Ceeb Toom tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov tsheb khiav kev cai. Ceeb Toom tsheb tej yam tshwm sim thiab lawv cov tau hauj lwm nrog cov lus qhia thiab tawm tswv yim. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov kev ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim?

Ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim (SDA) - yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub npe. Thiab txawm tsis tas yuav piav tias yog vim li cas. Tom qab tag nrho, cov cim - pointers uas qhia rau tus tsav tsheb hais tias nws muaj tos txoj kev kawm ntawv, thiab yuav ua li cas coj nyob rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ntsiab yog heev uas nws kim heev, thiab nws yuav tsum tau suav hais tias.

terminology

Ua ntej koj yuav hais lus ncaj qha txog qhov kev ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim (SDA), koj yuav tsum qhia me ntsis rau koj txog tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv tus. Nws yog tsim nyog los paub. Yog li, txoj kev qhia no hu ua cim, tej yam tshwm sim uas tsim kom muaj ib txog kev txoj kev rau kev tshem ntawm lub tsheb thiab lwm yam tsheb. Lawv yog ib tug nrig txog kev pom cov lus ceeb toom ntawm muaj tej thiab hais tias yog tos ntawm txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd kos - ib pab thiab ib daim ntawv qhia rau lub zog.

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv? Muaj lus ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim (SDA qhia txog lawv ntau li ntau kom meej), prohibitory, yuav tsum tau, index, ntaub ntawv, kev qhia kom paub. Txoj kev cim, los ntawm txoj kev, raws li tau zoo raws li Pib ntsais koj teeb ntawm lub tsheb xws li, kuj siv tau rau lawv. Tseem muaj feem qhab nia, kev pab cuam thiab cov ntawv nrog cov lus qhia ntxiv. Raws li yuav pom - ib tug ntau ntawm lawv. Tab sis tam sim no kuv xav kom them ntau xim rau no lub npe, raws li cov lus ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim. SDA yuav pab kom to taub nws.

feature

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw? Yuav ua li cas ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim - cov no yog cov cim qhia tias tau qhia rau cov neeg tsav tsheb hais txog dab tsi ua cim yog ib tug neeg txaus ntshai. Thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, tus neeg tsav tsheb twb regulates lub ceev thiab noj lwm yam kev nqis tes ua yam xyuam xim tsav lub cuab ntxhiab.

Cov pointers yeej ib txwm ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug txaus ntshai stretch ntawm txoj kev, los yog koj yuav tsum ua raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb high-ceev hom. Lwm feem ntau os qhov kev tshwm sim (eg, txo visibility). Nws tseem yog nqi paub tias cov tej yam tshwm sim tsis yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug dawb keeb kwm yav dhau. Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nyiam ntau xim uas cov neeg tsav tsheb, nws ua ib tug kaj daj. Ntau yam, nws txo nws hwj mus rau hauv lo lus nug - seb tus tib tseem ceeb yog tus kos npe rau thiaj li hais tias muaj ib tug dawb keeb kwm yav dhau? Zoo, koj yuav muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg. Tus nqi yog tib yam.

tseem

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov kev ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim? PDD nrog cov lus uas yuav pab kom to taub. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov indicators tsis ua tej yam kev txwv nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb. Lawv tsis muab los yog txwv tsis pub. Lawv tsuas qhia rau cov neeg txog dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej no. Yus ib tug voos zoo thiab ib tug liab ntug. Duab hauv - dub. Thiab txij li thaum cov cim yog ib tug ceeb toom xwm, muab lawv nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub zos - kwv yees li 50-100 meters los ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg pib lub txaus ntshai cheeb tsam. Thiab tawm ntawm lub nroog, lub zos los yog lub zos -. Rau ib tug deb ntawm 150-300 m kom muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev ceev. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum lub zos los mus rau qhov kawg, tus tsav tsheb muaj cai tsav ntawm ib tug ntau dua ceev. Thiab thaum ib tug neeg kis tau cov meters, nws muaj ib tug me ntsis sij hawm los xav txog lawv cov kauj ruam tom ntej.

PP nrog ib tug tramway kab

Qhov no daim ntawv yuav tsum hais. Yeej, ob peb nyob rau hauv uas lub zos muaj trams. Xijpeem, lawv yog tsis raws li ntau raws li taxis. Thiab cov tsheb no yog "khi" mus rau lub ntsia thiab nws yog li no heev tsuas siv chav rau maneuver. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv trams muaj lawv cov "kev tsim nyog tau". Thiab lub ntsiab yog hais tias yog lub tsheb thiab cov tsheb no muaj vaj huam sib luag txoj cai mus ncig teb chaws, ces cov tram sau thawj - tsis hais dab tsi coj.

Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov tram kab tshuam nrog cov kab txaij thiab cov loj, kos npe rau, suav li 1.5. Nws yooj yim mus kawm, vim hais tias nws yog sawv cev thiab cov tsheb no. Tab sis qhov no tsis muab tso rau lub pointer ua ntej txhua kev sib tshuam. Nws yog yuav tsum tau rau nruab nws nyob qhov twg lub kab yog cov kev tshuam, uas yog, cia li mus rau ntawm ntug txoj kev axis. Thaum hla tus noticeably ntawm kev tshuam, tej yam tshwm sim tsis ua, vim hais tias txhua yam thiab thiaj li yog yooj yim pom. Tiam sis nyob rau siding yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov qhov kev txiav txim.

Cov kev tshuam ntawm sib npaug txoj kev

Lwm cov npe tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau npaum li cas li, sib tham txog qhov kev ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev. Qhov no Performance index yog suav raws li 1.6. Thiab nws yog muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim mus ceeb toom rau tus neeg: nws yog tos nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov kev tshuam. Thiab yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj feem tshwm sim los yog cov tsheb teeb. Vim hais tias cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj cai xaiv los ntawm ib theem zuj zus ntawm cov lus qhia. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus neeg tsav tsheb yog ib txwm nco ib tug neeg twg uas mus rau sab xis. Nco ntsoov nws yog ib qho yooj yim. Txaus kawm ib yam yooj yim cov kab lus: "Leej twg yog txoj cai - nws yog txoj cai." Thiab lub sij hawm yog txoj cai, nws muaj los mus muab txoj kev.

Tab sis qhov no pointer yog teem tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov teeb meem no yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm trams. Yog hais tias cov kev tshuam ntawm sib npaug txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau kev tshuam uas yog pom mus rau tag nrho cov neeg tsav tsheb los ntawm ib tug deb, tus kos npe rau yog tsuas tsis muaj kev xav tau. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog hais tias tus roundabout yog thiab tram tshuam, ces cov tsheb no yuav muaj ib tug kom zoo dua.

Thiab yog dab tsi txog qhov kos npe rau 1.7? Qhov no Performance index, ib tug ceeb toom tias tus neeg yuav tau tos nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug yeej zog ntawm ib tug kev tshuam. "Lub zog ntawm lub nplhaib", nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus thaum hais lus. Tab sis hais tias yog lwm lub npe - Lus ntawm kev tshuam. Nws yog yooj yim thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kis tau tej lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib.

Qhov tiag txaus ntshai

Ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim (SDA) thiab lawv piav yuav tsum tau paub raws li muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv yuav tau qhia rau tus neeg tsav tsheb txog tiag tiag txaus ntshai. Piv txwv li, lub pointer suav 1.9 xeev uas ib tug neeg yog nce lub drawbridge los yog ib tug ferry. Qhov no txhais tau tias kho mob yuav tsum tau ua hais txog cov kev nkag thiab tawm. Nws feem ntau yog txiav txim lub luag hauj lwm. Los yog ib tug teeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias qhov no pointer yog teem ob zaug (ib txwm!). Ua ntej, nws yog nyob qab lub 150-300 meters ua ntej tus choj / ferry, thiab ces - rau 50-100, uas yog twb ncaj qha nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws.

txaus ntshai

Pointer 1.10 kuj siv rau hauv qeb ntawm "ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim". Nrog kev piav qhia ntawm txhua yam yog yooj yim - tus kos npe rau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev uas coj mus rau lub hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv lub Performance index tso tawm kom pom ib daim duab ntawm yuav ua li cas lub tsheb ntog mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Raws li, nws sawv raws li nram no: "Yog hais tias koj, tus neeg tsav tsheb tam sim no yuav tsis tig mus rau sab laug los yog mus rau sab xis, yuav muaj daim duab nyob rau kos npe rau!". Nws, dhau lawm, teem ob zaug, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub Performance index 1.9.

Nyaum lem - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog ib feem ntawm lub SDA. Ceeb Toom tsheb tej yam tshwm sim nrog cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib qho yooj yim kawm, raws li lawv piav ib nkhaus simulating ib txoj kev raws uas ib tug neeg tom qab ib tug tej yam nyob deb tsim nyog kom dhau lub lem. Raws li, nws yog tsim nyog los txo cov kev ceev (hais txog 40 km / h). Txwv tsis pub, koj muaj peev xwm tsis haum nyob rau hauv. Lub txim yog feem ntau tu siab.

