Behaviorism nyob rau hauv psychology: koj tus cwj pwm yuav hais txog koj

Thoob plaws hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science, nws raug nyob txawv dab thiab mechanisms. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, peb highlight qhov loj qhov chaw ntawm psychology: behaviorism, psychoanalysis thiab humanistic kev taw qhia. Cov feem nthuav mus kom ze rau nkawd behaviorism, uas externally observable cwj pwm raws li qhov kev kawm ntawm psychology. Behaviorism - yog cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv psychology, tsis txhob xav txog qhov nrog dab uas tsis muaj rau ib tug sab nraum soj. Yog li, psychology yog ua puas tau ntau nyob ze rau qhov natural sciences, nyob rau hauv uas tus kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no muaj tsis tsuas mus rau nws cov neeg uas hnov txog. Lub essence ntawm tib neeg lub siab, tag nrho cov ua tej yam kev ua ntawm tib neeg soj ntsuam yuav deduce los ntawm cov cai tshwm sim. Behaviourism nyob rau hauv psychology tso tseg luj ntawm tej internal dab uas yog tsis raug soj ntsuam, piv txwv li, nco qab, txoj kev xav, ncus, etc.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub cwj pwm mus kom ze rau psychology

Txawm tias peb tsis tau meej yuav hu ua hauv lub xyoo ntawm tshwm sim ntawm behaviorism li cov kev taw qhia (qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug ib tug-lub sij hawm cov kev tshwm sim), officially psychology li qhov kev kawm ntawm tus cwj pwm originated nyob rau hauv 1913. Cov nrhiav leej txiv ntawm tus cwj pwm tendencies xam tau tias yog Dzhon Uotson, uas tsis lees txais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nco qab nyob rau hauv psychology. Tsuas yog externally observable tus cwj pwm qauv hais tias tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus tib neeg psyche. Ua ntej Watson nrug ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub American Psychological Association behaviorist tswv yim, raws li lawv hais, yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov soj ntsuam tsuas muab lawv tawm thiab nthuav nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem. Behaviorism nyob rau hauv psychology reflected rau hauv lub dav revolutionary teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov kev tswv yim hais tias tus tib neeg lub siab yog coj thiab reflex yuav Rene Descartes, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, formulated cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm reflex. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm behaviorism xws li Pavlov (nrog nws txoj kev kawm ntawm zwj ceeb thiab unconditional reflexes nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj) thiab B. spondylitis (reflexology).

Lub essence ntawm tus mus kom ze

Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus uas ntawm no mus kom ze yog tus "stimulus" thiab "teb". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lawv thiab piav tag nrho cov tib neeg coj cwj pwm. Classical Circuit Court cwj pwm: stimulus ua rau ib tug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias peb paub uas stimuli ua rau ib txhia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog lwm tus neeg, peb ua tau, roughly hais lus, los tswj thiab coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg nyob rau hauv txoj cai coj. Nws muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus, uas ua hauj lwm behaviorism. Nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm psychology kuj siv "kev txhawb" thiab "kev nplua", los ntawm cov uas yog coj thiab tus cwj pwm. Thiab txhawb nqa thiab txim yuav ua tau zoo thiab tsis zoo. Yog hais tias peb xav kom luag tus yam cwj pwm, siv los yog tsis zoo incentives. Yog hais tias koj xav kom ib cov saw ntawm "stimulus-teb", siv lub txim.

xaus

Rau hnub tim, behaviorism nyob rau hauv psychology plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev kawm los yog nyob rau hauv nqa tawm ntau hom ntawm luv luv-term hlwb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj ntau cov kev txwv ntawm no mus kom ze, ib co ntawm cov koom teeb meem. Irreducibility complex tib neeg psyche rau ib tug txheej txheem los yog mechanism ua zaum yog nce tig mus rau lub ua ke ntawm txawv txoj kev thiab le caag.