Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: lub chaw uas zoo heev, chij, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, keeb kwm

Byelorussian - ib tug Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej, ib tug ntawm 16 lub qub republics ntawm lub USSR. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej los ua tus BSSR Belarus. Lub capital yog lub nroog ntawm Minsk, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau densely populated lub zos nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub BSSR nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv cov cheeb tsam 6, 117 nyob rau hauv thaj chaw deb chaw, 98 lub zos thiab nroog settlements 111.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm muaj lub Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Tus chij twb nthuav mus rau ntau yam kev xaiv nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm. Cov kev xaiv uas hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Interestingly, thaum muaj ib lub Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab twb yuav luag unchanged.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm ntawv

Ntawm xws lub teb chaws raws li teb chaws Poland, lub Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, lub RSFSR, lub Ukrainian SSR, lub Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yog tsim los pab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Lub chaw uas zoo heev nws muaj kwv yees li 207 600 km ^2. Keeb xeeb tau koom rau cov RSFSR thiab cov Byelorussian SSR los ua ib qho kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv cia li ob lub xyoo. Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov Byelorussian SSR koom nrog lub Lithuanian Soviet koom pheej thiab twb tsim Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej, los yog, raws li nws yog hu ua, SSR LitBel, tiam sis tsuas yog ib lub xyoo thiab ib nrab hnub. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej nyob rau hauv 1919 yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ib feem ntawm ib tug loj lub teb chaws. Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej muaj ob tug. Moscow-Litovsk Treaty, uas tau kos npe rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 12, 1920, yog ib tug npog ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR LitBel. Thiab nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 31 Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yog kiag li lawm. Yog li, lub Byelorussian SSR yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1919, ces los ua ib feem ntawm ib tug loj union, tom qab, los ntawm 1920 mus 1991, nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los raws li txoj cai los ua ib tug neeg sab nraud lub xeev.

economic yam ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv 1980, 4.3 billion rubles rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, ua liaj ua teb thiab infrastructure tau nyiaj ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Byelorussian SSR. Qhov tseem tsim ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub xeev yuav tsum tau hu ua lub tshuaj, petrochemical thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries. Ceev ceev nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob (1940 rau 1980) twb nqa tawm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm hnyav capital peev thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Belarusian neeg. Cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tom qab tsov rog, rebuilt lub nroog, ntau ntawm cov uas muaj peev xwm yuav hais tau kom muaj tau ua los ntawm kos, npaj cov ntau lawm thiab extraction ntawm minerals. Nyob rau hauv raws li ntau li ntau 29-fold nce nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm ntau lawm nyob rau hauv cia li 40 xyoo. Roj BSSR thiab cov koom pheej Belarus tau muab thiab xyuas kom muaj los ntawm nws tshaj reserves ntawm natural gas, roj, thee thiab peat. Rich deposits ntawm minerals kuj tau tsim thiab nruab nrog Soviet pab kev nqis peev. Qhov ntev ntawm railways nyob rau hauv lub BSSR yog ntau li ntau 5513 km rau 1982, thiab rau txoj kev tsheb - 36 700 km.

pejxeem

Byelorussian SSR yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau densely populated qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet Union, nyob rau hauv 1984 cov pejxeem ceev yog 47,6 neeg ib 1 km ^2. Uniform hais sib haum ntawm cov koom pheej yog vim kuj sib npaug zos tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob thoob plaws nws lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau populated chaw ntawm lub teb chaws yog hais tias cov chaw yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi no loj lub zos, xws li Minsk. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1950 mus 1970, lub nroog pejxeem yog loj hlob sai tshaj qhov nruab nrab rau cov USSR.

Byelorussian Xwm

Koom pheej yog nyob rau hauv East European Tiaj, occupying rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Dnieper phiab thiab cov western Dvina thiab Neman nyob rau hauv nws lub nce mus txog. Predominant hom tiaj. Txawm li cas los, cov cheeb tsam no yog yus muaj los ntawm cov alternation ntawm toj thiab lowlands, uas muab ntau npaum li cas swamped, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pas dej nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub BSSR. Quaternary glaciation ua no feature ntawm nyem. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab ntawm lub xeev yog ib tug tag nrho system ntawm davhlau ya nyob twg Moraine ridges. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj yog toj.

nyem

Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Belorussian stretches Belarusian caj, muaj raws ntawm cais qhov chaw, elevations tsim nyob rau hauv lub Moscow glaciation. Parallel los ntawm nws yog periglacial nras. Belarusian Polesie, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub xeev, hu ua lub rooj tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tiaj. Toj thiab ridges kuj ua nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, nyob ze ntawm lub Belarusian Polesie.

