Bologna kev kawm ntawv system

Txij li thaum 2003, tom qab Russia lub accession mus rau lub Bologna daim ntawv cog lus, Russia lug thiab sib nkag lub Bologna system ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab mus hloov dua txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub European qauv, lub Ministry of Education qhia ib ob-theem system ntawm kev qhia universities: thawj theem - Bachelor, thib ob - Xib Hwb. Lub ntsiab sib ceg ntawm lub Ministry of Education yog tias Lavxias teb sab cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tau txais kev txawj ntse ntawm cov European theem, raws li zoo raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm ntau cov kev cai ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau mus sau npe kawm nyob rau hauv tus tswv lub degree thiab mus txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov European Union.

Qhov no innovation muaj nws pluses thiab minuses. Bologna kev kawm ntawv system muaj ntau cov yeeb ncuab, ob qho tib si ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov xibfwb qhia ntawv thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv rectors. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj tswv yim hais tias Russia yuav npaj txoj kev kuaj rau sab hnub poob. Tab sis lub biggest drawback zaum yuav hais tias Masters nyob rau hauv Russia yuav tau them nyiaj. Raws li cov forecasts ntawm cov kws txawj ntawm free magistrates nyob rau hauv Russia yuav tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, piv txwv li, cov nqi ntawm cov kev kawm rau master los ntawm peb mus rau tsib txhiab euros ib xyoo.

Lavxias teb sab Student Union ntseeg hais tias depriving cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tau txais kev kawm pub dawb nyob rau hauv ib tug tswv universities li ua txhaum lub Lavxias teb sab Constitution thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau ntau dua postgraduate Professional Kev Kawm Ntawv" thiab "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv". Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub Bologna kev kawm ntawv system yuav ua rau dab tsi yuav tshwm sim ntau tshaj commercialization kawm ntawv qib siab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, raws li lawv hais ib co kws txawj, nws yog veiled hloov los ntawm dawb mus rau them kev kawm ntawv.

Bologna system ntawm kev kawm ntawv nkag tau rau hauv 1999 nyob rau hauv Bologna, qhov twg 29 European lub teb chaws muaj txiav txim siab los coj ua ke qhov sib txawv kev kawm ntawv system thiab nkag tau ib tug ob-theem system kawm ntawv qib siab uas muab cov menyuam kawm ntawv tom qab uas tau txais ib bachelor degree yog tsis tsuas mus rau tag lub Masters nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev teb thiab ua tau zoo dua npaj rau kev ua si. ntiaj teb no txheej xwm ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv kev soj ntsuam tau raug tsim. Qhov no thiaj li tus naj npawb ntawm ntau, qhib khoom, thiab ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub tshaaj ntawm kev txawj ntse. Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog saib xyuas pob tshab thiab nruj me ntsis tswj tsis.

Ib txhia tw ntseeg tau hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab universities yuav tsis tau tso nyob rau hauv 3-4 lub xyoo ntawm mas txawj tshwj xeeb tsis tau poob qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab rau siab ua raws li cov sab hnub poob, lub Lavxias teb sab txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau kiag li hloov. Piv txwv li, peb tsis tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sij hawm siv rau ywj siab ua hauj lwm hauv tsev, thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account tsuas yog cov kawm ntawv teev, uas tau tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib.

Muaj ntau cov kws txawj ntseeg tias yog tsis tshua muaj unsatisfactory hais tias cov introductory kawm ntawm undergraduate kev pab cuam yog npaum li cas me dua thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov kws muaj txuj, uas yuav ua tau kom tsim kev ncua nyob rau hauv ntau theem nrab disciplines. Tam sim no, cov kis ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm thiab high school yog heev loj, thiab nws yuav txawm ntau c hloov mus rau lub Bologna system.

Nyob rau hauv ltalis yog ib nrab theem ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv - kawm ntawv qib siab, tsis muaj uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus kawm ntawv qib siab. Nws yog tau hais tias Russia yuav ua raws li cov tib txoj kev. Nws kuj npaj nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Bologna system los tsim nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis kawm ntawv rau kev pib kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam.

Cov niaj hnub system ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Nyiajpoom teb muaj xws li 5 theem - ib tug kindergarten, tsev kawm ntawv, hauv nruab nrab lub tsev kawm ntawv theem ob - tus qis thiab siab dua - thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov kawm ntawv qib siab system raws li ib tug ob-theem - Bachelor thiab Master.

Cov kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv Nyiv muaj ib tug yus feature, piv txwv li, cov pab pawg thiab cov chav kawm txog cov kev hloov txhua txhua xyoo, raws li zoo raws li hloov thiab qhia neeg ua hauj lwm. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo cov tub ntxhais kawm coj xeem, yog li lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo rau lawv - nws yog ib tug npaj rau nws. Qhov no kuj qhia txog qhov loj thiab mus xyuas tus heev heev private kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas npaj cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv tsev. Tab sis qhov tseem interesting tshaj plaws yog hais tias nrog yooj yim kev kawm hluas Japanese yog qhia nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Kws muaj txuj kev xav txog txoj kev hloov mus rau qhov tshiab system ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog sib txawv heev. Leej twg paub dab tsi yuav ua tau ...