Clerical lo: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov

Av nplaum los ua tus khub ntawm ib tug tib neeg lub neej rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Tus thawj nplaum, raws li archaeologists, tau tshwm sim 9500 xyoo BC. Nws twb npaj los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm. Pob Txha thiab txog leeg, ntses teev, thiab tej yam ntuj tso resins twb lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm lub nplaum loj. Clerical lo yog feem ntau, raws li siv los ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm me me mus rau loj loj.

tsim cov kua nplaum

Ib tug concoction ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsiaj pov tseg siv los ntawm peb cov pog koob yawg koob mus rau lub xyoo pua 20th.

Thaum science pib tsim sai heev, cov neeg tau txhab kev paub txog qhov zoo thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj, pib tshwm dag Cheebtsam los ua ib tug nplaum. Cov thawj uas tau txais ib tug patent rau lub invention ntawm cov kua nplaum ua Himik Leo Bakelanda. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1901. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1909 nws patents pib massively tsim phenol-formaldehyde glues muaj conductivity. Clerical lo nyob rau hauv lub lig thirties - thaum ntxov 40 lub ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Tam sim no rau cov siv thiab ua cov lo siv high-tech khoom. Txheej txheem ntau caw kaw lus. Thaum lub tam sim no cov nroj tsuag tau ua tag nrho cov txheej txheem, los ntawm cov mus rau lub minyuam lam fwj tshuaj ntawv lo rau ntawm nws daim ntawv lo.

Cov niaj hnub ua lag luam

Txhua txhua xyoo, cov tshuaj kev lag luam ua ntau tshaj 100 lab tej pob khoom ntawm daim ntawv lo.

Muag turnover rau lub xyoo no yog kwv yees li ntawm tsis pub tsawg tshaj li $ 10 lab. Manufacturers hais tias qhov kev thov rau clerical lo yog tsis loj hlob, tab sis yog ruaj khov. Hloov daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom yog nce. Muaj tshiab hom ntawm tus cwj mem qhuav, stickers thiab tapes uas muaj nplaum yam ntxwv. Qhov tseem high-quality khoom ua los ntawm xws li teb chaws: South Kauslim, Russia, Malaysia thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Purpose nplaum

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tej nplaum neeg sawv cev - ib tug ua ke ntawm ob chaw. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub hom phiaj. Lawv muaj ib tug txawv tsis hnov tsw, xim, lawv qhuav thiab uas tsis yog-kom qhuav. Sau nplaum siv rau gluing ntawv thiab paperboard ntawm txawv densities. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yuav siv tau rau domestic hom phiaj.

nplaum yam ntxwv ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm:

• Kom qhuav.
• Frost-resistant.
• Tshab los yog dawb.
• Nws yuav ua tau ib tug kua thiab ib tug khoom.

Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yuav tsum tau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo rau cov kua nplaum chaw ua hauj lwm. Muaj pes tsawg leeg yog kuaj toxicity thiab ua raws li tej uas yuav tsum tau.

Hom ntawv lo

Nplaum yog ib tug kua hom: silicate thiab PVA lo chaw ua hauj lwm.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicate lo tso cai nws siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov thib ob lub npe - kua iav. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Rau cov ntawv nws tsis yog yooj yim, nws yog ntseeg tau kis. Nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm, nws yog siv tsawg zaus.

Clerical lo PVA glues yooj yim daim ntawv, cov duab los qhia, cov ntaub ntawv. Kev thov rau nws muaj yog, nws yog dej khov dua, uas tso cai rau daim ntawv thov los tswj nws kis.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub nplaum rau sau

Silicate sau nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tau hais tseg nws lub npe, yog tam sim no siv ntau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Nws lub ntsiab Cheebtsam: ib tug silicate, polysilicates ntawm lithium, sodium thiab potassium. Nws tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv.