kev nyab xeeb

BSSR yog nyob rau hauv lub kub tsis txias cheeb tsam, los ntawm uas nws hais ntxiv hais tias yog kev nyab xeeb tsis kub tsis txias. Lub ib hlis ntuj kub - txog -4 ° C, tab sis vim yog tus tus loj ntev los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, cov nqi no tej zaum yuav txawv. Qhov nruab nrab Lub Xya hli ntuj kub - txog 17 ° C, tab sis rau cov tib yog vim li cas, tus nqi tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tseeb kiag li tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog continental, uas txhais tau tias dej nag yog ib tug me ntsis - 550-700 hli.

dej

Lub Byelorussian SSR yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej ntws, ob leeg me me thiab cov loj loj nyob rau hauv roj. Tag nrho cov ntev yog suav tias yog ib tug nqi ntawm 90 600 km. Lawv tag nrho cov yuav mus rau lub Atlantic phiab, namely tus dub thiab Baltic Seas. Ib txhia cov niam dej yog siv rau cov tsheb thauj mus los. BSSR yog nplua nuj heev nyob rau hauv hav zoov, uas nyob 1/3 ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev, tej nroj tsuag, swamps thiab lov tas vau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 1/10.

Belorussian chaw uas zoo heev yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub ntug ntawm lub East European phaj, thiab chaw pib lub seismological kev ua si yuav tsis muaj zog, lub feem ntau haib av qeeg yog tsawg tshaj li 5 ntsiab lus.

Ntawm natural resources BSSR

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lwm yam minerals tawm, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, yuav tsum tau hu ua ib cov roj, roj, thee thiab ntau yam ntsev.

Roj thiab cov nkev yog nplua nuj heev cheeb tsam sab qaum teb ntawm lub Pripyat lub sab. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm cov roj deposits - yog loj heev, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Nkev yog tsis tam sim no nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, thiab yog li ntawd ua ib txhij.

Brown thee thiab shale

Tsis tas li ntawd loj loj reserves ntawm xim av thee nyob sab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Byelorussian SSR. Peat yog sawv cev los ntawm 39 hom. Nws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab fuels nyob rau hauv Belarus. Raws li ntau raws li 7,000 thee, nws tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog kwv yees li 2.5 lab hectares, tsuas yuav siv tsis tau. Tag nrho cov peat - 1.1 billion tons, yog tiag tiag nplua nuj reserves.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub BSSR pib mus rau extract roj shale, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm li geologists hais tias, ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 600 m. Cov loj loj reserves ntawm shale li lug siv raws li roj.

ntsev

Poov tshuaj thiab pob zeb ntsev yog tsuas thiab tshuaj feedstock. Fais fab Khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg -. 1-40 m Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv carbonate-av nplaum pob zeb. Stocks potash mldr muaj txog 7.8 m. Lawv muab rho tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb, xws li Starobinsk thiab Petrikovsk. Pob zeb ntsev sawv cev mldr 20 m, lawv pw ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog li 750 meters. Extract lawv nyob rau hauv xws teb raws li Davydov thiab Mozyr. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub BSSR yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phosphorite.

siv cov kev faib pob zeb

Lub ib ncig ntawm Belarus kuj muaj ib tug wealth ntawm kev tsim kho thiab txojkev pob zeb reserves, cwj mem av dawb, av nplaum thiab lub tsev xuab zeb. Stocks tsev pob zeb - txog 457 lab cubic meters ^3, txojkev - txog 4.6 lab cubic meters ^3. Feem ntau yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev pob zeb yav qab teb qhov chaw ntawm Belarus. Dolomites, rau lwm cov tes, tuaj mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb. Lawv reserves - txog 437,8 lab tons ntawm BSSR yog nplua nuj thiab chalky pob zeb, lub reserves ntawm uas niaj hnub no account rau txog 3,679 billion tons ntawm ntau hom ntawm txais av ya yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Belarus nyob rau hauv reserves ntawm 587 lab m ^3, lawv nyob mas nyob rau hauv Minsk, Grodno .. , Gomel thiab Vitebsk cheeb tsam.