Ascents, descents thiab lwm yam obstacles

Indicators 1.13 thiab 1.14 kuj qhia txaus ntshai tab tom yuav. Lawv ceeb toom ntawm ntxhab descents thiab ascents. Thiab koj yuav tsum paub hais tias lawv yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tag nrho cov "toj" thiab cia li ua ntej lub yeej qhov chaw nyaum, qhov twg qhov yuav tsum tau yuav raws li attentive. Muaj ib tug complex nyem lawv tus kheej descents thiab ascents tshaj plaws ntseg thiab protracted, thiab visibility yog feem ntau tsawg.

Pointer 1.15 ceeb toom tias tsis ntev neeg yuav fim ib tug unpleasant tshwm sim, namely slippery txoj kev. Raws li, nws yog tsim nyog los qeeb thiab tau ceev faj heev.

Pointer ntawm No. 1.16 qhia ib tug ntxhib txoj kev. Pob, qho to, potholes, tsis muaj asphalt - tag nrho cov no yuav dhau. Thiab tsis txhob muaj cov "tua neeg" ntawm nws ncua kev kawm ntawv, tsav thiab tus kheej qab haus huv, kom tsis txhob ceev. Tab sis kos tus cim 1.17 qhia rau hump, uas yog, uas yuav sai sai no yuav "tsaug zog policeman". Nyob ze ntau muab tso rau hauv lub phaj nrog lub siab tshaj plaws ceev txwv.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub?

Tham txog dab tsi lub cim yog lus ceeb toom, tsis hais (yam tsawg kawg luv luv) txog kev tshwm sim, uas tseem tsis tau tuaj txog.

Yog li ntawd, 1.1 - hais tias tus mus kom ze rau r / w kom tshem tau cov teeb meem. 1.2 - yuav luag tib yam, tsuas yog tsis muaj teeb meem. Tiam sis qee zaum xws li ib tug w / d-hla muaj tsheb teeb. Ib leeg-multipath thiab r / w txoj kev - qhov no yog tej zaum qhov tsuas ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim, uas yog muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub chaw khuam siab. Lawv zoo li ib tug ntoo khaub lig hla txoj kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj tej yam tshwm sim uas qhia qhov mus kom ze rau r / w hla. Nws zoo nkaus li raws li plaques nrog obliquely xwm kab liab. Tej zaum yuav muaj peb, ob tug thiab ib tug. Txhua kab yog ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm meters. Yog hais tias peb ntawm lawv - uas yuav txav los ntawm 150-300 meters. Ob - 50-150 m Ib -. 50 meters.

Tso gravel, txaus ntshai roadside, narrowing ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg taug kev hla, cov tsos ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv txoj kev, nce mus rau lub qhov, tsawg-ya aircraft, transhumance, puv, tsheb jam, ntog pob zeb, tsiaj qus - tag nrho cov no kuj muaj nws tus kheej los. Kom ntau yam tshwm sim, tab sis tsawg kawg yog ib zoo siab - lawv yog lug to taub, raws li lawv piav tag nrho cov zoo thiab tsuas yog kom meej meej.

Qhov kawg uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Lwm point uas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hais. Twb rau ib ntev lub sij hawm peb tau ua ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev cai. Yuav tsum ceeb toom rau videofiksatsii - ntau tau hnov txog nws, tab sis ib txhia tseem yuav unsolved lo lus nug: "Yog nws tiag tiag tso?". Thiab muaj, cov lus teb no yog. Nws zoo li nws tsis zoo li tag nrho cov kev ceeb toom tej yam tshwm sim. Feem ntau nws yog ib tug xiav duab plaub, uas qhia tau hais tias ib tug lub koob yees duab nrog ib lub eeb. Feem ntau tseem muaj ib tug inscription: "Diam duab-video tswj" - thiaj li hais tias txhua leej txhua tus yog tseeb hais txog dab tsi qhia no pointer. Thiab nws ntsia peb txog qhov twg muaj ib tug lub koob yees duab, tua dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev.

Yuav ua li cas nws yog ua tau kom paub tseeb tias lub ntsiab lus yog heev kim heev. Tab sis nws tsis yog yooj yim. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nrog nws txoj kev kawm - yuav ceev faj thiab nco ntsoov tias txhais tau tias ib tug los yog lwm yam duab. Thiab lawv yog cov heev yooj yim thiab meej.