Clerical lo PVA muaj ib tug tseem ceeb: polyvinyl acetate. Nws yog ib qho aqueous tov ntawm lub tshuaj nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib tug plasticizer thiab modifying additives. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug khoom nplaum chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav sib txawv ib tug yooj yim tshuaj. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug polyvinyl acetate (PVA) los yog polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVA lo yuav ua tau ntawm ob peb hom uas txhais tau nws lub zog:

1. Universal;

2. Super Ntxiv.

Rau siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tsum thawj qib. Super Ntxiv yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov rooj tog thiab siv.

ntaub ntawv tej pob khoom

Clerical lo yog muag nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm ntim. Cov kua nplaum yog fej nyob rau hauv hwj ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg. Lub ntsiab sib txawv - yog ib daim ntawv ntawm ib tug raj thiab cap.

Super - cap yog ib nqaim, elongated, unscrew lub hau. Nplaum yog thov mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug hau.

Cap - tus txhuam yog siv ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv hwj nrog silicate nplaum.

Nws yog yooj yim siv ib tug nplaum kua taub hau.

Cap - os txiav ntaqwm tsuas yog tus loj super-cap muaj ib tug dav qhib.

Av nplaum - sau mem hluav yog tam sim no feem ntau yog ib tug. Nws yog lub feem ntau yooj yim rau siv. Hos yooj yim, tsis kis tau, nws yog ib yig, muaj zoo heev nplaum zog.

Adhesive tsuag - ib yam tshiab ntawm daim ntawv lo, uas kuj yuav pab tau muab ntoo, ua npuas ncauj thiab hlau.

Siv ib daim ntawv lo rau ntawm lub tsev

Cov neeg nrhiav tseem muaj ntau txoj kev siv cov kua nplaum chaw ua hauj lwm. Specifications cia dav siv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Peb tom ntej no xav txog yuav ua li cas koj tseem siv tau ib tug silicate kua nplaum los yog PVA nplaum.

Silicate kua nplaum los yog dej iav - ib yam khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv - waterproofing.

Variants ntawm kev siv ib tug silicate nplaum.

• Yog ntxiv mus rau hauv cov xim muaj hlau rau facades. Imparts kuj.
• Kev kho mob ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab cov plag tsev nyob rau hauv lub chav dej rau kev sib khi.
• Nws yog siv rau waterproofing cov me nyuam yaus.
• Ntxiv rau xis mas thiab qhob kom tau tshiab hom kev daws teeb meem.
• Siv rau qhov siv thiab ua tshwj xeeb putty uas obscure lub kav xa dej.
• Impregnated ntaub yuav muaj zog tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv.
• Gardeners kho pruning fab qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv teeb meem kab mob.
• Lawv npog qhov chaw yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm raug ultraviolet tawg.
• Siv rau kev ntxuav tais diav thiab cov lauj kaub.

Daim ntawv qhia rau kev tshem tawm ntawm coke los ntawm lub lauj kaub uas siv ib lub silicate nplaum.

Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, siv los ntawm peb cov grandmothers thiab zoo-grandmothers. Nws yog tsim nyog los noj ib lub tais hlau los yog loj yias. Nyob rau hauv nws ib tug ncuav raj silicate nplaum. Yuav kom ntxiv li tag nrho cov lauj kaub thiab cover. Lub peev xwm yuav muab tso rau qhov hluav taws kub thiab boil. Txuj ci tseem ceeb, nrog cov tais diav los tawm tag nrho cov carbon deposits. Tom qab tag nrho cov tais diav yuav tsum tau kom huv si rinsed nyob rau hauv khiav dej. Muaj yog ib tug uas zoo sib xws daim ntawv qhia nrog rau cov tas li ntawd ntawm xab npum thiab dej qab zib tshauv.

PVA lo no kuj zoo hu mus rau builders thiab rooj tog zaum makers.

Variants ntawm kev siv ib tug PVA nplaum.

• Siv thaum assembling rooj tog.
• Zoo secures cov ntaub pua plag rau hauv pem teb.
• Txhim khu kev qha thaum kho cov linoleum.
• Siv rau kev sib nplaum vuas.
• Nws yuav pab tau rau pasting wallpaper.
• Ntxiv rau lub primer thiab muab tub lim nyob rau hauv dej-raws li xim tsev.

PVA lo tau tau chaw vim nws uas tsis yog-tshuaj muaj taug, hluav taws kub, siab tsevneeg muaj peev xwm thiab yooj yim rau siv. Lawv muaj peev xwm muab cov ntawv, tawv tsiaj, iav, daim ntaub, hnab yas, hlau.