cov tib yam, kuv xav tias, tsis mus nrog nws.

- Lodge - Kuv hais - mus ntuj raug txim "(" aristocrat "zaj dabneeg!).

Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, cov comic nyhuv yog tiav tsis xwb vim lub plurality ntawm hais lus phem kab zauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj vim lub fact tias cov nqe lus sawv tawm los ntawm lub "ua kom zoo zoo" txawj cliches: "noj ncuav mog qab zib" thiab thiaj on. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tau tsim ib puas hawv portrait ntawm ib tug tsis zoo kawm ntawv, nqaim-minded txiv neej, peb mob siab ua zoo li ntse. Nws yog tus classic hero Zoshchenko.

lub suab hais lus paub cov ntsiab lus

Thiab yog dab tsi ib tug lub suab hais lus, paub cov ntsiab lus colloquial? Kawm Huv hais lus phem lus, muaj coob tus neeg nug ib tug ceev cov lus nug txog nws lub zos coloring, vim qhov tus ntawm dialects: underscores lub tsawg xaiv nyob rau hauv raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tib metropolis ua rau nws tau los sib piv lawv nrog lwm lub zos cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, Tambov, Omsk, Voronezh, Elista, Krasnoyarsk thiab li ntawd, nyob rau hauv.

Pa ib thaj tsam ntawm vernacular thiab lub suab hais lus paub cov ntsiab lus yog heev feem ntau ntaus nqi mus rau keeb kwm mus nrog lub teb chaws lub suab hais lus ua dog ua dig, kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic yog vim li cas hais tias yog tsis nkaus justified tej zaum analyzed raws li ib tug yooj yim qhov chaw ntawm illumination ntawm cov depleted reservoir nrov lus.

Tawm kev A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Pom zoo, tej zaum siv cov colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus muab cov khoom ib tug tej yam uniqueness. Kwm thiab stylistic kev txawj A. I. Solzhenitsyna, cim los ntawm txawv tshaj plaw originality attracts ntau linguists. Thiab lub paradox ntawm Rho tawm kev sib raug zoo mus rau nws yuav tsum tau ib co kev txawj nyeem ntawv mus kawm cov lus thiab cov style ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm no cov sau. Piv txwv li, nws tshiab "Ib tug hnub nyob rau hauv lub Ivana Denisovicha" qhia tau hais tias lub hauv kev sib sau thiab ib tug zoo ib yam, muaj tseeb txug ntawm nws cov paj lug thiab hais lus muaj pes tsawg leeg, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog, raws li tau thov los ntawm L. N. Tolstoy, "ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev tsuas tau lo lus," uas yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb kos npe rau ntawm artistry.

ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws

Lub suab hais lus paub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb heev rau Solzhenitsyn. "Delegate" lub neeg pluag sau muaj nuj nqi, ua nws tus protagonist ntawm nws tshiab, cov txawj sau ntawv tau muaj kev tswj los mus tsim ib tug tsis tshua unconventional thiab paub qhia tej lo lus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws kev hais lus, xav cais tawm rau tag nrho cov tam sim no tsab ntawv cov hauj lwm zoo rov qab mus rau lub battered Tshuag ntawm "nrov" hais lus yuav mus, tau taug los ntawm phau ntawv rau phau ntawv ( ntaus ntawv "nadys" "Apostle", "kuv nyob zoo," "koj saib-Koch" thiab cov zoo li).

Rau feem ntau feem no piav qhia txog hais tias yog ua tsis yog los ntawm cov lo lus ( "uhaydakatsya", "te", "Khalabuda", "gunyavy"), thiab vim lo lus-tsim "obnevolyu", "nedotyka", "ukryvische", "udovolenny" "nrawm nroos". Qhov no txoj kev ntawm txuas mus rau lub suab hais lus hais lus artistic teb, raws li ib tug txoj cai, thuam yog ib qho pom kev ntsuam xyuas raws li reviving associative paub sib txuas lus ntawm cov duab thiab lo lus.

Cov neeg hais lus

Thiab yuav ua li cas siv colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hais lus? Nyob rau hauv kev sib tham niaj hnub cov neeg pluag lub suab hais lus thiab paub cov ntsiab lus vernacular los ntawm txhua lwm yam zoo ua ke. Thiab rov qab muaj, hais tias, lo lus "tsis muaj nuj nqis," "samodumka", "duhovity", "catch" rau tej qho hais lus, thiab precisely vim hais tias dab tsi los yog hais tias lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev uas tsis yog-kev sau ntawv lawv lub zog - rau lub suab ntsuam xyuas Ivan Denisovich tsis txawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nrog cov kev pab los ntawm ob tus thawj thiab tus thib ob hu rau ntawm tus hero tau txais qhov tsim nyog stylistic-lub siab lub ntsws.

Peb hnov txog cov lub siab dawb siab kev txiav txim zoo ntawm kev lom zem, ua neej nyob, pub dawb los ntawm yooj yim borrowed nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los rau ntau yam contentious arenas txheem insightful pej xeem hais lus. Solzhenitsyn nws paub thiab nws sensitively no tshiab me ntxoov.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus yog yus muaj los ntawm colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus? Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov nws yuav ua tau indefinitely. Interestingly siv ntawm Shukhov "raug txim" qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab "ua si-ntau lawm" qhov tseem ceeb - los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev txiav txim los tiv thaiv cov "Shukhov ... muaj ib txhais tes zoo siab, nrawm nroos coj nedokurok, thiab lub thib ob los ntawm cov hauv qab kom raug txim, thiaj li tsis mus poob."

Los yog styazhonnoe siv ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb "yuav" qhia txog kev ua uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nrov hais tias cia li tam sim no, "coj ib tug neeg trafaretki los ntawm tsov rog, thiab txij thaum ntawd tau ploj mus, thiab ntau thiab ntau dyes xws ntaus: nowhere muaj nowhere tsis ua hauj lwm ... ".

Paub txog pej xeem kab zauv muab Solzhenitsyn thiab hnyav lub neej kev, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug active paj nyob rau hauv lub wizard, prompting nws mus tsis tau tsuas yog kho, tab sis kuj hais rau soj ntsuam cov Lavxias teb sab lus.