Kev loj hlob ntawm mineral kev pab

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Byelorussian SSR, raws li tau hais tias, peb muaj kev koom mined mineral kev pab. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob pib lwm 30 000 xyoo dhau los thaum lub sij hawm lub caij Paleolithic. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv no ib ncig, mined pob zeb uas tawv los ntawm hauv av. Hais txog 4.5 lab lub xyoo dhau los, nws twb tsim kremnedobyvayuschy nuv ntses. Peb pom ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm mines uas tau siv rov qab rau hauv lub Cretaceous lub sij hawm. Lawv tob yog tsis ntau tshaj li 6 meters, tab sis muab lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov tshwm sim, nws yuav lam xav tias zus tau tej cov pob zeb uas tawv twb mas tsim cov neeg nyob ntawm cov chaw no. Muaj kuj ob peb poob lawm ntawm shafts, kev cob cog rua ntawm zaus, feem ntau yog li 5 lub.

txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lawm

Cov ancient mines koob twb pom, uas tau npaj rau xaws hnab tsim nyog los mus thauj cov mined mineral. Ua cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj tawm. Flint siv rau qhov siv thiab ua axes. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib caug xyoo BC pib tsuas ntawm hlau, ntawm uas cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus, tsim cov khoom rau lub neej thiab riam phom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov av nplaum tau ua tais diav rau txawv xav tau kev pab. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th pib tshwm glassware, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 18th nyob thawj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm siv thiab ua.

extraction ntawm peat

Peat extraction nyob rau hauv lub Byelorussian SSR los ua ib tug neeg sab nraud ceg ntawm kev lag luam. Tagnrho tau tshee zog vim yog lub zog siv. Nws nyob peat tuam txhab uas muag uas leveraged sector. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb puas tsuaj lawm. Tsuas yog los ntawm 1949 qhov ntim ntawm rho peat mus txog rau yav tas los qhov tseem ceeb.

Extraction ntsev

Raws li twb tau hais, lub potash thiab pob zeb ntsev rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus yog nyob rau hauv loj naj npawb. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv 1961 nws pib lawv active tsuas. Siv underground txoj kev ntawm kev uas tsuas deposits. Lub richest ntawm lawv - Starobin. Lub mechanization ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov extraction ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntim nce ntawm ntsev los ntawm 60% nyob rau hauv 1965 xyoo thiab 98% nyob rau hauv 1980.

subsoil tiv thaiv

Lub Byelorussian SSR koom mined minerals, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv hais tias nws yog ntseeg tau los ntawm cov ib puag ncig. Loj heev rau tej thaj chaw tau raug ntaus nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev ua si ua ub no twb muaj aimed ntawm kev kawm ntxiv ntawm mineral kev pab thiab restoration ntawm cov kev pab, xws li av chiv, thiab cog ntoo.

Kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj sector

Belorussian Polytechnic lub koom haum, tsim rov qab nyob rau hauv lub Byelorussian SSR, npaj ua hauj lwm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsuas kev lag luam. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Minsk nyob rau hauv 1933. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1969 muaj raws li muaj ntau yam raws li 12 departments. Nws tseem muaj lwm cov tsev kawm ntawv. Kev cov tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no muab kev kawm ntawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peat deposits, underground ua ntawm ores thiab tsis-metallic minerals thiab lwm yam lag luam.

Arena confrontation

Nyob rau hauv 1920, lub Byelorussian SSR, ib tug yuav hais tias, yog qhov chaw tawm tsam bourgeois cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub USSR. Xeem tog yuav khaws hwj chim nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, lub Soviet Union nyiam sawv cev los ntawm ib tug delegation ntawm lub RSFSR. Qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tsis nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus Byelorussian SSR. Cai tsis muab lub tau ntawm expanding Belarus ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm Poland.

Byelorussian Socialists twb tsis zoo siab nrog qhov chaw ntawm ib thaj tsam nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze, namely nrog lub RSFSR thiab Poland. Lawv ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom teem ib thaj tsam nyob rau hauv ethnographic kab. Kev sib sau yog tsis nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog

Thaum lub sij hawm WWII BSSR thiab USSR raug kev txom nyem ntau tshaj lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv lub Byelorussian SSR, tua ntau tshaj 2 lab tus tib neeg, thiab lub teb chaws tau exported txog 380 txhiab. Tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ua ntej tsov rog, tsuas tiav los ntawm 1971. Lub Nazi invaders puas lawm 209 lub zos thiab lub zos, ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau muab rebuilt, tsuas 2.8 lab square meters ntawm cov vaj tse tau dim los ntawm yuav luag 10.8.

Cov kev ywj pheej thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv 1990 nws kos npe rau tshaj tawm ntawm State Sovereignty ntawm lub Byelorussian SSR, uas meant nws ntxhov sib cais. Cuaj hlis 19, 1991 nws los ua officially hu ua lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws tau tsim thiab kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm qhov CIS. Lub koom haum no muaj xws li lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, Ukraine thiab Belarus. Ib tug interesting tseeb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev no yuav tsum tau hu ua hais tias raws li muaj ntau yam raws li 46 xyoo ntawm no koom pheej, raws li zoo raws li lub Ukrainian Soviet Socialist koom pheej, yog ib tug ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub UN (United Nations), txawm hais tias nws tseem nyob lub xeev - Byelorussian. Nyob rau hauv 1920-1930 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm constitutionalism twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.